Dr. Md. Rajibul Islam | Bangladesh University of Business and Technology (BUBT) (original) (raw)

Books by Dr. Md. Rajibul Islam

The parallel algorithm for the simulation of human tumor growth is a new invention at the present... more The parallel algorithm for the simulation of human tumor growth is a new invention at the present time. The tumor cells split too often, without any order and drop the ability to control their growths. In this book, the invention of the early detection of brain tumors growth is presented. The monitoring and visualization of tumor cells growth are based on the large scale mathematical simulation. The tools of partial different equations via multi-dimensional parabolic types are emphases as the computational engine for the future prediction of the cell growth. This study focuses on the implementation of parallel algorithm for the simulation of tumor growth using two dimensional Helmholtz's wave equation on a distributed parallel computing system. The numerical finite-difference method is chosen as a platform for discretizating the wave equations. Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) software is emphasized as communication platform in parallel computer system. The performance of the parallel computing is analyzed. This proposed system will reduce the painful situation of regular diagnosis to the brain tumor patients in early detection stage.

Deformation due to stress and strain that lead to an initiation of crack and then propagates is u... more Deformation due to stress and strain that lead to an initiation of crack and then propagates is usually being modelled satisfactory by using finite element method (FEM). The mathematical model was developed by using the relationship between the forces applied to the individual elements and the nodal displacements. The element stiffness matrix which had been set up earlier can be used to describe the elastic deformation since the numerical FEM is emphasized as a platform for discretization of one- dimensional continua problems where the stress is uniaxial and implemented on parallel algorithm using the distributed parallel computer system. Parallel algorithm is used by Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) software tool to capture the visualization of the overall extension and the stress distribution in a linearly tapered bar of circular section with an end load. The results obtained from the finite element approximation are presented graphically. In this book, the performance measurements of algorithm are presented in terms of speedup, efficiency, effectiveness and temporal performance.

Biometrics, which is sometimes called biometric recognition, refers to the recognition of individ... more Biometrics, which is sometimes called biometric recognition, refers to the recognition of individuals based on their physiological (e.g., fingerprints, face, retina, iris) and/or behavioral (e.g., gait, signature) characteristics. In this book, an explanation is given of the usage of fingerprints from an integrity point of view, how to improve the captured images by enhancement and feature extraction when it is a poor and low resolution fingerprint image, and how to protect templates in order to enhance the security and privacy issue of the entire authentication system. Some problems with current systems have been identified. In order to solve these difficulties, this study has been divided into three parts. In the first part, an improved preprocessing approach is presented using gamma manipulation and gamma correction techniques to adjust lightness and intensities of the poor image due to enhancing the quality. The second part is to improve the feature extraction technique using Projection Incorporated Subspace based on PCA. The third part is a protection analysis of foremost privacy enhanced technologies including watermark embedding technique with fixed digit encryption.

Papers by Dr. Md. Rajibul Islam

A collaborative learning environment allows building software or digital contents and educational... more A collaborative learning environment allows building software or digital contents and educational authoring activities namely, creating, editing and sharing artifacts like websites, interactive hypermedia, micro-worlds, and simulations. Uneven task distribution however, is commonly associated with conventional collaborative learning. This study therefore was conducted to develop an efficient authoring infrastructure dealing with online collaborative tools and collaborative authoring environment based on grid portal technology to address the limitations and problems associated with conventional approach. The evaluation process was carried out to obtain students engagement and involvement in collaborative environment activities. The study sample consisted of 36 undergraduate students enrolled in SPM 2332 (Authoring Language) course. Data was gathered using qualitative approach through e-mail interview and blog discussions as a link in UTM Grid Portal. This Grid Portal was developed fo...

ArXiv, 2021

Blokchain is used in a variety of applications where trustworthy computing is required. Trade fin... more Blokchain is used in a variety of applications where trustworthy computing is required. Trade finance is one of these areas that would benefit immensely from a decentralized way of doing transactions. This paper presents the preliminary assessment of Accepire-BT, a software platform developed for the practice of collaborative Trade Finance. The proposed solution is enforced by smart contracts using Solidity, the underlying programming language for the Ethereum blockchain. We evaluated the performance in the Rinkeby test network by using Remix and MetaMask. The results of the preliminary trial show that smart contracts take less than one minute per cycle. Also, we present a discussion about costs for using the public Ethereum Rinkeby network.

