Farkas Márton Tóth | Budapest History Museum (www.btm.hu) (original) (raw)
Papers by Farkas Márton Tóth
A research team of the Institute of Archaeological Sciences of the Eötvös Loránd University conti... more A research team of the Institute of Archaeological Sciences of the Eötvös Loránd University continued the fieldwork between 1 September 2022 and 31 December 2023 on two Early and Middle Iron Age sites, Dédestapolcsány-Verebce-bérc and Dédestapolcsány-Várerdő, in the frame of a project investigating Early Iron Age crises. New excavation trenches were opened at the fortified settlement in the north of the Bükk Mountains (Northern Hungary). One was an extension of a trench opened in 2022, where remains of a burnt house had been identified. Metal detector surveys recovered some new fascinating stray metal finds (e.g., an akinakes, battle axes, and the bronze protective sheath of a sword) and new assemblages (iron tool deposits and a hoard of gold jewellery and amber beads). Eleven more graves were excavated in the cemetery (Várerdő) north of the coeval settlement. The most interesting grave was the burial of an adult man with rich grave goods such as an ironworking toolkit, pottery, and other items.
During the archaeological excavation and monitoring preceding the construction of the new sports ... more During the archaeological excavation and monitoring preceding the construction of the new sports hall at Nr. 86 Pesti Road in the District 17 of Budapest the remains of a settlement of the Scythian Period Vekerzug Culture (besides those of other periods) were found on the southern flood-free bank of the Rákos Stream. In addition to the description of the settlement phenomena and the finds associated with them, the paper presents Middle Iron Age pintaderas from the collection of the Prehistoric Collection of the Budapest History Museum as analogies to the clay stamp considered one of the key findings. Of the more than two dozen Early and Middle Iron Age sites currently known in Budapest, thirteen can be assigned to the Vekerzug Culture. About half of these are small or large settlements, located in the area of the capital, mainly by the left bank tributaries (along the Szilas and Rákos Streams), but also in the wider coastal zone of the Danube.
The small number of Scythian Period artefacts found on Pesti Road are fragments of mainly hand-shaped and some wheel-thrown vessels (bowls with vertical or inverted rim, barrel-shaped pots, biconical cups with high-swung handles, and urn-shaped vessels). In terms of production technique, shape, and decoration, they fit in well with the classical Vekerzug-style pottery finds from of 6th–5th-century BC settlements. The tcast bronze trilobate arrowhead with a pentagonal cross-section and an inner socket is also typical of the classical Vekerzug Period.
Together with the new find from Pesti Road, the Prehistoric Collection of the Budapest History Museum holds four Middle Iron Age clay stamps. Two of these come from Vekerzug sites (Nr. 86 Pesti Road, Rákospalota–Újmajor), one from a settlement of the Hallstatt Culture in Transdanubia (Csúcshegy–Harsánylejtő), and one from a burial site of the late Vekerzug Period (Nr. 42 Mogyoródi Road). The analogies to the type, typical of the Carpathian Basin, can be traced as far as the Caucasus, while a few specimens are also known from the north-western Black Sea region.
