salma moawed | British University in Egypt (BUE) (original) (raw)

Papers by salma moawed

Middle East Journal of Nursing

Purpose: Medication errors have been identified as a major concern in the healthcare industries. ... more Purpose: Medication errors have been identified as a major concern in the healthcare industries. The purpose of the current study was to assess nurses' perceived contributory factors of medication errors perceptions on the use medication technology as a strategy to reduce its occurrence. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to describe the perception of nurses and examine their relationship with the profile characteristics. 200 registered nurses were conveniently selected from the two of the major tertiary healthcare facilities in Riyadh which were equipped with pediatric emergency department. Findings: This study highlights the significant role nurses play in the medication administration process. It has been found out that the 3 top rank factors contributing to medication errors were interruptions during medication pass (M= 2.32), shortage of nursing staff (M= 2.13), and caring for high acuity patients (M= 2.11). Whereas, hostile work environment (M= 1.56) was the least among all factors. Moreover, all four types of medication technologies: barcode medication administration (M= 1.79), computerized physician order entry (M= 1.9), automated medication dispensing (M= 2.28), and smart infusion pumps (M= 2.34) were perceived as very helpful in reducing medication errors. Lastly, the several demographic characteristics, years of clinical experience (p= 0.01), and the years of attending pharmacology courses (p= 0.04) were found significantly related with medication errors. Results of this study have implications for the staff nurses, hospital administration, and the health care system in planning for interventions which reduce medication error and promote establishing of a safety culture. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the current study, a multidisciplinary approach with administration and research, is needed to solve the problems of medication errors in the pediatric departments.

Infertility is a stressful experience, yet little is known about the specific issues confronting ... more Infertility is a stressful experience, yet little is known about the specific issues confronting infertile women. In the present study, therefore, the objective of this study is to identify prevalence of stress of women going to infertility clinic in Riyadh.descriptive cross-section design was used, Methods .A convenient subject 150 women , the study conducted at king Fahd Medical City(KFMC)-Riyadh, in vitro fertilization clinic(IVF), Tools clients were interviewed individually using interview questionnaire sheet which formed by the researchers &composed of 2 parts ; The first one : is about the sociodemographic data as (age, Living Area, Accommodation, Job, Education, Family income, ..etc.). In the second part, DASS scale is a 42-item selfreport instrument designed to measure the three related negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and tension/stress.in the current study we adopt DASS(STRESS) ResultsThe study revealed high level of stress among studied subjects , also certain factors were noticed to be a predictor of stress as : age, family income , frequency of pregnancies and numbers of abortion. The researchers recommended that Psychological support should be a part of the medical treatment process, to improve mental health and quality of life among IVF women.

Abstract: Infertility is now recognized as a public health issue in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ... more Abstract: Infertility is now recognized as a public health issue in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the prevalence rate of infertility is estimated to be more than 2.2 % of the population, affecting about 30,000 couples. Infertility is affected by many different socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental factors, the latter playing a major role in infertility. The most cost effective of solving the infertility problem is prevention and education. The maternity nurse working in maternity filed or other agencies should be sensitive to the previous issue and share in health education program, through planning and implementation. The objective of the study were to assess of environmental, cultural, and socioeconomic factors through to affect human fertility among couples attending invitro fertilization clinics in three hospitals in Riyadh city (King Saud Medical Complex, King Fahad Medical City, and a private hospital). The study population consisted of Saudi couples coming for IVF process...

International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies, 2020

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is recognized as the world’s most widespread nutritional... more Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is recognized as the world’s most widespread nutritional disorder, affecting 1.6 billion people that constitute about 25% of the global population, and it is one of the most common diseases complicating antenatal women worldwide, particularly in the developing countries. There have been few research studies on IDA in pregnancy in Arab countries including Saudi Arabia.Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on IDA among pregnant women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Methods: A correlational study was used to collect data from a convenience sample of 314 pregnant women in Al Yammamah Hospital. Socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice toward IDA during pregnancy questionnaire were determined and were analyzed for association. The KAP questionnaire was developed by the researchers based on Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines.Results: Majority of the partic...

Proper oral health care is usually neglected by pregnant women due to anxious expectations. This ... more Proper oral health care is usually neglected by pregnant women due to anxious expectations. This may affect the pregnant woman and of the the unborn child durimg or immediately after delivery. Some studies showed that there was ana association between poor oral health in pregnant mothers and low birth weight in their newborn, while other studies were able to associate poor oral health in mothers with the likelihood of pre-term birth. Just as proper prenatal care is important to reduce preganancy complications, proper oral health care is also an important part of this process. Hence, a preminary step for the design of proper health education strategy is to know how much the target group knows about oral health problems, and their attitudes towards this important element of health care. The aim of this study is to assess knowledge, and oral health self-care practices of Saudi pregnant women. This descriptive study involves a cross-sectional survey was used. All participants in this st...

Saudi Critical Care Journal, 2020

Objective: Failure of health-care providers to have sufficient knowledge and prevention measures ... more Objective: Failure of health-care providers to have sufficient knowledge and prevention measures of gestational hypertension leads to an increased rate of complications during pregnancy that may lead to the loss of the fetus. The study aims to determine the level of the nurses' knowledge working in primary health-care (PHC) centers regarding gestational hypertension disorders in Riyadh city. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive correlational, nonexperimental study design was conducted at 6 PHC centers using a self-administered questionnaire for nurses (n = 257). Results: Nurses had inadequate knowledge about the essential key items of gestational hypertension disorders. Almost half of the nurses (44%) lacked knowledge about how to assess the fetal condition in case of gestational hypertension, and 57.98% of the sample had difficulty in identifying the signs and symptoms of mild preeclampsia. The majority of the sample (70.42%) had unsatisfactory knowledge about essential drugs fo...

