Sani A B D U L R A H M A N Bala | Usmanu Danfodiyo University , Sokoto (original) (raw)

Papers by Sani A B D U L R A H M A N Bala

Environmental policy instruments are measures put in place by the government to public or private... more Environmental policy instruments are measures put in place by the government to public or private organizations regarding the effects of human activities on the environment, particularly those measures that are designed to prevent or reduce harmful effects of human activities on ecosystems. This paper empirically examined the interaction effect of environmental policy instruments and administrative expenses on environmental sustainability accounting in BUA Cement Sokoto Plant. The paper used secondary sources of data from annual reports of BUA Cement Sokoto Plant, covering a period of 10 years (2012 to 2021). Auto regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Model was employed as the techniques of analysis using Eviews. The findings of the paper revealed that environmental regulation has negative and insignificant effect on environmental sustainability accounting in both the long run and short run with p-values of (0.1806 and 0.9541) respectively at 10% level of significance. A Decreased use of regulations effect the regulatory compliance on environmental sustainability accounting. The paper contributes to the literature on environmental regulations on environmental accounting. The study therefore recommends that environmental regulation should appropriately enforce in order to make polluters pay environmental damaged they might have caused.

This study was designed to find the nexus between corporate governance and the concern of Nigeria... more This study was designed to find the nexus between corporate governance and the concern of Nigeria DMBs with the specific role of audit committee financial expertise. Corporate governance is being used by stakeholders to determine the perpetual succession of business organization. This is prevalent in the DMBs and it has led to the expansion in the activities of DMBs as well as dynamic relationships between the management of DMBs and their owners. In lieu of this, this study sought to investigate this issue in the context of Nigeria. The research approach adopted for this study was quantitative. In addition, purposive sampling technique was adopted to select 8 DMBs listed from the sample frame obtained from NSE for the period 2014-2021. Using pooled OLS, the study revealed that ACFE has significant impact on DLLP as indicated by coefficient 98.843 with a p-value of 0.005, management equity holding has no significant impact on DLLP with coefficient 14.719 & p-value of 0.082 at 5% level of significance. Therefore, the study recommends that DMBs should increase the proportion of audit financial expertise with accounting background in the committee in order to enhance prudence and accountability. By this, it will boost the investors' confidence as well as enhance their reputation and ensure their long-term prosperity.

AbdulRahman Bala Sani, 2022

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of selected macro-economic variables on the ... more This study was carried out to investigate the effect of selected macro-economic variables on the performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Kebbi State, Nigeria. The research employed a quantitative survey design. The purpose of the study was to assess effect of interest rate, exchange rate, and inflation rate on the SMEs financial performance in Kebbi State. SMES was seen in the study as indispensable components of natural development in both developed and developing economies. The research employed purposive sampling technique to sample 100 SMEs out of 815 across all the 21 local governments of Kebbi State. Secondary data extracted from reports of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin (2018), Federal Ministry of Finance (2018), and Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Annual Statistical Bulletin (2018) were used. The collected data were analysed with Time Series analysis tool but estimated with Fully Modified Least Square (FMLS) Regression Technique. The findings of the study revealed that when all the explanatory variables are kept constant, the output of the SMEs sector in Kebbi State is 3.012. Also, the result showed that exchange rate significantly impacted on SMEs output in Kebbi State. Its value of .028 implies that while keeping constant inflation rate and interest rate, a percentage increase in the naira relative to the US dollar (currency depreciation) brought about 2.8% increase in the output of SMEs in Kebbi State. The study, therefore, concludes that monetary policy has a very important role to play in determining the performance of the SMEs in Kebbi State. The study recommended that there should be flexibility in monetary and expansionary policies that will stimulate the performance of SMEs in Kebbi State.

The study examines if multiple taxation and high tax rate have significant influence on tax compl... more The study examines if multiple taxation and high tax rate have significant influence on tax compliance among SMEs in Zamfara State. The study focused on Gusau, the state capital of Zamfara, with an estimated population of 682,700. Method of Sampling the Population is the Taro Yamane's sampling formula. The sample size of the study is 400 people who are small and medium business owners in Zamfara state, Nigeria. The study made use of multiple regression analysis, Anova, Coefficient, Collinearity Test in other to find the impact of high tax rate and multiple taxation among SMEs in Zamfara state. The study revealed that multiple tax system has significant influence on tax compliance. The study also revealed that high tax rate has negative significant influence on tax compliance among tax payers who are small business owners. The study therefore recommends that government should avoid high tax rate as this could have negative effect on tax compliance among SMEs in Zamfara State.