The Budapest History Museum conducted excavations under 2 Fő Street in Budapest, a p... more The Budapest History Museum conducted excavations under 2 Fő Street in Budapest, a plot between the Buda Castle Hill and the Danube, at the northwestern corner of Clark Ádám Square. Following a campaign by Judit Benda in 2013, Farkas Márton Tóth and his team excavated the rest of the layers in 2016. István Viczián and his colleagues reconstructed the landscape evolution of the area.The site lies at the foot of Castle Hill’s eastern slope, on top of an elevation emerging from the Danube’s floodplain. Although Neolithic and Late Copper Age finds have also been found, the area was permanently inhabited only in the second halves of the Early (EBA) and Middle Bronze Ages (MBA), respectively, and the Late Iron Age (La Tène D phase). It was used as a cemetery during the Roman Period, while in the Middle Ages and the Ottoman Period, people settled here again.The high floodplain underwent major changes during prehistoric times, becoming less and less exposed to floods. Thus the conditions for settling improved significantly over time. The Danube’s low-lying proximal floodplain in the Middle Neolithic gradually transformed into an elevated, flood-free high floodplain by the end of the MBA. The examined sedimentary succession is composed of the Danube’s alluvium, Castle Hill’s colluvium, and products of soil formation processes. The proportion of alluvial sediments decreased over time. In the Atlantic period (i. e., the Neolithic and most of the Copper Age), overbank alluvial sedi-ments dominated the deposits. In the following Subboreal phase (Bronze Age), the proportion of colluvium increased gradually and significantly. The area was an almost intact floodplain in the Early Bronze Age and around the start of the MBA, which provided favourable conditions for natural soil development. In the MBA, sedimentation has accelerated ten- to twenty-fold. This sediment was primarily colluvial, indi-cating an increased sheet erosion on the hillsides due to more intensive land use (forest clearing, pastoral and agricultural activity, settlements), which reduced vegetation cover and resulted in soil degradation and increased runoff. MBA settlers and wetter climatic conditions also contributed to this process. After the area depopulated around the end of the MBA, the vegetation cover on the slopes recovered. The building up and level rising of the floodplain surface practically stopped, and the subsequent cultures used the surface that was formed until that time.
Mocsárosdűlő is a flatland in the District III of Budapest, in the middle of the Óbuda Bay, borde... more Mocsárosdűlő is a flatland in the District III of Budapest, in the middle of the Óbuda Bay, bordered by the Pilis Mountains, the Buda Hills, and the last remnants of the Óbuda Danube, a filled-up Old Holocene river branch, and its floodplain. In recent years, joint archaeological and geological research has been carried out there; the discovered sites played a key role in the reconstruction of the area’s history. In addition to excavations, we have carried out a geomorphological investigation of the wider area. The research included geophysical and geochemical analyses, OSL and radiocarbon dating, and a detailed topographic analysis of the collected data. Based on our archaeological-topographic and geomorphological investigations, Mocsárosdűlő and its surroundings were suitable for settlement in every historical period. The population of the early Linear Pottery culture probably found the Óbuda Danube a still flowing branch that gradually filled up later, and established their settlements on higher, flood-free areas. Most Early and Middle Copper Age find assemblages discovered in the area cannot be regarded as markers of an inhabitation related directly to the prehistoric river branch (at that time, a floodplain), except for a few Protoboleráz settlements west of Mocsárosdűlő, an era when the former river branch was almost completely filled. From that phase on, it was probably primarily exploited as a lake. The Bronze- and Iron-Age settlers probably met with similar conditions in the area, although the size and depth of the free water surface started to decrease around 3000 BC, most probably due to a gradual incision of the Danube's main branch, which caused a lowering of the water level and a eutrophication and slow filling-up of the backwaters. Intensive land use caused an increased amount of sediment settling in the basin, and resulted in a complete filling up and siltation of the area after the Iron Age.
Hungarian Archaeology 2018/Winter, 2018
The Roman Period ruins of Aquincum, still visible in many places, are the first to come to mind w... more The Roman Period ruins of Aquincum, still visible in many places, are the first to come to mind when thinking about archaeological remains in the 3rd district of the capital, i.e., Óbuda. Besides these, sites of numerous archaeological cultures from every major historical period are known in this quite varied and diverse landscape. The settlements in most of the cases form clusters in geographical locations providing the most favorable conditions for inhabitation, thus creating archaeological sites where the records of individual periods are often found layered atop one another. The archaeological excavations and monitoring work on these sites, carried out during the past years by the Budapest History Museum, were in several cases completed by interdisciplinary, environmental archaeological examinations either as part of the excavations or in independent projects. In our brief report we would like to present the latest results of our research performed on three multilayer prehistoric sites in Óbuda.