Individual work is noteworthy in any learning course but, student should also learn the collabora... more Individual work is noteworthy in any learning course but, student should also learn the collaborative behavior. Students' involvements are required in group attempt. Group works in designing and authoring a courseware are not an easy task. The purpose of this study is to identify student's difficulties in completing their authoring activities or collaborative works in conventional environments. This study was conducted to design and develop an online collaborative tool through grid portal technology. UTM Grid Portal is developed for students of Faculty of Education to accomplish their courseware development project. Students engaged in collaborative learning might use blog as a medium to discuss with group members in order to gather information, sharing ideas and distributing tasks. The evaluation process was carried out to obtain students engagement and involvement in collaborative environment activity. The study sample consisted of 36 undergraduate students enrolled in SPM 2332 (Authoring Language) course. Data was gathered using qualitative approach which was through blog discussions as a link in UTM Grid Portal. Results from the analysis show that students' activity in group work can be divided into three main categories which are cooperative, collaborative, and support as well as task distribution. Cooperative and collaborative in students' activity involve sharing ideas, information, and problems as well as opinions and suggestions. Besides, students support other group members by giving motivations, updating progresses and showing respect to others.

IEEE Sensors Journal, 2014

In this paper, we have experimentally demonstrated thermal regeneration of gratings at 1310 and 1... more In this paper, we have experimentally demonstrated thermal regeneration of gratings at 1310 and 1560 nm in the hydrogenated boron/germanium codoped photosensitivity fibers. Increase in effective index of the fiber and reduced grating period are observed in the regenerated fiber Bragg grating (RFBG). The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity of regenerated gratings at 1310 and 1560 nm is 8.7 and 12.8 pm/°C, respectively, and the RFBG with larger period withstand a higher thermal stability.

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2019

Sleep disorders have a significant effect on psychological depression and many other human diseas... more Sleep disorders have a significant effect on psychological depression and many other human diseases. Nowadays, technology, as well as innovation, has become an essential and analytical part of the world. Detection of sleep disorders by brain waves has become a dynamic study. From this point of view, this paper proposed a model for detecting sleep disorders using time-frequency analysis based feature extraction model based on EEG (Electroencephalogram) signal. In this proposed method, Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and wavelet packet transform (WPT) time-frequency analysis techniques are used for extracting effective features, because those techniques are very effective for analyzing the non-stationary signal like EEG. In this research, the EMD and WPT are used to decompose the input signal. In EMD decomposition, up to 9 th IMFs (Intrinsic Mode Functions) are decomposed. In WPT decomposition, the EEG signal is decomposed up to third level wavelet coefficient. After the decomposition process, different statistical features are extracted, i.e., Shannon entropy, energy, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. However, identifying the optimal sub-band of time-frequency analysis is very challenging. Thus, the genetic algorithm (GA) is used to select the effective subset of the feature. In the detection process, SVM classifier is used and sleep disorders are classified based on trained knowledge. As a result, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated for various statistical features and to find the optimal features for detecting sleep disorder. According to the experimental results, the proposed model shows improved performance by 4.88% improved classification accuracy. Keywords: Sleep disorder Á Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal Á Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) Á Wavelet packet transform (WPT) Á Genetic algorithm (GA)

ArXiv, 2021

The Domain Name System (DNS) is essential for the Internet, giving a mechanism to resolve hostnam... more The Domain Name System (DNS) is essential for the Internet, giving a mechanism to resolve hostnames into Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. DNS is known as the world’s largest distributed database that manages hostnames and Internet Protocol. By having the DNS, only simple names that can be easily memorized will be used and then the domain name system will map it into the numeric Internet Protocol addresses that are used by computers to communicate. This research aims to propose a model for the development of a private cloud infrastructure to host DNS. The cloud infrastructure will be created using the OpenStack software platform where each server will be hosted separately in a different virtual machine. Virtual network architecture will be created using the Software Defined Networking (SDN) approach and it will be secured using Firewall as a Service (FWaaS). By hosting DNS in private cloud infrastructure, the DNS servers will be out of reach by attackers which will prevent DNS attac...

