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Papers by Gregory Schwartz
Sociology, 2014
Why talk about the global economic crisis today? The topic no longer seems as relevant or fresh a... more Why talk about the global economic crisis today? The topic no longer seems as relevant or fresh as it did two years ago when we issued the call for papers. At that time, the events following the implosion of Lehman Brothers in 2008 seemed to be at the centre of everyday and media discourse: we heard it on the radio, saw it on television, read it in the printed media and spoke about it in public and private places. Our imaginaries and experiences seemed to be saturated by the global economic crisis. The global economic crisis informed or structured discussions about political interventions, bailouts, quantitative easing, the nationalization of financial institutions, and austerity programmes. The emergence of the Indignados in Spain, the public sector workers' protests in Greece, the London Riots, the Occupy Movement, the Arab Spring and the mass demonstrations in Russia and Turkey were often read through the prism of, or shared a common destiny with, the unfolding crisis. Does the decentring of the global economic crisis from public and media attention imply that the crisis is over, or should we understand both the existence and the effects of subsequent events and developments as ongoing expressions of the crisis? These events and developments have included a shift in the dominant discourse from 'crisis' to
Occupy, Resist, Produce! Social Movements and the Institutionalization of New Practices
In this paper we discus the role of social movements in re-codifying the institutions and meaning... more In this paper we discus the role of social movements in re-codifying the institutions and meaning of work by focusing on the widespread takeovers and recovery of enterprises by their workers in Argentina during the first decade of 2000. Drawing on literature in social movements and organisation theory on the efficaciousness of movements in bringing about social or political change via narrative, dialogue, interpretation, discourse and ideology, we consider how discursive practices are an aspect of the (changing) subjectivity of workers. Based on archival research and multi-sited longitudinal fieldwork in Argentina during the decade, we show how, through a set of events a space was opened up in the discursive field that allowed the workers to re-articulate the social order within which work was conceptualised to incorporate ‘autonomy’ as the hallmark of its meaning structure.
Mobilizing, framing, and configuring fields: institutional consequences of factory occupations in Argentina, 1997-2006
R&D Management, 2019
This conceptual paper traces the origins and progress of Open Science and proposes its generative... more This conceptual paper traces the origins and progress of Open Science and proposes its generative coupling to Open Innovation in the contemporary socio-political context; where universities are re-imaging their civic missions in the face of anti-establishment populist politics. This setting is one of changing knowledge production regimes and institutional pressures that create contradictions identifiable through the prism of the series of scientific norms conceptualised by Robert K. Merton. This paper privileges a sociological perspective to proffer scientific knowledge production as a societally embedded process, which is well illustrated by scholarship in the Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Science in Society fields. In doing so, it identifies the co-evolution, coexistence and co-production of Open Science with Open Innovation; and notes how it shares the attributes of other recent diagnoses of changing knowledge production regimes; in particular Mode 2, postnormal science and the Quadruple Helix. It also argues that Open Science can be coupled with Open Innovation to catalyse positive societal change, but that the rise of a populist post-truth era opposed to objectivity, expertise and technocratic political solutions gives the demand for openness and participation a different complexion. Merton's norms provide a useful lens to observe recent shifts in the delivery of science, knowledge and innovation in society towards more inclusive, ethical and sustainable outcomes; and expose the limited reflection on how the appropriation and exploitation of open scientific knowledge encounters industrial R&D and Open Innovation.
Collective Memory and the Re(dis)covery of Class in Post-Soviet Work Organisations
Change in Putin's Russia: Power, Money and People20121Pirani, S.. Change in Putin's Russia: Power, Money and People. London: Pluto Press 2010. 240 pp., ISBN: 978‐0‐7453‐2690‐0 (Paperback) £16.00; 978‐0‐7453‐2691‐7 (Hardback) £54.00
Critical perspectives on international business
Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe
Critical Perspectives on International Business, 2012
Europe-Asia Studies, 2003
The International Journal of Human …, 2006
The ‘transition’ from state socialism in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, and the subs... more The ‘transition’ from state socialism in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, and the substantial economic reforms in China, are two of the most significant economic and social processes in recent history. However, despite a growing literature dealing with management in post-socialist societies, there have been few attempts to establish a paradigmatic overview of the underlying causes and drivers of the transformation processes. In this paper we lay out a framework for understanding the emerging dynamics of management and organization in post-socialist societies. In doing so, we employ three related levels of analysis relating to: 1) the broader political economy in which nations and companies are located within the global hierarchy; 2) the different national level institutions that give form to the nature of management restructuring; and 3) the social relations of production at the level of the workplace, which determine the forms of labour management. Central to our argument is the view that the emerging forms of management, while differing according to the distinct terms and conditions under which they are integrated into the world economy and the institutional means by which they meet the challenges and opportunities offered by the world market, are tending towards the subordination of the work systems to the neoliberal form of world capitalism. In particular, this entails the establishment of the most benign environment possible for the expansion of capital, entailing the augmentation of managerial prerogative and ‘low-road’ employment practices.