This study examines the linkage between exchange rates and stock market in Nigeria using annual d... more This study examines the linkage between exchange rates and stock market in Nigeria using annual data from 1985 to 2015. In conducting the analysis, this study utilized Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Granger Causality tests. Exchange rate, economic growth, money supply and stock market (i.e., all share indexes) were captured in the model. The results show that exchange rate and economic growth have positive and statistically significant impact on stock market in Nigeria, while money supply has negative and statistically significant influence on stock market over the study period. Granger causality results indicated that there is unidirectional causality running from exchange rate to stock market. Similarly, there is unidirectional causality running from stock market to money supply. It is also indicating no evidence of causality runs from economic growth to stock market and vice versa. This study recommends the following: there is the need for policymakers to ensure effective implementation of existing monetary policy instruments and device strong way of harmonizing monetary and fiscal policies in order to maintain stable exchange rate and avoid structural break that affect the whole system including the stock market. There is also the need for Central Bank of Nigeria to reduce the volume of money in circulation, this will help to reduce the price of goods and services in the economy vis-à-vis boosting the savings and increase the levels of investment in the long run.

Despite the relevance and applicability of marketing practice in microfinance institutions (MFIs)... more Despite the relevance and applicability of marketing practice in microfinance institutions (MFIs), the literature indicates very few studies have attempted to investigate the effect of marketing practice on the performance of MFIs, particularly the relationship between marketing practice and performance of MFIs. The literature suggests that there is not only limited information on the marketing practice of MFIs but also little research in this important area. Based on this information and research gab, the objective for the study is to investigate the relationship between marketing practice and performance of MFIs. By using structural questionnaires, the data for the study were collected from 121 MFIs. The data for the study was analysed using both Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The findings of the study indicate significant positive relationship between marketing practice and performance of MFIs. The finding of this study implies that, MFIs need to develop, manage and leverage their marketing practices. Marketing practices could help their organisation to achieve superior performance when competing with their rivals.

Journal of Accounting and Management www.nda.edu.ng ISSN 1119-2454 Volume 2, Number 1 June, 2019, 2019

Social objective is one of the newest management strategies where companies try to create a posit... more Social objective is one of the newest management strategies where companies try to create a positive impact on society while doing business. Business has changed from profit making activities to social welfare activities where businesses are not only responsible to its shareholders but also to all of its stakeholders. There has been an increasing global concern for the harmful long-term impact of industrial activities on the environment. These uncontrolled impacts of industrial activities on the environment have created critical ecological challenges on the planet. It is has a result of this that the study evaluates the effect of corporate social responsibility on financial performance of quoted conglomerate companies in Nigeria. The study used a sample of five (5) conglomerate companies quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) for a period of nine (9) years spanning 2010 to 2018. Panel regression technique was employed in analyzing data collected for the study. Findings of the study showed that corporate social responsibility to employees has positive and significant effect on profit after tax (PAT), return on asset (ROA). Moreover, it has significant effect on return on equity (ROE), while corporate social responsibility to the community has positive effect on PAT, ROA and ROE. The study concludes that corporate social responsibility of the quoted conglomerate companies in Nigeria has significant effect on their financial performance. The study thereby recommends that conglomerate companies in Nigeria should increase their corporate social responsibility to the community in which they operate; this will contribute to their turnover, also more emphasis should be laid on corporate social responsibility to their employees as a motivating factor to increase productivity.

The study examined the extent to which the disclosure of environmental, social, and governance (E... more The study examined the extent to which the disclosure of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) sustainability by listed firms in the Nigerian Stock Exchange drive accounting performance of Return on Asset (ROA). Twenty (20) out of population of twentyfour (24) firms were selected from three industrial sectors namely the oil and gas, natural resources and industrial goods industries using stratified sampling technique. Data sourced from secondary sources includes the annual reports and accounts, and stand-alone sustainability reports of the sampled firms spanning from 2010-2020. A binary coding procedure was utilised for the content analysis of the independent variable (sustainability reporting) proxied by ESG disclosure. While, the dependent variable (firm performance) was measured in terms of ROA. Pooled and panel linear regression econometric analyses was carried out in testing the formulated hypotheses. The findings reveal that environmental and governance disclosure has no significant effect on ROA. While social disclosure has a positive effect on ROA. It is therefore pertinent to recommend a 'policy shift' in the variables of environmental and governance sustainability disclosure by engaging in environmental policies and corporate governance mechanisms that would improve performance as well as sustained social disclosure practices as a major driver of firms' performance.