Efficient 3D Temperature Propagation for Laser Glass Interaction. Alias, Norma and Shahril, Rosdi... more Efficient 3D Temperature Propagation for Laser Glass Interaction. Alias, Norma and Shahril, Rosdiana and Islam, Md. Rajibul and Satam, Noriza and Darwis, Roziha (2008) Efficient 3D Temperature Propagation for Laser Glass Interaction. ...

… Journal of Open …, 2010

1Ibnu Sina Institute, Faculty of Science, University Technology Malaysia, 81310 Johor e-mail: nor... more 1Ibnu Sina Institute, Faculty of Science, University Technology Malaysia, 81310 Johor e-mail: norma@ibnusina.utm.my 2Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Malaysia e-mail: md.rajibul.islam05@mmu.edu.my 3Mathematic Department, ...

Sensors, 2015

Expansion and cracking induced by the corrosion of reinforcement concrete is the major factor in ... more Expansion and cracking induced by the corrosion of reinforcement concrete is the major factor in the failure of concrete durability. Therefore, monitoring of concrete cracking is critical for evaluating the safety of concrete structures. In this paper, we introduce a novel monitoring method combining Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) and fiber Bragg grating (FBG), based on mechanical principles of concrete expansion cracking. BOTDA monitors concrete expansion and crack width, while FBG identifies the time and position of cracking. A water-pressure loading simulation test was carried out to determine the relationship between fiber strain, concrete expansion and crack width. An electrical accelerated corrosion test was also conducted to evaluate the ability of this novel sensor to monitor concrete cracking under practical conditions.

IEEE Sensors Journal, 2015

In this paper, we propose a Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF)-cavity fiber Bragg grating (FBG) Fabry-P... more In this paper, we propose a Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF)-cavity fiber Bragg grating (FBG) Fabry-Perot resonator for simultaneous sensing of temperature and pressure. The proposed device is constructed by splicing a 1.5-mm long PCF segment between two identical saturated FBGs written in SMF-28 forming an FBG-PCF-FBG configuration. As a result, a resonance dip is created within the Bragg reflection curve. Taking advantage of the difference in pressure sensitivities between the two types of fiber, the discriminative measurement of pressure and temperature can be achieved from the shifts of the resonance wavelength and band-edge wavelength. In addition, the same temperature sensitivity of PCF and SMF-28 provides the convenience of eliminating the temperature variable and achieving temperature insensitive pressure measurement.

Motivation and Objectives Motivation:  Few mode fiber (FMF) supports more than one mode.  Fiber... more Motivation and Objectives Motivation:  Few mode fiber (FMF) supports more than one mode.  Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) inscribed in few mode fiber exhibits more than one Bragg wavelength corresponding to the each mode.  These wavelengths can be utilized for multi-parameter sensing.

Deformation due to stress and strain that lead to an initiation of crack and then propagates is u... more Deformation due to stress and strain that lead to an initiation of crack and then propagates is usually being modelled satisfactory by using finite element method (FEM). The mathematical model has developed by using the correlation between the forces applied to the individual elements and the nodal displacements. The element stiffness matrix which has been set up earlier can be used to illustrate the elastic deformation since the numerical FEM is emphasized as a platform for discretization of one-dimensional continua problems where the stress is uniaxial and implemented on parallel algorithm using the distributed parallel computer system. Parallel algorithm which based on parallel computing systems is used to capture the visualization of the overall extension and the stress distribution in a linearly tapered bar of circular section with an end load. The results obtained from the finite element approximation will be presented graphically in this paper. In this study, Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) is used, which is a software tool for parallel networking of computers and also using C language based on Linux platforms. Moreover, it permits a network of heterogeneous machines to be used as a single distributed parallel processor. In this study, the performance measurements of algorithm from the aspect of speedup, effectiveness, efficiency and temporal performance are analysed.

Biometrics, which is sometimes called biometric recognition, refers to the recognition of individ... more Biometrics, which is sometimes called biometric recognition, refers to the recognition of individuals based on their physiological (e.g., fingerprints, face, retina, iris) and/or behavioral (e.g., gait, signature) characteristics. In this book, an explanation is given of the usage of fingerprints from an integrity point of view, how to improve the captured images by enhancement and feature extraction when it is a poor and low resolution fingerprint image, and how to protect templates in order to enhance the security and privacy issue of the entire authentication system. Some problems with current systems have been identified. In order to solve these difficulties, this study has been divided into three parts. In the first part, an improved preprocessing approach is presented using gamma manipulation and gamma correction techniques to adjust lightness and intensities of the poor image due to enhancing the quality. The second part is to improve the feature extraction technique using Projection Incorporated Subspace based on PCA. The third part is a protection analysis of foremost privacy enhanced technologies including watermark embedding technique with fixed digit encryption.