Magyar Régészet 2018/Tél, 2018
A főváros III. kerülete, vagyis Óbuda területének régészeti emlékei kapcsán elsőként Aquincum sok... more A főváros III. kerülete, vagyis Óbuda területének régészeti emlékei kapcsán elsőként Aquincum sok helyen ma is látható római kori romjai juthatnak eszünkbe. A földrajzi szempontból igen sokszínű és változatos tájban ugyanakkor az őskor minden nagyobb időszakából számos régészeti kultúrához köthető lelőhelyet ismerünk. Ezek legtöbb esetben a földrajzi helyzetük alapján a legkedvezőbb megtelepedési feltételeket biztosító helyeken csoportosulnak, olyan lelőhelyegyütteseket létrehozva, melyek feltárásakor az egyes korszakok eltemetett emlékei gyakran egymásra rétegződve kerülnek elő. Kutatásuk a Budapesti Történeti Múzeum elmúlt években végzett régészeti feltárásai és megfigyelései révén intenzíven zajlott; ezek több esetben a feltárásokhoz kapcsolódó vagy önálló interdiszciplináris környezetrégészeti vizsgálatokkal is kiegészültek. Rövid beszámolónkban három óbudai, több korszakú őskori lelőhelyen végzett kutatásunk friss eredményeit kívánjuk bemutatni (1. kép).
Határtalan régészet 2019/3 Ősz, 2019
Fragmenty Času Venované Elene Miroššayovej k 70. narodeninám Študijné zvesti archeologického ústavu saV – supplementum 1, 2019, 475–491, 2019
During the past decade two new middle Iron age sites were discovered in the Danube’s right bank a... more During the past decade two new middle Iron age sites were discovered in the Danube’s right bank area in Budapest. Both Békásmegyer-Északi városkapu and nagytétény-tétényliget are only partially excavated; their material can be dated roughly to the Ha D phase, i.e. to the 6th–5th centuries BC, approximately. Despite being located on the eastern periphery of the transdanubian Hallstatt culture’s distribution area, the main characteristics of their archaeological record link them with the scythian Period populations of the great Hungarian Plain and the Pest Plain in the first place. this is a well known and well-studied phenomenon: scythian type finds frequently appear in transdanubian
sites, especially in the Danube elbow area. Currently 19 sites, dated to the early and middle Iron ages, are known from the territory of Budapest. the inhabitation of the eastern, Pest side is of homogenous scythian character, while on the western, Buda side the settlements of the Hallstatt culture and the sites – mainly burials or cemeteries – of the Vekerzug culture appear side by side.
Hungarian Archaeology, 2020
As archaeologists of the Budapest History Museum, we conducted a rescue excavation connected to t... more As archaeologists of the Budapest History Museum, we conducted a rescue excavation connected to the Graphisoft Park extension project between September and mid-December in 2019, and from the end of March to mid-August in 2020, by the Danube in Óbuda (Old Buda), near Aquincum, in District 3 of Budapest. The excavation uncovered parts of a complex, multi-period, and, in some places, multi-layer site. Although it had been known and researched for a long time, the site still had many exciting, unforeseen surprises.
Magyar Régészet, 2020
Budapest III. kerületében, a Graphisoft Park bővítése kapcsán a Budapesti Történeti Múzeum részér... more Budapest III. kerületében, a Graphisoft Park bővítése kapcsán a Budapesti Történeti Múzeum részéről folytattunk megelőző feltárásokat 2019 szeptemberétől december közepéig, majd 2020 március végétől augusztus közepéig, az óbudai Duna-part Aquincumhoz közeli részén. Az ásatások során egy összetett, többkorszakú, helyenként többrétegű lelőhely részletei bontakoztak ki, amely bár régóta ismert és kutatott, így is bőven tartogatott izgalmas, előre nem látott meglepetéseket.