UMYU Journal of Accounting and Finance Research VOL. 3 NO. 1 Jane, 2022

Corporate Finance

Fuoye Journal of Accounting and Management; Volume 5, Number 1; 2022 www.fjam.fuoye.edu.ng ;ISSN 2805- 3672 (Print), 2814-1717 (Online), 2022

This study was conducted to assess the effect of audit size and investment in Property, Plant and... more This study was conducted to assess the effect of audit size and investment in Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE) on corporate tax avoidance of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. The study covered the period, 2015 to 2020 using 14 DMBs in Nigeria. Panel data was used which consists of 84 observations analyzed using multiple regression model. Robust regression model was employed to test the effect of audit size and investment in PPE. The outcome of the analysis revealed that audit size has a coefficient of 0.319 which is significant at 1% (p=0.005). Investment in PPE is also found to be significant at 5% (p=0.045) with coefficient of-0.102. These results show that audit size lead to increase tax avoidance practices while investment in PPE results in decrease corporate tax avoidance among DMBs in Nigeria. From the findings, the study recommends, among others, that subsequent amendments of CIT acts in Nigeria should maintain or even increase the investment allowance rate on PPE so as to boost local productions and exportation by indigenous firms.

The Effect of Integrated Reporting Disclosure and Firms Value of Listed Insurance Company in Nigeria., 2022

The effect of integrated reporting disclosure on the firm value of listed insurance businesses in... more The effect of integrated reporting disclosure on the firm value of listed insurance businesses in Nigeria was investigated in this study. The researcher intends to accomplish these goals by investigating the relationship between debt policy and the value of listed insurance companies in Nigeria; the second goal of the research is to investigate the relationship between corporate risk and the value of listed insurance companies in Nigeria. The data for the study was obtained from the sampled insurance companies' published annual financial statements, and descriptive statistics, diagnostic tests, and unit root tests were used for data analysis, while multiple regression was used for hypothesis testing. The study was conducted between 2011 and 2021. The outcome suggests that the debt ratio has a p-value less than 0.05. As a result, there is a negative and substantial relationship between debt and the financial performance of insurance companies in Nigeria. The result suggests that there is a positive and significant correlation between corporate size and the value of insurance enterprises in Nigeria, with a p-value of 0.0438 less than the critical value of 0.05. As a result, the study stated that insurance businesses in Nigeria should embrace good integrated corporate reporting in order to increase company value. KeyWord: Turbin Q (TBQ), Corporate Size (COS), Debt Ratio (DER).

International Journal of Innovative Research in Accounting and Sustainability ISSN: 2736-1381 (Print), ISSN 2736-1500 (Online), 2022

The study investigated the impact of infrastructure on Foreign Direct Investment inflow to Nigeri... more The study investigated the impact of infrastructure on Foreign Direct Investment inflow to
Nigeria for the period of 1995-to 2021. the study made use of Descriptive Statistics, Unit Root Test, Pairwise Correlation, and Multiple Regression were used in finding the result on the Effect independent variable on the dependent variable the result revealed that Exchange Rate has a p-value of 0.035, which is statistically significant at a 5% level of significance, this implies that the exchange rate has a substantial impact on the amount of foreign direct investment flowing into Nigeria. The p-value for Electricity Consumption is 0.176, which is statistically insignificant at the 5% level of significance, this suggests that Electricity Consumption has a negligible effect on Nigeria's Foreign Direct Investment inflow. Market Size has a p-value of 0.024, which is statistically significant at a 5% level of significance, this indicates that Market Size has a substantial impact on the inflow of foreign direct investment into Nigeria. The study recommended that the Nigerian government may have a significant impact on multinational firms' investment decisions in the country by enacting policies that would strengthen the trade market, and availability of power supply, to establish within the nation a more welcoming investment environment to attract foreign direct investment inflows