The parallel algorithm for the simulation of human tumor growth is a new invention at the present... more The parallel algorithm for the simulation of human tumor growth is a new invention at the present time. The tumor cells split too often, without any order and drop the ability to control their growths. In this book, the invention of the early detection of brain tumors growth is presented. The monitoring and visualization of tumor cells growth are based on the large scale mathematical simulation. The tools of partial different equations via multi-dimensional parabolic types are emphases as the computational engine for the future prediction of the cell growth. This study focuses on the implementation of parallel algorithm for the simulation of tumor growth using two dimensional Helmholtz's wave equation on a distributed parallel computing system. The numerical finite-difference method is chosen as a platform for discretizating the wave equations. Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) software is emphasized as communication platform in parallel computer system. The performance of the parallel computing is analyzed. This proposed system will reduce the painful situation of regular diagnosis to the brain tumor patients in early detection stage.

Deformation due to stress and strain that lead to an initiation of crack and then propagates is u... more Deformation due to stress and strain that lead to an initiation of crack and then propagates is usually being modelled satisfactory by using finite element method (FEM). The mathematical model was developed by using the relationship between the forces applied to the individual elements and the nodal displacements. The element stiffness matrix which had been set up earlier can be used to describe the elastic deformation since the numerical FEM is emphasized as a platform for discretization of one- dimensional continua problems where the stress is uniaxial and implemented on parallel algorithm using the distributed parallel computer system. Parallel algorithm is used by Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) software tool to capture the visualization of the overall extension and the stress distribution in a linearly tapered bar of circular section with an end load. The results obtained from the finite element approximation are presented graphically. In this book, the performance measurements of algorithm are presented in terms of speedup, efficiency, effectiveness and temporal performance.

Biometrics, which is sometimes called biometric recognition, refers to the recognition of individ... more Biometrics, which is sometimes called biometric recognition, refers to the recognition of individuals based on their physiological (e.g., fingerprints, face, retina, iris) and/or behavioral (e.g., gait, signature) characteristics. In this book, an explanation is given of the usage of fingerprints from an integrity point of view, how to improve the captured images by enhancement and feature extraction when it is a poor and low resolution fingerprint image, and how to protect templates in order to enhance the security and privacy issue of the entire authentication system. Some problems with current systems have been identified. In order to solve these difficulties, this study has been divided into three parts. In the first part, an improved preprocessing approach is presented using gamma manipulation and gamma correction techniques to adjust lightness and intensities of the poor image due to enhancing the quality. The second part is to improve the feature extraction technique using Projection Incorporated Subspace based on PCA. The third part is a protection analysis of foremost privacy enhanced technologies including watermark embedding technique with fixed digit encryption.

A collaborative learning environment allows building software or digital contents and educational... more A collaborative learning environment allows building software or digital contents and educational authoring activities namely, creating, editing and sharing artifacts like websites, interactive hypermedia, micro-worlds, and simulations. Uneven task distribution however, is commonly associated with conventional collaborative learning. This study therefore was conducted to develop an efficient authoring infrastructure dealing with online collaborative tools and collaborative authoring environment based on grid portal technology to address the limitations and problems associated with conventional approach. The evaluation process was carried out to obtain students engagement and involvement in collaborative environment activities. The study sample consisted of 36 undergraduate students enrolled in SPM 2332 (Authoring Language) course. Data was gathered using qualitative approach through e-mail interview and blog discussions as a link in UTM Grid Portal. This Grid Portal was developed fo...