Scythian Period arrowheads in the collection of the Budapest History Museum
Aquincumi Füzetek 23. Excavations at the Budapest History Museum in 2016
Animal head shaped strap distributor from the Early Scythian Period from the vicinity of Nagyszénás
The multi-period site of Dédestapolcsány – Verebce-tető, located in the Bükk Mountains in Norther... more The multi-period site of Dédestapolcsány – Verebce-tető, located in the Bükk Mountains in Northern Hungary is known for a hillfort of 123 hectares, dated by topographical and fi eld surveys to the Late Bronze Age Kyjatice Culture. By some metal objects the Late Iron Age La Tène culture is also present on the site. In 2008 four cremation burials, dated to the Scythian Age were unearthed at the northwestern part of the site by a team of the Eötvös Loránd University (Budapest). At the same time 234 Early Scythian type bronze arrowheads were found in the body of the earthwork closing the fortifi ed settlement from the south. In 2011 another campaign resulted in the excavation of 11 more Scythian Age burials near the previous ones.The unearthed part of the cemetery can be dated to the Early Scythian period between the second half of the 7th and the fi rst half of the 6th century BC, referring roughly to the transition era of the hallstatt C2/D1 phases. The personal ornaments and other grave goods as well as the funerary rite indicate an extended contact system with the Subcarpathian and Middle Dniester Regions, Transylvania and the Transdanubian Hallstatt Culture, as well as a strong presence of local Late Bronze Age traditions in the material culture.
A re-visited chapter of Budapest’s past. The re-assessment of the prehistoric finds from Csepel-S... more A re-visited chapter of Budapest’s past. The re-assessment of the prehistoric finds from Csepel-Szabadkikötő and the perspectives in urban archaeological topography
![Research paper thumbnail of Ősrégészeti Levelek / Prehistoric Newsletter 10 (2008 [2009])](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40233575/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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In 2010 a Scythian type zoomorphic antler cheekpiece was found in the Middle Tisza Region. Analys... more In 2010 a Scythian type zoomorphic antler cheekpiece was found in the Middle Tisza Region. Analysing of this find, the present study focuses on the bone and antler cheekpieces of the Scythian Age, which appear relatively rarely in the Carpathian Basin. A survey of the find’s analogies is followed by a delineation of the type’s development and of its relations with the contemporary iron variants, enlisting finds not only from the close area but from the steppe and forest steppe regions as well. The analysis of the appearing wearmarks provides relevant data for the reconstruction of the coeval horse harnesses, while the study of the find’s stylistic marks adds new information to the current picture of the character and intensity of connections between the steppe and forest steppe regions and the Carpathian Basin during the Scythian Age.
A Magyar Régészet 2014. tavaszi számában a kiemelkedő méretű dédesi magaslati település (1. kép) ... more A Magyar Régészet 2014. tavaszi számában a kiemelkedő méretű dédesi magaslati település (1. kép) korábbi kutatásának történetét és az erődítés déli lezárását jelentő, Vaskapu nevű sáncrész fémkeresős átvizsgálásának eredményeit mutattuk be. Az ott azonosított 234 nyílhegy pozíciója alapján egy, a Kr. e. 7. század vége felé lefolyt fegyveres konfliktus rekonstruálható, ami a légvonalban kb. 230 km-re található szlovákiai Szomolány/Smolenice -Molpír erődítésénél ugyanebben az időszakban bekövetkezett, hasonló támadással állítható párhuzamba. ÚJ TOPOGRÁFIAI EREDMÉNYEK A DÉDESTAPOLCSÁNYI VEREBCE-TETŐ KUTATÁSÁBAN II. A vaskori magaslati település és a temetkezések, valamint a környező területek topográfiai kutatásának eredményei Czajlik zoltán, Reményi lászló, tóth FaRkas máRton ONLINE MAGAZIN • 2014 ŐSZ MAGYAR RÉGÉSZET www.magyarregeszet.hu 1. kép: A dédesi magaslati település a Bán-patak völgyéből (fotó: V. Szabó Gábor)
A research team of the Institute of Archaeological Sciences of the Eötvös Loránd University conti... more A research team of the Institute of Archaeological Sciences of the Eötvös Loránd University continued the fieldwork between 1 September 2022 and 31 December 2023 on two Early and Middle Iron Age sites, Dédestapolcsány-Verebce-bérc and Dédestapolcsány-Várerdő, in the frame of a project investigating Early Iron Age crises. New excavation trenches were opened at the fortified settlement in the north of the Bükk Mountains (Northern Hungary). One was an extension of a trench opened in 2022, where remains of a burnt house had been identified. Metal detector surveys recovered some new fascinating stray metal finds (e.g., an akinakes, battle axes, and the bronze protective sheath of a sword) and new assemblages (iron tool deposits and a hoard of gold jewellery and amber beads). Eleven more graves were excavated in the cemetery (Várerdő) north of the coeval settlement. The most interesting grave was the burial of an adult man with rich grave goods such as an ironworking toolkit, pottery, and other items.