Key words: Foreign Direct Investment, Infrastructure, Trade Openness

Contemporary developments in the wake of lockdown as a result of a covid-19 pandemic have birthed... more Contemporary developments in the wake of lockdown as a result of a covid-19 pandemic have birthed fresh discoveries in the application of information technology to the production and delivery of services and products globally. Artificial intelligence (AI) and other robotic technology are now commonly used in both industry and government for the generation and collection of revenues and payment for input costs. It is in this light that governments at all levels are now exploring new technological advancements for raising revenue and reducing the cost of governance. In accounting, the evolution of software used for accounting and the more recent inclusion of artificial intelligence has led to a complete transformation of accounting systems. The use of the traditional accounting system has greatly faded and through investments in robotic and other information technology, there have been groundbreaking stories in the application of leading-edge approaches to digitally transform the means of generating revenue, issues of incomplete taxpayer data and multiple taxation can easily be resolved through technology and this will boosts taxpayer's confidence in paying their taxes. Unfortunately, the Nigerian revenue generation is still not embracing technology in totality regardless of the enormous potential and advancements in the digital world. This has been impactful on revenue and added value. The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of technology in accounting for revenue generation in Nigeria after the covid-19 lockdown and how the use of AI can be deployed to improve revenue and block leakages in the system. The study concludes that effective utilization of artificial intelligence become ready tools for government, therefore, increasing revenue generation. The study, therefore, recommends that technology, particularly AI, is an important opportunity for Nigeria and if the government can successfully navigate the challenges, it can be a driver for economic growth and development.

The paper aims to examine the effect of environmental cost on the profitability of multinational ... more The paper aims to examine the effect of environmental cost on the profitability of multinational oil and gas companies in Nigeria. The paper used panel data which were sourced from the annual reports and accounts of the selected quoted oil and gas companies, consisting of 6 (major multinational) Oil and Gas firms over 15 years (2004-2018). Panel regression models were employed in determining the effects of the variables under study. The findings of the study suggested that a percent (1%) increase in environmental activities resulted in 0.013 (1.3%) increase in Return on Asset (ROA). Indicating that environmental activities have a Positive and significant effect on ROA at 5% level of significance. The implication of this finding is that organizations that invest in sustainability activities would have significant competitive advantages. This is consistent with the existing of literature on sustainability reporting and financial performance. The study, therefore, recommends that since sustainability is profitable, oil and gas firms should invest more in environmental activities to enhanced growth and success.

The study attempts to identify a suitable method of accounting for crypto-asset under the current... more The study attempts to identify a suitable method of accounting for crypto-asset under the current International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as well as its implication for financial reporting. To achieve this, the paper surveyed and synthesized the relevant literature on the subject matter by analyzing the work of previous scholars using descriptive and content analysis of the documented texts and scholarly articles. The findings of the study from the content analysis reveal that there exists a divergent views by experts in the field, on how crypto assets should be accounted for as there is no specific standard that clearly spelled out its treatment in the current IFRS or the International Accounting Standard (IAS) as a guide. Hence, the study considered IAS 2 inventories held for sale as the relevant for accounting for the crypto asset and the reasons therein were also highlighted. The study, therefore, recommends that the standard setters and relevant professional accounting bodies around the globe to work out new standards to incorporate its disclosure and measurement.

This paper assessed the impact of Audit fees and Audit tenure on the Financial Reporting of quote... more This paper assessed the impact of Audit fees and Audit tenure on the Financial Reporting of quoted natural resource firms in Nigeria. Five (5) cited natural resource firms in Nigeria were selected to achieve this objective. The study used secondary data which is from the annual reports of the established sampled natural resource firms for ten (10) financial years (2010-2019). Financial reporting is used as the study's dependent variable and was regressed using audit fees alongside Audit tenure. In contrast, the firm size is an independent variable using the standard least regression method (OLS) to test the hypothesis. The study's outcomes indicated that audit fee has a positive and significant relationship with financial reporting quality, while audit tenure also has a positive but insignificant relationship with financial reporting quality, Firm size, is only significantly associated with financial reporting quality. The study found that the higher audit fees have the likelihood of compromising auditors' independence, thereby leading to lower financial reporting quality. The study recommend that regulators of the audit practice to establish measures that can be used to regulates and monitor the pricing process of the audit so that to ensure a balance that would eliminate overcharging and or undercharging of the audit fees which evidence reveals could impair the independence of the auditor, thereby impact financial reporting quality of an entity.