ArXiv, 2021

Blokchain is used in a variety of applications where trustworthy computing is required. Trade fin... more Blokchain is used in a variety of applications where trustworthy computing is required. Trade finance is one of these areas that would benefit immensely from a decentralized way of doing transactions. This paper presents the preliminary assessment of Accepire-BT, a software platform developed for the practice of collaborative Trade Finance. The proposed solution is enforced by smart contracts using Solidity, the underlying programming language for the Ethereum blockchain. We evaluated the performance in the Rinkeby test network by using Remix and MetaMask. The results of the preliminary trial show that smart contracts take less than one minute per cycle. Also, we present a discussion about costs for using the public Ethereum Rinkeby network.

Individual work is noteworthy in any learning course but, student should also learn the collabora... more Individual work is noteworthy in any learning course but, student should also learn the collaborative behavior. Students' involvements are required in group attempt. Group works in designing and authoring a courseware are not an easy task. The purpose of this study is to identify student's difficulties in completing their authoring activities or collaborative works in conventional environments. This study was conducted to design and develop an online collaborative tool through grid portal technology. UTM Grid Portal is developed for students of Faculty of Education to accomplish their courseware development project. Students engaged in collaborative learning might use blog as a medium to discuss with group members in order to gather information, sharing ideas and distributing tasks. The evaluation process was carried out to obtain students engagement and involvement in collaborative environment activity. The study sample consisted of 36 undergraduate students enrolled in SPM 2332 (Authoring Language) course. Data was gathered using qualitative approach which was through blog discussions as a link in UTM Grid Portal. Results from the analysis show that students' activity in group work can be divided into three main categories which are cooperative, collaborative, and support as well as task distribution. Cooperative and collaborative in students' activity involve sharing ideas, information, and problems as well as opinions and suggestions. Besides, students support other group members by giving motivations, updating progresses and showing respect to others.

IEEE Sensors Journal, 2014

In this paper, we have experimentally demonstrated thermal regeneration of gratings at 1310 and 1... more In this paper, we have experimentally demonstrated thermal regeneration of gratings at 1310 and 1560 nm in the hydrogenated boron/germanium codoped photosensitivity fibers. Increase in effective index of the fiber and reduced grating period are observed in the regenerated fiber Bragg grating (RFBG). The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity of regenerated gratings at 1310 and 1560 nm is 8.7 and 12.8 pm/°C, respectively, and the RFBG with larger period withstand a higher thermal stability.

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2019

Sleep disorders have a significant effect on psychological depression and many other human diseas... more Sleep disorders have a significant effect on psychological depression and many other human diseases. Nowadays, technology, as well as innovation, has become an essential and analytical part of the world. Detection of sleep disorders by brain waves has become a dynamic study. From this point of view, this paper proposed a model for detecting sleep disorders using time-frequency analysis based feature extraction model based on EEG (Electroencephalogram) signal. In this proposed method, Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and wavelet packet transform (WPT) time-frequency analysis techniques are used for extracting effective features, because those techniques are very effective for analyzing the non-stationary signal like EEG. In this research, the EMD and WPT are used to decompose the input signal. In EMD decomposition, up to 9 th IMFs (Intrinsic Mode Functions) are decomposed. In WPT decomposition, the EEG signal is decomposed up to third level wavelet coefficient. After the decomposition process, different statistical features are extracted, i.e., Shannon entropy, energy, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. However, identifying the optimal sub-band of time-frequency analysis is very challenging. Thus, the genetic algorithm (GA) is used to select the effective subset of the feature. In the detection process, SVM classifier is used and sleep disorders are classified based on trained knowledge. As a result, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated for various statistical features and to find the optimal features for detecting sleep disorder. According to the experimental results, the proposed model shows improved performance by 4.88% improved classification accuracy. Keywords: Sleep disorder Á Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal Á Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) Á Wavelet packet transform (WPT) Á Genetic algorithm (GA)

ArXiv, 2021

The Domain Name System (DNS) is essential for the Internet, giving a mechanism to resolve hostnam... more The Domain Name System (DNS) is essential for the Internet, giving a mechanism to resolve hostnames into Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. DNS is known as the world’s largest distributed database that manages hostnames and Internet Protocol. By having the DNS, only simple names that can be easily memorized will be used and then the domain name system will map it into the numeric Internet Protocol addresses that are used by computers to communicate. This research aims to propose a model for the development of a private cloud infrastructure to host DNS. The cloud infrastructure will be created using the OpenStack software platform where each server will be hosted separately in a different virtual machine. Virtual network architecture will be created using the Software Defined Networking (SDN) approach and it will be secured using Firewall as a Service (FWaaS). By hosting DNS in private cloud infrastructure, the DNS servers will be out of reach by attackers which will prevent DNS attac...