During the archaeological excavation and monitoring preceding the construction of the new sports ... more During the archaeological excavation and monitoring preceding the construction of the new sports hall at Nr. 86 Pesti Road in the District 17 of Budapest the remains of a settlement of the Scythian Period Vekerzug Culture (besides those of other periods) were found on the southern flood-free bank of the Rákos Stream. In addition to the description of the settlement phenomena and the finds associated with them, the paper presents Middle Iron Age pintaderas from the collection of the Prehistoric Collection of the Budapest History Museum as analogies to the clay stamp considered one of the key findings. Of the more than two dozen Early and Middle Iron Age sites currently known in Budapest, thirteen can be assigned to the Vekerzug Culture. About half of these are small or large settlements, located in the area of the capital, mainly by the left bank tributaries (along the Szilas and Rákos Streams), but also in the wider coastal zone of the Danube.
The small number of Scythian Period artefacts found on Pesti Road are fragments of mainly hand-shaped and some wheel-thrown vessels (bowls with vertical or inverted rim, barrel-shaped pots, biconical cups with high-swung handles, and urn-shaped vessels). In terms of production technique, shape, and decoration, they fit in well with the classical Vekerzug-style pottery finds from of 6th–5th-century BC settlements. The tcast bronze trilobate arrowhead with a pentagonal cross-section and an inner socket is also typical of the classical Vekerzug Period.
Together with the new find from Pesti Road, the Prehistoric Collection of the Budapest History Museum holds four Middle Iron Age clay stamps. Two of these come from Vekerzug sites (Nr. 86 Pesti Road, Rákospalota–Újmajor), one from a settlement of the Hallstatt Culture in Transdanubia (Csúcshegy–Harsánylejtő), and one from a burial site of the late Vekerzug Period (Nr. 42 Mogyoródi Road). The analogies to the type, typical of the Carpathian Basin, can be traced as far as the Caucasus, while a few specimens are also known from the north-western Black Sea region.
The Budapest History Museum conducted excavations under 2 Fő Street in Budapest, a p... more The Budapest History Museum conducted excavations under 2 Fő Street in Budapest, a plot between the Buda Castle Hill and the Danube, at the northwestern corner of Clark Ádám Square. Following a campaign by Judit Benda in 2013, Farkas Márton Tóth and his team excavated the rest of the layers in 2016. István Viczián and his colleagues reconstructed the landscape evolution of the area.The site lies at the foot of Castle Hill’s eastern slope, on top of an elevation emerging from the Danube’s floodplain. Although Neolithic and Late Copper Age finds have also been found, the area was permanently inhabited only in the second halves of the Early (EBA) and Middle Bronze Ages (MBA), respectively, and the Late Iron Age (La Tène D phase). It was used as a cemetery during the Roman Period, while in the Middle Ages and the Ottoman Period, people settled here again.The high floodplain underwent major changes during prehistoric times, becoming less and less exposed to floods. Thus the conditions for settling improved significantly over time. The Danube’s low-lying proximal floodplain in the Middle Neolithic gradually transformed into an elevated, flood-free high floodplain by the end of the MBA. The examined sedimentary succession is composed of the Danube’s alluvium, Castle Hill’s colluvium, and products of soil formation processes. The proportion of alluvial sediments decreased over time. In the Atlantic period (i. e., the Neolithic and most of the Copper Age), overbank alluvial sedi-ments dominated the deposits. In the following Subboreal phase (Bronze Age), the proportion of colluvium increased gradually and significantly. The area was an almost intact floodplain in the Early Bronze Age and around the start of the MBA, which provided favourable conditions for natural soil development. In the MBA, sedimentation has accelerated ten- to twenty-fold. This sediment was primarily colluvial, indi-cating an increased sheet erosion on the hillsides due to more intensive land use (forest clearing, pastoral and agricultural activity, settlements), which reduced vegetation cover and resulted in soil degradation and increased runoff. MBA settlers and wetter climatic conditions also contributed to this process. After the area depopulated around the end of the MBA, the vegetation cover on the slopes recovered. The building up and level rising of the floodplain surface practically stopped, and the subsequent cultures used the surface that was formed until that time.