Industrial Relations Journal, 2004
The present paper tries to fill an important gap in our understanding of the specific nature of w... more The present paper tries to fill an important gap in our understanding of the specific nature of wage and employment differentiation in Russia during the period of transition. By presenting evidence from case studies at Russian industrial enterprises the account examines the role played by hierarchies in production, specifically the dynamics of core/periphery workforce segmentation, in helping to explain how the present economic conditions have acted to re-entrench specific forms of inequality. Exploring the processes of decision-making regarding employment, work and pay allocation, and promotion the paper will conclude with some central inferences as to why workforce segmentation is seen as an important means of obtaining control over labour.
The Factory and the City: Enterprise Restructuring and Welfare Benefits in Russia
British Association of Slavonic and East European …, 2002
The Russian labour market: between transition and turmoil [review]
Industrial Relations Journal, 2004
Articles, Papers & Book Chapters by Gregory Schwartz
R&D Management, 2019
This conceptual paper traces the origins and progress of Open Science and proposes its generative... more This conceptual paper traces the origins and progress of Open Science and proposes its generative coupling to Open Innovation in the contemporary socio-political context; where universities are re-imaging their civic missions in the face of anti-establishment populist politics. This setting is one of changing knowledge production regimes and institutional pressures that create contradictions identifiable through the prism of the series of scientific norms conceptualised by Robert K. Merton. This paper privileges a sociological perspective to proffer scientific knowledge production as a societally embedded process, which is well illustrated by scholarship in the Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Science in Society fields. In doing so, it identifies the co-evolution, coexistence and co-production of Open Science with Open Innovation; and notes how it shares the attributes of other recent diagnoses of changing knowledge production regimes; in particular Mode 2, post-normal science and the Quadruple Helix. It also argues that Open Science can be coupled with Open Innovation to catalyse positive societal change, but that the rise of a populist post-truth era opposed to objectivity, expertise and technocratic political solutions gives the demand for openness and participation a different complexion. Merton's norms provide a useful lens to observe recent shifts in the delivery of science, knowledge and innovation in society towards more inclusive, ethical and sustainable outcomes; and expose the limited reflection on how the appropriation and exploitation of open scientific knowledge encounters industrial R&D and Open Innovation.
Sociology, 2014
Why talk about the global economic crisis today? The topic no longer seems as relevant or fresh a... more Why talk about the global economic crisis today? The topic no longer seems as relevant or fresh as it did two years ago when we issued the call for papers. At that time, the events following the implosion of Lehman Brothers in 2008 seemed to be at the centre of everyday and media discourse: we heard it on the radio, saw it on television, read it in the printed media and spoke about it in public and private places. Our imaginaries and experiences seemed to be saturated by the global economic crisis. The global economic crisis informed or structured discussions about political interventions, bailouts, quantitative easing, the nationalization of financial institutions, and austerity programmes. The emergence of the Indignados in Spain, the public sector workers' protests in Greece, the London Riots, the Occupy Movement, the Arab Spring and the mass demonstrations in Russia and Turkey were often read through the prism of, or shared a common destiny with, the unfolding crisis. Does the decentring of the global economic crisis from public and media attention imply that the crisis is over, or should we understand both the existence and the effects of subsequent events and developments as ongoing expressions of the crisis? These events and developments have included a shift in the dominant discourse from 'crisis' to
Occupy, Resist, Produce! Social Movements and the Institutionalization of New Practices
In this paper we discus the role of social movements in re-codifying the institutions and meaning... more In this paper we discus the role of social movements in re-codifying the institutions and meaning of work by focusing on the widespread takeovers and recovery of enterprises by their workers in Argentina during the first decade of 2000. Drawing on literature in social movements and organisation theory on the efficaciousness of movements in bringing about social or political change via narrative, dialogue, interpretation, discourse and ideology, we consider how discursive practices are an aspect of the (changing) subjectivity of workers. Based on archival research and multi-sited longitudinal fieldwork in Argentina during the decade, we show how, through a set of events a space was opened up in the discursive field that allowed the workers to re-articulate the social order within which work was conceptualised to incorporate ‘autonomy’ as the hallmark of its meaning structure.