Efficient 3D Temperature Propagation for Laser Glass Interaction. Alias, Norma and Shahril, Rosdi... more Efficient 3D Temperature Propagation for Laser Glass Interaction. Alias, Norma and Shahril, Rosdiana and Islam, Md. Rajibul and Satam, Noriza and Darwis, Roziha (2008) Efficient 3D Temperature Propagation for Laser Glass Interaction. ...

… Journal of Open …, 2010

1Ibnu Sina Institute, Faculty of Science, University Technology Malaysia, 81310 Johor e-mail: nor... more 1Ibnu Sina Institute, Faculty of Science, University Technology Malaysia, 81310 Johor e-mail: norma@ibnusina.utm.my 2Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Malaysia e-mail: md.rajibul.islam05@mmu.edu.my 3Mathematic Department, ...

Sensors, 2015

Expansion and cracking induced by the corrosion of reinforcement concrete is the major factor in ... more Expansion and cracking induced by the corrosion of reinforcement concrete is the major factor in the failure of concrete durability. Therefore, monitoring of concrete cracking is critical for evaluating the safety of concrete structures. In this paper, we introduce a novel monitoring method combining Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) and fiber Bragg grating (FBG), based on mechanical principles of concrete expansion cracking. BOTDA monitors concrete expansion and crack width, while FBG identifies the time and position of cracking. A water-pressure loading simulation test was carried out to determine the relationship between fiber strain, concrete expansion and crack width. An electrical accelerated corrosion test was also conducted to evaluate the ability of this novel sensor to monitor concrete cracking under practical conditions.

IEEE Sensors Journal, 2015

In this paper, we propose a Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF)-cavity fiber Bragg grating (FBG) Fabry-P... more In this paper, we propose a Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF)-cavity fiber Bragg grating (FBG) Fabry-Perot resonator for simultaneous sensing of temperature and pressure. The proposed device is constructed by splicing a 1.5-mm long PCF segment between two identical saturated FBGs written in SMF-28 forming an FBG-PCF-FBG configuration. As a result, a resonance dip is created within the Bragg reflection curve. Taking advantage of the difference in pressure sensitivities between the two types of fiber, the discriminative measurement of pressure and temperature can be achieved from the shifts of the resonance wavelength and band-edge wavelength. In addition, the same temperature sensitivity of PCF and SMF-28 provides the convenience of eliminating the temperature variable and achieving temperature insensitive pressure measurement.

Motivation and Objectives Motivation:  Few mode fiber (FMF) supports more than one mode.  Fiber... more Motivation and Objectives Motivation:  Few mode fiber (FMF) supports more than one mode.  Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) inscribed in few mode fiber exhibits more than one Bragg wavelength corresponding to the each mode.  These wavelengths can be utilized for multi-parameter sensing.

Deformation due to stress and strain that lead to an initiation of crack and then propagates is u... more Deformation due to stress and strain that lead to an initiation of crack and then propagates is usually being modelled satisfactory by using finite element method (FEM). The mathematical model has developed by using the correlation between the forces applied to the individual elements and the nodal displacements. The element stiffness matrix which has been set up earlier can be used to illustrate the elastic deformation since the numerical FEM is emphasized as a platform for discretization of one-dimensional continua problems where the stress is uniaxial and implemented on parallel algorithm using the distributed parallel computer system. Parallel algorithm which based on parallel computing systems is used to capture the visualization of the overall extension and the stress distribution in a linearly tapered bar of circular section with an end load. The results obtained from the finite element approximation will be presented graphically in this paper. In this study, Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) is used, which is a software tool for parallel networking of computers and also using C language based on Linux platforms. Moreover, it permits a network of heterogeneous machines to be used as a single distributed parallel processor. In this study, the performance measurements of algorithm from the aspect of speedup, effectiveness, efficiency and temporal performance are analysed.