Mocsárosdűlő is a flatland in the District III of Budapest, in the middle of the Óbuda Bay, borde... more Mocsárosdűlő is a flatland in the District III of Budapest, in the middle of the Óbuda Bay, bordered by the Pilis Mountains, the Buda Hills, and the last remnants of the Óbuda Danube, a filled-up Old Holocene river branch, and its floodplain. In recent years, joint archaeological and geological research has been carried out there; the discovered sites played a key role in the reconstruction of the area’s history. In addition to excavations, we have carried out a geomorphological investigation of the wider area. The research included geophysical and geochemical analyses, OSL and radiocarbon dating, and a detailed topographic analysis of the collected data. Based on our archaeological-topographic and geomorphological investigations, Mocsárosdűlő and its surroundings were suitable for settlement in every historical period. The population of the early Linear Pottery culture probably found the Óbuda Danube a still flowing branch that gradually filled up later, and established their settlements on higher, flood-free areas. Most Early and Middle Copper Age find assemblages discovered in the area cannot be regarded as markers of an inhabitation related directly to the prehistoric river branch (at that time, a floodplain), except for a few Protoboleráz settlements west of Mocsárosdűlő, an era when the former river branch was almost completely filled. From that phase on, it was probably primarily exploited as a lake. The Bronze- and Iron-Age settlers probably met with similar conditions in the area, although the size and depth of the free water surface started to decrease around 3000 BC, most probably due to a gradual incision of the Danube's main branch, which caused a lowering of the water level and a eutrophication and slow filling-up of the backwaters. Intensive land use caused an increased amount of sediment settling in the basin, and resulted in a complete filling up and siltation of the area after the Iron Age.
Hungarian Archaeology 2018/Winter, 2018
The Roman Period ruins of Aquincum, still visible in many places, are the first to come to mind w... more The Roman Period ruins of Aquincum, still visible in many places, are the first to come to mind when thinking about archaeological remains in the 3rd district of the capital, i.e., Óbuda. Besides these, sites of numerous archaeological cultures from every major historical period are known in this quite varied and diverse landscape. The settlements in most of the cases form clusters in geographical locations providing the most favorable conditions for inhabitation, thus creating archaeological sites where the records of individual periods are often found layered atop one another. The archaeological excavations and monitoring work on these sites, carried out during the past years by the Budapest History Museum, were in several cases completed by interdisciplinary, environmental archaeological examinations either as part of the excavations or in independent projects. In our brief report we would like to present the latest results of our research performed on three multilayer prehistoric sites in Óbuda.