This paper assessed the impact of Audit fees and Audit tenure on the Financial Reporting of quote... more This paper assessed the impact of Audit fees and Audit tenure on the Financial Reporting of quoted natural resource firms in Nigeria. Five (5) cited natural resource firms in Nigeria were selected to achieve this objective. The study used secondary data which is from the annual reports of the established sampled natural resource firms for ten (10) financial years (2010-2019). Financial reporting is used as the study's dependent variable and was regressed using audit fees alongside Audit tenure. In contrast, the firm size is an independent variable using the standard least regression method (OLS) to test the hypothesis. The study's outcomes indicated that audit fee has a positive and significant relationship with financial reporting quality, while audit tenure also has a positive but insignificant relationship with financial reporting quality, Firm size, is only significantly associated with financial reporting quality. The study found that the higher audit fees have the likelihood of compromising auditors' independence, thereby leading to lower financial reporting quality. The study recommend that regulators of the audit practice to establish measures that can be used to regulates and monitor the pricing process of the audit so that to ensure a balance that would eliminate overcharging and or under-charging of the audit fees which evidence reveals could impair the independence of the auditor, thereby impact financial reporting quality of an entity.

This study examined the influence of Corporate Governance Attributes (CGA) on the Financial Perfo... more This study examined the influence of Corporate Governance Attributes (CGA) on the Financial Performance (FP) of listed Consumer Goods Companies (CGCs) in Nigeria. The objectives were to provide empirical evidence of the influence of Corporate Governance Attributes, proxied by Board Size (BS), Board Independence (BI), and Gender Diversity (GD) on the Dependent variable, Financial Performance (FP), proxied by Return on Assets (ROA), which is widely accepted to show the actual result of profitability in many firms. The study employed a longitudinal research design. A sample of five (5) companies was randomly selected from the population of thirty-five (35) listed CGCs in Nigeria as of 2020. Data was collected from the audited annual accounts and reports of the sampled firms. The study further employed multiple regression techniques to explain and test the data elicited. The statistical result for the variables shows weak FP among the sampled firms, implying that the selected firms reported a low return on assets during the period under consideration. Specifically, BI exerts a significant influence, while GD exerts a negative significant influence on ROA. However, BS reveals a negative and insignificant influence on the ROA of the CGCs in Nigeria. Deducing from the statistics, it can be observed that CEOs of CGCs in Nigeria are carefree with corporate attributes. There is a need for the CEOs and equity owners of the companies to review the fundamental demographic features of the CGCs to improve the quality of decision-making. Specifically, including the number of female directors in their board membership.

AbdulRahman Bala Sani, 2022

Journal of Accounting and Management www.nda.edu.ng ISSN 1119-2454 Volume 2, Number 1 June, 2019, 2019

UMYU Journal of Accounting and Finance Research VOL. 3 NO. 1 Jane, 2022

Corporate Finance

Fuoye Journal of Accounting and Management; Volume 5, Number 1; 2022 www.fjam.fuoye.edu.ng ;ISSN 2805- 3672 (Print), 2814-1717 (Online), 2022

The Effect of Integrated Reporting Disclosure and Firms Value of Listed Insurance Company in Nigeria., 2022

International Journal of Innovative Research in Accounting and Sustainability ISSN: 2736-1381 (Print), ISSN 2736-1500 (Online), 2022

Key words: Foreign Direct Investment, Infrastructure, Trade Openness

This paper assessed the impact of Audit fees and Audit tenure on the Financial Reporting of quote... more This paper assessed the impact of Audit fees and Audit tenure on the Financial Reporting of quoted natural resource firms in Nigeria. Five (5) cited natural resource firms in Nigeria were selected to achieve this objective. The study used secondary data which is from the annual reports of the established sampled natural resource firms for ten (10) financial years (2010-2019). Financial reporting is used as the study's dependent variable and was regressed using audit fees alongside Audit tenure. In contrast, the firm size is an independent variable using the standard least regression method (OLS) to test the hypothesis. The study's outcomes indicated that audit fee has a positive and significant relationship with financial reporting quality, while audit tenure also has a positive but insignificant relationship with financial reporting quality, Firm size, is only significantly associated with financial reporting quality. The study found that the higher audit fees have the likelihood of compromising auditors' independence, thereby leading to lower financial reporting quality. The study recommend that regulators of the audit practice to establish measures that can be used to regulates and monitor the pricing process of the audit so that to ensure a balance that would eliminate overcharging and or under-charging of the audit fees which evidence reveals could impair the independence of the auditor, thereby impact financial reporting quality of an entity.