Biometrics, which is sometimes called biometric recognition, refers to the recognition of individ... more Biometrics, which is sometimes called biometric recognition, refers to the recognition of individuals based on their physiological (e.g., fingerprints, face, retina, iris) and/or behavioral (e.g., gait, signature) characteristics. In this book, an explanation is given of the usage of fingerprints from an integrity point of view, how to improve the captured images by enhancement and feature extraction when it is a poor and low resolution fingerprint image, and how to protect templates in order to enhance the security and privacy issue of the entire authentication system. Some problems with current systems have been identified. In order to solve these difficulties, this study has been divided into three parts. In the first part, an improved preprocessing approach is presented using gamma manipulation and gamma correction techniques to adjust lightness and intensities of the poor image due to enhancing the quality. The second part is to improve the feature extraction technique using Projection Incorporated Subspace based on PCA. The third part is a protection analysis of foremost privacy enhanced technologies including watermark embedding technique with fixed digit encryption.

Journal of Social Sciences, 2010

Problem statement: This research investigated the elements of sport that led to social integratio... more Problem statement: This research investigated the elements of sport that led to social integration in Malaysian society and identified the steps taken to achieve social integration through sports. As a multi racial country, Malaysia consisting of three major races, the Malays, Chinese and Indians were seen practicing the sport cultures that were inherited by their forefathers. History shows that colonization by the western powers i.e., the Portuguese, Dutch and the British were claimed to have great impact on the segregation of these three races. The Chinese congregated around the town areas specially controlling the tin mines industry, the Malays were seen mostly in the paddy plantation industry while the Indians dominating the rubber plantation industry. The differences are not only seen in their choice of occupation and living areas but even seen in their choice of sporting activities. With such differences and diversity in beliefs and practices one would think it would be difficult for these different Races to work together as a team. Approach: To clarify this statement, the study employed an ethnographic approach to assist the case study which was conducted on 30 athletes, selected using propulsive sampling, 10 from each of the 3 main races. The data collecting methods used were interviews, observation and document analysis. Results: Triangulation technique helped to support the validity of the findings. Its aimed to capture the athletes' cultural practices and investigated whether the implementation of the national sports policy is effective in contributing towards the integration of the different races in Malaysia. Conclusion/Recommendations: The findings of the study showed some very interesting results which further strengthen the claims that sports not only can be an agent of integration but also acts as a catalyst to bring people of different races to compete with one goal in mind, striving for the nation rather than for one's race glory and victory.

ABSTRACT An optimized study of biconical tapered multi-mode plastic optical fiber sensor for conc... more ABSTRACT An optimized study of biconical tapered multi-mode plastic optical fiber sensor for concentration sensing of ethanol (C2H5OH) is presented. The sensitivity is enhanced through V-number matching as well as by optimizing the taper radius and taper length. The ray-tracingmethod is used to analyze the evanescent wave penetration depth (EWPD). The theoretical analysis and experimental results are used to optimize the taper ratio and taper length for the achievement of high EWPD and high sensitivity. The analysis indicates that the sensitivity of tapered fiber sensor can be improved by decreasing the taper ratio with simultaneous increase in the taper length. The highest sensitivity of 1.527 mV/% is achieved from the tapered fiber with a taper ratio of 0.27 and taper length of 8 cm. The proposed parametric optimized tapered fiber sensor can detect the change in concentration of C2H5OH as small as 6.55 × 10−3 .

This study thrashes out some of the visualisation and computational challenges encountered in the... more This study thrashes out some of the visualisation and computational challenges encountered in the field of neuroscience. With the intention to address such computational challenges; we recognised the particular significance of the iterative solvers and parallel algorithms on Multi-Core parallel computing atmosphere. In order to detect tumour cells, 2D and 3D Partial Differential Equations (PDE) are considered and compared by using Multi-Core parallel computing atmosphere with visualisation, communication and data analysis. The performance analysis of Multi-Core computing is presented in provisions of speedup, efficiency, effectiveness and temporal performance where the use of 2D and 3D PDEs and parallel algorithms was found to give in remarkable results.

—Laser-ablated Clad Grating is applied for the first time to monitor corrosion of reinforced conc... more —Laser-ablated Clad Grating is applied for the first time to monitor corrosion of reinforced concrete structure in wet conditions. In this study, the galvanostatic method is executed to speed up the entire process of corrosion in a controlled environment. Red-shifts in the cladding resonant wavelengths are observed in the course of the corrosion process and the wavelength shifts of these resonances are used to monitor corrosion.