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Books by Jonathan Anjaria

Papers by Jonathan Anjaria

In this article we propose a different approach to the study of neoliberalism. We shift away from... more In this article we propose a different approach to the study of neoliberalism. We shift away from institutionally focused accounts of neoliberalism as a strategy of rule, to examine the way citizens engage with neoliberal reform. While there is a burgeoning body of literature on the expansion of civil society, new entrepreneurship and novel governmentalities, not enough is known about the ways the state is restructured by the social processes that follow on from neoliberal reform. How does the to-and-fro between policy makers, state agents and citizens shape emerging projects and what consequences do citizens' actions have for state structure? The article uses two case studies from India: a local governance reform and a new health insurance. Unpacking their multiple unexpected outcomes, we argue that neoliberalism does not represent a discrete set of state practices or ideologies but a set of ideals operating in a political field that is far in excess of it and creates new contestations about how to structure and improve the relations among the state, markets and citizens.

American Ethnologist, Jan 1, 2011

In this article, I draw from fieldwork on the micropractices of hawkers' illicit dealings with lo... more In this article, I draw from fieldwork on the micropractices of hawkers' illicit dealings with low-level state functionaries in Mumbai, India, to explore how claims to city space are negotiated. I argue that what is often understood as a breakdown in urban governance is, instead, what I call an "ordinary space of negotiation" that constitutes the grounds on which claims to substantive citizenship are made. This ethnographic exploration of what practices of corruption produce has the possibility to expand how scholars think about the state and political claim making in liberal democratic contexts at large.

… with Value in …, Jan 1, 2008

South Asian Popular Culture, Jan 1, 2008

City & Community, Jan 1, 2009

This article examines the new phenomenon of "citizens' groups" in contemporary Mumbai, India, who... more This article examines the new phenomenon of "citizens' groups" in contemporary Mumbai, India, whose activities are directed at making the city's public spaces more orderly. Recent scholarship on Mumbai's efforts to become a "global" city has pointed to the removal of poor populations as an instance of neoliberal governmentality as espoused by the Indian state following the "liberalization" of the economy in the early 1990s. However, in this case, it is these civil society organizations, not the state-whose functionaries in fact benefit from a certain element of unruliness on the streets-who are the agents of increased control over populations and of the rationalization of urban space. This article, based on fieldwork-based research, argues that the way in which citizens' groups exclude poor populations from the city is more complex than a straightforward deployment of neoliberalism, and is imbricated with transnational political economic arrangements in uneven and often inconsistent ways. In particular, this article explores how civic activists in these organizations envision their role in the city, and how their activism attempts to reconfigure the nature of citizenship. For instance, civic activists consider themselves to be the stewards of the city's streets and sidewalks, and wage their battles against what they consider unruly hawkers, a corrupt state, and a complacent middle-class public. Moreover, civic activists render street hawkers' political claims illegitimate by speaking on behalf of the abstract "citizen"of Mumbai, thus implying that hawkers' unions speak only on behalf of the vested interests of a single population. In this way, they mobilize a normative notion of civil society in order to exclude the vast segment of city residents who either sell or buy goods on the street. In doing so, the civic activists transform the discourse and practice of politics in the city, so that, ironically, while on one hand using the rhetoric of citizen participation, they in fact undermine the radically heterogeneous forms of democratic political participation the city offers.

Economic and Political Weekly, Jan 1, 2006

In this article we propose a different approach to the study of neoliberalism. We shift away from... more In this article we propose a different approach to the study of neoliberalism. We shift away from institutionally focused accounts of neoliberalism as a strategy of rule, to examine the way citizens engage with neoliberal reform. While there is a burgeoning body of literature on the expansion of civil society, new entrepreneurship and novel governmentalities, not enough is known about the ways the state is restructured by the social processes that follow on from neoliberal reform. How does the to-and-fro between policy makers, state agents and citizens shape emerging projects and what consequences do citizens' actions have for state structure? The article uses two case studies from India: a local governance reform and a new health insurance. Unpacking their multiple unexpected outcomes, we argue that neoliberalism does not represent a discrete set of state practices or ideologies but a set of ideals operating in a political field that is far in excess of it and creates new contestations about how to structure and improve the relations among the state, markets and citizens.

American Ethnologist, Jan 1, 2011

In this article, I draw from fieldwork on the micropractices of hawkers' illicit dealings with lo... more In this article, I draw from fieldwork on the micropractices of hawkers' illicit dealings with low-level state functionaries in Mumbai, India, to explore how claims to city space are negotiated. I argue that what is often understood as a breakdown in urban governance is, instead, what I call an "ordinary space of negotiation" that constitutes the grounds on which claims to substantive citizenship are made. This ethnographic exploration of what practices of corruption produce has the possibility to expand how scholars think about the state and political claim making in liberal democratic contexts at large.

… with Value in …, Jan 1, 2008

South Asian Popular Culture, Jan 1, 2008

City & Community, Jan 1, 2009

This article examines the new phenomenon of "citizens' groups" in contemporary Mumbai, India, who... more This article examines the new phenomenon of "citizens' groups" in contemporary Mumbai, India, whose activities are directed at making the city's public spaces more orderly. Recent scholarship on Mumbai's efforts to become a "global" city has pointed to the removal of poor populations as an instance of neoliberal governmentality as espoused by the Indian state following the "liberalization" of the economy in the early 1990s. However, in this case, it is these civil society organizations, not the state-whose functionaries in fact benefit from a certain element of unruliness on the streets-who are the agents of increased control over populations and of the rationalization of urban space. This article, based on fieldwork-based research, argues that the way in which citizens' groups exclude poor populations from the city is more complex than a straightforward deployment of neoliberalism, and is imbricated with transnational political economic arrangements in uneven and often inconsistent ways. In particular, this article explores how civic activists in these organizations envision their role in the city, and how their activism attempts to reconfigure the nature of citizenship. For instance, civic activists consider themselves to be the stewards of the city's streets and sidewalks, and wage their battles against what they consider unruly hawkers, a corrupt state, and a complacent middle-class public. Moreover, civic activists render street hawkers' political claims illegitimate by speaking on behalf of the abstract "citizen"of Mumbai, thus implying that hawkers' unions speak only on behalf of the vested interests of a single population. In this way, they mobilize a normative notion of civil society in order to exclude the vast segment of city residents who either sell or buy goods on the street. In doing so, the civic activists transform the discourse and practice of politics in the city, so that, ironically, while on one hand using the rhetoric of citizen participation, they in fact undermine the radically heterogeneous forms of democratic political participation the city offers.

Economic and Political Weekly, Jan 1, 2006