Chris Raine | Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (original) (raw)

Papers by Chris Raine

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature, Jan 30, 2015

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common, morbid, and frequently lethal malignan... more Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common, morbid, and frequently lethal malignancy. To uncover its mutational spectrum, we analyzed whole-exome sequencing data from 74 tumor-normal pairs. The majority exhibited a mutational profile consistent with tobacco exposure; human papilloma virus was detectable by sequencing of DNA from infected tumors. In addition to identifying previously known HNSCC genes (TP53, CDKN2A, PTEN, PIK3CA, and HRAS), the analysis revealed many genes not previously implicated in this malignancy. At least 30% of cases harbored mutations in genes that regulate squamous differentiation (e.g., NOTCH1, IRF6, and TP63), implicating its dysregulation as a major driver of HNSCC carcinogenesis. More generally, the results indicate the ability of large-scale sequencing to reveal fundamental tumorigenic mechanisms.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature, Jun 27, 2016

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature, Aug 15, 2016

Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sep 22, 2011

ObjectiveTo compare the estimated cost‐effectiveness of childhood (adeno)tonsillectomy vs medical... more ObjectiveTo compare the estimated cost‐effectiveness of childhood (adeno)tonsillectomy vs medical therapy for recurrent sore throats from the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with that modeled on the recorded timing of surgical interventions as observed in all participants irrespective of their original group allocation.Study DesignA pragmatic RCT (trial) with a parallel nonrandomized patient preference group (cohort) of (adeno)tonsillectomy vs medical therapy.SettingFive secondary care UK otolaryngology departments.Subjects and MethodsEligible children, aged 4 to 15 years, were enrolled to the trial (268) or cohort (461) groups. Outcomes included sore throat diaries, quality of life, and general practice consultations. The RCT protocol ITT analysis was compared with an as‐treated analysis incorporating the cohort group, modeled to reflect the timing of tonsillectomy and the differential switch rates among the original groups.Results>In the RCT ITT analysis, tonsillectomy saved 3.5 sore throats, whereas the as‐treated model suggested an average reduction of more than 8 sore throats in 2 years for surgery within 10 weeks of consultation, falling to only 3.5 twelve months later due to the spontaneous improvement in the medical therapy group.ConclusionIn eligible UK school‐age children, tonsillectomy can save up to 8 sore throats at a reasonable cost, if performed promptly. Further prospective data collection, accounting for baseline and per‐trial preferences and choice, is urgently needed.

Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 2015

To determine the independent factors which significantly affect success in myringoplasty in a pae... more To determine the independent factors which significantly affect success in myringoplasty in a paediatric (<16) and an adult age group. METHODS Design Retrospective study conducted in a teaching hospital.

2 Background Tonsillectomies are frequently performed yet variations exist in tonsillectomy rates... more 2 Background Tonsillectomies are frequently performed yet variations exist in tonsillectomy rates. Clinicians use guidelines, but complex psychosocial influences on childhood tonsillectomy include anecdotal evidence of parental enthusiasm. Studies indicate that undergoing preferred treatment improves outcome. Despite the enthusiasm with which tonsillectomy is offered and sought, there is little evidence of efficacy. This resulted in a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of (adeno)tonsillectomy in children with recurrent sore throats. Objective To compare characteristics of children entering the randomised trial with those recruited to a parallel, non-randomised study, to establish trends in referral and patient preferences for treatment. Design

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1983

Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 1983

A rare case of dysphagia, caused by ectopic gastric mucosa situated in the upper esophagus, is re... more A rare case of dysphagia, caused by ectopic gastric mucosa situated in the upper esophagus, is reported.

F1000 - Post-publication peer review of the biomedical literature, 2017

International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, Jan 14, 2012

to collect relevant, up-to-date, representative, accurate, systematic information, related to for... more to collect relevant, up-to-date, representative, accurate, systematic information, related to foreign bodies (FB) injuries.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, 2005

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a rare but potentially lifethreatening condition that requir... more Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a rare but potentially lifethreatening condition that requires thorough and timely intervention. It occurs when the barriers retaining CSF around the brain are breached. Otorrhea occurs only when there is violation of these barriers within the temporal bone. Thus, there is breach of the arachnoid membrane, dura mater, bone, and mucosal lining of the mastoid and middle ear. To complete the route of egress there must be a defect in the external auditory canal or perforation of the tympanic membrane. If this defect is not present, CSF, once in the middle ear cleft, can flow down the eustachian tube and present as otorhinorrhea. A physician therefore must remember that rhinorrhea does not always come from the anterior skull base and must be vigilant for an otologic cause. In this article, CSF leaks are categorized as either nontraumatic or traumatic. The article explains the physiology of the milieu of CSF that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It then discusses the detection, assessment, causes, clinical presentation, and management related to clinical pathologies. Physiology The bulk of the CSF is formed in the choroid plexuses of the lateral and, to a lesser extent, in the third and fourth ventricles. The remainder of the intracranial production occurs in the interstitial space. Extrachoroidal production occurs in the ventricular ependyma, and some CSF may be derived from the capillaries on the surface of the brain and spinal medulla.

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 2007

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 1996

A case of facial nerve paralysis secondary to acute suppurative parotitis is described. This is a... more A case of facial nerve paralysis secondary to acute suppurative parotitis is described. This is a rare complication in the absence of malignant processes in the parotid.

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 1983

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 1985

Cochlear Implants International, 2010

Clinical Otolaryngology, 1984

The use of chemoprophylaxis in major Head and Neck surgery is controversial. Prior to conducting ... more The use of chemoprophylaxis in major Head and Neck surgery is controversial. Prior to conducting a prospective trial a controlled microbiological monitoring of 32 patients was performed to determine a suitable antibiotic for prophylaxis. Wound infection occurred in 22 (68%) patients with fistulae occurring in 10 of these patients (45.5%). Pre-operative cultures were of limited value in predicting subsequent sepsis. Gram-negative aerobic bacilli were the commonest group of pathogens (34.4%) isolated post-operatively. From projected resistance profiles of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria amoxycillin and clavulanic acid (Augmentin, Beecham Pharmaceuticals) was chosen as a suitable antibiotic.

Clinical Otolaryngology, 1987

Laryngeal tuberculosis is now a rare disease. We report 6 patients presenting within a 10-year pe... more Laryngeal tuberculosis is now a rare disease. We report 6 patients presenting within a 10-year period (1976-1986). Symptoms and signs often mimic carcinoma or chronic non-specific laryngitis. Greater clinical awareness and a chest radiograph prior to direct laryngoscopy may alert the clinician to the possibility of tuberculosis. The diagnosis is established by laryngeal biopsy.

Clinical Otolaryngology, 1992

Adeno-tonsillectomy and tonsillectomy are frequently performed and haemorrhage remains an importa... more Adeno-tonsillectomy and tonsillectomy are frequently performed and haemorrhage remains an important post-operative complication. A prospective study of 1090 patients undergoing surgery over a 12-month period was undertaken investigating whether the following factors influenced post-operative haemorrhage: age and sex of patients, method of tonsillectomy, haemostasis and premedication, month of operation and experience of surgeon. A significantly higher incidence of post-operative haemorrhage occurred in the group aged 16-25 years and significantly more males suffered post-operative haemorrhage. This haemorrhage more frequently occurred in the warmer months of May to July. Guillotine tonsillectomy was found to be as effective as dissection and no higher incidence of post-operative haemorrhage was recorded. Method of haemostasis, surgical experience and premedication did not influence the outcome. We conclude that the guillotine used in controlled circumstances is as safe as dissection.