Magyar Régészet 2018/Tél, 2018
A főváros III. kerülete, vagyis Óbuda területének régészeti emlékei kapcsán elsőként Aquincum sok... more A főváros III. kerülete, vagyis Óbuda területének régészeti emlékei kapcsán elsőként Aquincum sok helyen ma is látható római kori romjai juthatnak eszünkbe. A földrajzi szempontból igen sokszínű és változatos tájban ugyanakkor az őskor minden nagyobb időszakából számos régészeti kultúrához köthető lelőhelyet ismerünk. Ezek legtöbb esetben a földrajzi helyzetük alapján a legkedvezőbb megtelepedési feltételeket biztosító helyeken csoportosulnak, olyan lelőhelyegyütteseket létrehozva, melyek feltárásakor az egyes korszakok eltemetett emlékei gyakran egymásra rétegződve kerülnek elő. Kutatásuk a Budapesti Történeti Múzeum elmúlt években végzett régészeti feltárásai és megfigyelései révén intenzíven zajlott; ezek több esetben a feltárásokhoz kapcsolódó vagy önálló interdiszciplináris környezetrégészeti vizsgálatokkal is kiegészültek. Rövid beszámolónkban három óbudai, több korszakú őskori lelőhelyen végzett kutatásunk friss eredményeit kívánjuk bemutatni (1. kép).
Határtalan régészet 2019/3 Ősz, 2019
Fragmenty Času Venované Elene Miroššayovej k 70. narodeninám Študijné zvesti archeologického ústavu saV – supplementum 1, 2019, 475–491, 2019
During the past decade two new middle Iron age sites were discovered in the Danube’s right bank a... more During the past decade two new middle Iron age sites were discovered in the Danube’s right bank area in Budapest. Both Békásmegyer-Északi városkapu and nagytétény-tétényliget are only partially excavated; their material can be dated roughly to the Ha D phase, i.e. to the 6th–5th centuries BC, approximately. Despite being located on the eastern periphery of the transdanubian Hallstatt culture’s distribution area, the main characteristics of their archaeological record link them with the scythian Period populations of the great Hungarian Plain and the Pest Plain in the first place. this is a well known and well-studied phenomenon: scythian type finds frequently appear in transdanubian
sites, especially in the Danube elbow area. Currently 19 sites, dated to the early and middle Iron ages, are known from the territory of Budapest. the inhabitation of the eastern, Pest side is of homogenous scythian character, while on the western, Buda side the settlements of the Hallstatt culture and the sites – mainly burials or cemeteries – of the Vekerzug culture appear side by side.
Hungarian Archaeology, 2020
As archaeologists of the Budapest History Museum, we conducted a rescue excavation connected to t... more As archaeologists of the Budapest History Museum, we conducted a rescue excavation connected to the Graphisoft Park extension project between September and mid-December in 2019, and from the end of March to mid-August in 2020, by the Danube in Óbuda (Old Buda), near Aquincum, in District 3 of Budapest. The excavation uncovered parts of a complex, multi-period, and, in some places, multi-layer site. Although it had been known and researched for a long time, the site still had many exciting, unforeseen surprises.
Magyar Régészet, 2020
Budapest III. kerületében, a Graphisoft Park bővítése kapcsán a Budapesti Történeti Múzeum részér... more Budapest III. kerületében, a Graphisoft Park bővítése kapcsán a Budapesti Történeti Múzeum részéről folytattunk megelőző feltárásokat 2019 szeptemberétől december közepéig, majd 2020 március végétől augusztus közepéig, az óbudai Duna-part Aquincumhoz közeli részén. Az ásatások során egy összetett, többkorszakú, helyenként többrétegű lelőhely részletei bontakoztak ki, amely bár régóta ismert és kutatott, így is bőven tartogatott izgalmas, előre nem látott meglepetéseket.