Mobilizing, framing, and configuring fields: institutional consequences of factory occupations in Argentina, 1997-2006
R&D Management, 2019
This conceptual paper traces the origins and progress of Open Science and proposes its generative... more This conceptual paper traces the origins and progress of Open Science and proposes its generative coupling to Open Innovation in the contemporary socio-political context; where universities are re-imaging their civic missions in the face of anti-establishment populist politics. This setting is one of changing knowledge production regimes and institutional pressures that create contradictions identifiable through the prism of the series of scientific norms conceptualised by Robert K. Merton. This paper privileges a sociological perspective to proffer scientific knowledge production as a societally embedded process, which is well illustrated by scholarship in the Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Science in Society fields. In doing so, it identifies the co-evolution, coexistence and co-production of Open Science with Open Innovation; and notes how it shares the attributes of other recent diagnoses of changing knowledge production regimes; in particular Mode 2, postnormal science and the Quadruple Helix. It also argues that Open Science can be coupled with Open Innovation to catalyse positive societal change, but that the rise of a populist post-truth era opposed to objectivity, expertise and technocratic political solutions gives the demand for openness and participation a different complexion. Merton's norms provide a useful lens to observe recent shifts in the delivery of science, knowledge and innovation in society towards more inclusive, ethical and sustainable outcomes; and expose the limited reflection on how the appropriation and exploitation of open scientific knowledge encounters industrial R&D and Open Innovation.
Collective Memory and the Re(dis)covery of Class in Post-Soviet Work Organisations
Change in Putin's Russia: Power, Money and People20121Pirani, S.. Change in Putin's Russia: Power, Money and People. London: Pluto Press 2010. 240 pp., ISBN: 978‐0‐7453‐2690‐0 (Paperback) £16.00; 978‐0‐7453‐2691‐7 (Hardback) £54.00
Critical perspectives on international business
Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe
Critical Perspectives on International Business, 2012
Europe-Asia Studies, 2003
The International Journal of Human …, 2006
The ‘transition’ from state socialism in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, and the subs... more The ‘transition’ from state socialism in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, and the substantial economic reforms in China, are two of the most significant economic and social processes in recent history. However, despite a growing literature dealing with management in post-socialist societies, there have been few attempts to establish a paradigmatic overview of the underlying causes and drivers of the transformation processes. In this paper we lay out a framework for understanding the emerging dynamics of management and organization in post-socialist societies. In doing so, we employ three related levels of analysis relating to: 1) the broader political economy in which nations and companies are located within the global hierarchy; 2) the different national level institutions that give form to the nature of management restructuring; and 3) the social relations of production at the level of the workplace, which determine the forms of labour management. Central to our argument is the view that the emerging forms of management, while differing according to the distinct terms and conditions under which they are integrated into the world economy and the institutional means by which they meet the challenges and opportunities offered by the world market, are tending towards the subordination of the work systems to the neoliberal form of world capitalism. In particular, this entails the establishment of the most benign environment possible for the expansion of capital, entailing the augmentation of managerial prerogative and ‘low-road’ employment practices.
Industrial Relations Journal, 2004
The present paper tries to fill an important gap in our understanding of the specific nature of w... more The present paper tries to fill an important gap in our understanding of the specific nature of wage and employment differentiation in Russia during the period of transition. By presenting evidence from case studies at Russian industrial enterprises the account examines the role played by hierarchies in production, specifically the dynamics of core/periphery workforce segmentation, in helping to explain how the present economic conditions have acted to re-entrench specific forms of inequality. Exploring the processes of decision-making regarding employment, work and pay allocation, and promotion the paper will conclude with some central inferences as to why workforce segmentation is seen as an important means of obtaining control over labour.
The Factory and the City: Enterprise Restructuring and Welfare Benefits in Russia
British Association of Slavonic and East European …, 2002
The Russian labour market: between transition and turmoil [review]
Industrial Relations Journal, 2004
R&D Management, 2019
This conceptual paper traces the origins and progress of Open Science and proposes its generative... more This conceptual paper traces the origins and progress of Open Science and proposes its generative coupling to Open Innovation in the contemporary socio-political context; where universities are re-imaging their civic missions in the face of anti-establishment populist politics. This setting is one of changing knowledge production regimes and institutional pressures that create contradictions identifiable through the prism of the series of scientific norms conceptualised by Robert K. Merton. This paper privileges a sociological perspective to proffer scientific knowledge production as a societally embedded process, which is well illustrated by scholarship in the Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Science in Society fields. In doing so, it identifies the co-evolution, coexistence and co-production of Open Science with Open Innovation; and notes how it shares the attributes of other recent diagnoses of changing knowledge production regimes; in particular Mode 2, post-normal science and the Quadruple Helix. It also argues that Open Science can be coupled with Open Innovation to catalyse positive societal change, but that the rise of a populist post-truth era opposed to objectivity, expertise and technocratic political solutions gives the demand for openness and participation a different complexion. Merton's norms provide a useful lens to observe recent shifts in the delivery of science, knowledge and innovation in society towards more inclusive, ethical and sustainable outcomes; and expose the limited reflection on how the appropriation and exploitation of open scientific knowledge encounters industrial R&D and Open Innovation.