Scythian Period arrowheads in the collection of the Budapest History Museum
Aquincumi Füzetek 23. Excavations at the Budapest History Museum in 2016
Animal head shaped strap distributor from the Early Scythian Period from the vicinity of Nagyszénás
The multi-period site of Dédestapolcsány – Verebce-tető, located in the Bükk Mountains in Norther... more The multi-period site of Dédestapolcsány – Verebce-tető, located in the Bükk Mountains in Northern Hungary is known for a hillfort of 123 hectares, dated by topographical and fi eld surveys to the Late Bronze Age Kyjatice Culture. By some metal objects the Late Iron Age La Tène culture is also present on the site. In 2008 four cremation burials, dated to the Scythian Age were unearthed at the northwestern part of the site by a team of the Eötvös Loránd University (Budapest). At the same time 234 Early Scythian type bronze arrowheads were found in the body of the earthwork closing the fortifi ed settlement from the south. In 2011 another campaign resulted in the excavation of 11 more Scythian Age burials near the previous ones.The unearthed part of the cemetery can be dated to the Early Scythian period between the second half of the 7th and the fi rst half of the 6th century BC, referring roughly to the transition era of the hallstatt C2/D1 phases. The personal ornaments and other grave goods as well as the funerary rite indicate an extended contact system with the Subcarpathian and Middle Dniester Regions, Transylvania and the Transdanubian Hallstatt Culture, as well as a strong presence of local Late Bronze Age traditions in the material culture.
A re-visited chapter of Budapest’s past. The re-assessment of the prehistoric finds from Csepel-S... more A re-visited chapter of Budapest’s past. The re-assessment of the prehistoric finds from Csepel-Szabadkikötő and the perspectives in urban archaeological topography
In 2010 a Scythian type zoomorphic antler cheekpiece was found in the Middle Tisza Region. Analys... more In 2010 a Scythian type zoomorphic antler cheekpiece was found in the Middle Tisza Region. Analysing of this find, the present study focuses on the bone and antler cheekpieces of the Scythian Age, which appear relatively rarely in the Carpathian Basin. A survey of the find’s analogies is followed by a delineation of the type’s development and of its relations with the contemporary iron variants, enlisting finds not only from the close area but from the steppe and forest steppe regions as well. The analysis of the appearing wearmarks provides relevant data for the reconstruction of the coeval horse harnesses, while the study of the find’s stylistic marks adds new information to the current picture of the character and intensity of connections between the steppe and forest steppe regions and the Carpathian Basin during the Scythian Age.
A Magyar Régészet 2014. tavaszi számában a kiemelkedő méretű dédesi magaslati település (1. kép) ... more A Magyar Régészet 2014. tavaszi számában a kiemelkedő méretű dédesi magaslati település (1. kép) korábbi kutatásának történetét és az erődítés déli lezárását jelentő, Vaskapu nevű sáncrész fémkeresős átvizsgálásának eredményeit mutattuk be. Az ott azonosított 234 nyílhegy pozíciója alapján egy, a Kr. e. 7. század vége felé lefolyt fegyveres konfliktus rekonstruálható, ami a légvonalban kb. 230 km-re található szlovákiai Szomolány/Smolenice -Molpír erődítésénél ugyanebben az időszakban bekövetkezett, hasonló támadással állítható párhuzamba. ÚJ TOPOGRÁFIAI EREDMÉNYEK A DÉDESTAPOLCSÁNYI VEREBCE-TETŐ KUTATÁSÁBAN II. A vaskori magaslati település és a temetkezések, valamint a környező területek topográfiai kutatásának eredményei Czajlik zoltán, Reményi lászló, tóth FaRkas máRton ONLINE MAGAZIN • 2014 ŐSZ MAGYAR RÉGÉSZET www.magyarregeszet.hu 1. kép: A dédesi magaslati település a Bán-patak völgyéből (fotó: V. Szabó Gábor)
"Múltbéli utazásunkra indulva képzeljük most el, hogy ahol az aszfaltozott utak, kerítések, lámpa... more "Múltbéli utazásunkra indulva képzeljük most el, hogy ahol az aszfaltozott utak, kerítések, lámpaoszlopok, házak és kertek töltik be látóterünket, ahol a 45-ös busz fordul, ahol a boltba, iskolába, munkába igyekszünk nap, mint nap, ott egykor vad, emberi kéz által még sohasem érintett, a természet erői által formált és benépesített, végtelenséget sugalló táj terül el, amíg a szem ellát."