Introduction: In the kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) 73% percent of the nursing workforce are expat... more Introduction: In the kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) 73% percent of the nursing workforce are expatriates who have diverse educational and experience backgrounds. The remaining 27% of this workforce are Saudi nurses. To date, health care to the citizens of Saudi Arabia has been provided largely by a foreign labor force, the vast majority of whom are nonArabic speaking. So the difference in culture background among health care provider and receivers of care may have a serious influence on the total functioning of the entire health team. Aim: This study explores the client’s (parturient) point

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 2001

The objective of this study was to identify the indigenous menstrual hygiene practice of Saudi gi... more The objective of this study was to identify the indigenous menstrual hygiene practice of Saudi girls in Riyadh. A total of 600 girls aged from 11 years to 18 years were selected from outpatient clinics at three different hospitals in Riyadh. Data were collected using a structured interview. The results revealed that nearly two-thirds of the girls avoided certain foods, drinks and activities, including showering and performing perineal care, and practised several indigenous rituals during the period. Mother, religious books and sisters were the main sources of the girls’ infomation. The study suggests that nurses and health care providers should use all available opportunities to educate young girls about menstruation.

American Journal of Nursing Science, 2017

Contraception is important for reducing the rate of unplanned pregnancy in all ages, some abortio... more Contraception is important for reducing the rate of unplanned pregnancy in all ages, some abortions, allowing a spacing of families, and improving the health of women. Studies stressed that successfully using contraception to prevent an unplanned pregnancy is a complex undertaking that requires alignment of multiple domains: knowledge about available methods, personal attitudes and beliefs, subjective norms, and a person's ability to obtain and actually use a birth control method. Advance practice nurses in many settings can prescribe and insert contraceptive devices. The present study aimed to determine women's knowledge level regarding oral contraception pills (OCP) and intrauterine device (IUD) in Riyadh, and assessing the factors associated with this knowledge; either socio-demographic characteristics or gynecological and obstetrical history. A cross-sectional prospective study conducted among Saudi women attending ten primary care centers in Riyadh, from January to March 2016. Two hundred women participated, the women aged ≥18 years who agreed to contribute to a study concerning contraception. A structured questionnaire was developed and used to compiled respondent socio-demographic, gynecological and obstetric history. It also assessed defendant's knowledge regarding oral contraceptive pills and intrauterine device. Most of the study sample (97.5%) were educated and only (2.5%) illiterate. About (75%) were employees, (23%) were bachelors. (66%) Are using or at a point used contraceptives. Among those who used contraceptive methods, (61%) used OCP and (8%) used IUD. The primary source of women's knowledge regarding contraceptives was the health care team; doctor, nurse, and pharmacist. Women's average knowledge score level regarding contraceptives was relatively low; 39.85 of OCP and 33.40 of IUD. Multiple regression analysis showed that age, educational attainment, parity and use of contraceptives influencing knowledge level regarding OCP or IUD. In conclusion, oral contraceptive pills (OCP) are the most commonly used contraceptive/ than the intrauterine device (IUD) so nurses should develop more effective education about contraceptive methods.

American Journal of Nursing Science, 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho foi calcular a dissimilaridade entre famílias e a resposta correlaciona... more O objetivo deste trabalho foi calcular a dissimilaridade entre famílias e a resposta correlacionada à seleção em uma população de cenoura cultivada em dois sistemas agroecológicos de produção. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em Brasília, no verão de 2006/2007. Foram avaliadas 100 famílias de meioirmãos de cenoura em delineamento de blocos casualizados com duas repetições. Foram colhidas individualmente 20 plantas por parcela e avaliadas para caracteres de raiz. Foi realizada análise de variância conjunta e para cada sistema. Foram calculadas a dissimilaridade entre e dentro de famílias, e a resposta correlacionada à seleção. Verificou-se principalmente que dentro da população, em ambos os sistemas de produção, é possível selecionar famílias mais dissimilares para serem utilizadas num próximo ciclo de seleção recorrente, proporcionando ganhos com heterose. Ao se fazer seleção tanto entre quanto dentro de famílias, para maior massa de raízes, ganhos superiores a 2% por ciclo de seleção poderiam ser esperados, para raízes mais compridas e com maior diâmetro de xilema. A seleção para maior teor de carotenóides, principalmente no xilema, não pode ser efetuada em separado dos caracteres componentes do rendimento, comprimento, medidas de diâmetro e massa média de raiz.

American Journal of Nursing Research, 2019

Background. Pregnancy is a unique time in a woman's life and is characterized by complex physiolo... more Background. Pregnancy is a unique time in a woman's life and is characterized by complex physiological changes. These changes can adversely affect oral health. Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat cancer, oral sores, periodontal (gum) disease, tooth decay and tooth loss, and other diseases, and disorders that affect the oral cavity. Risk factors for oral diseases include unhealthy diet, tobacco use, harmful alcohol use, and poor oral hygiene (WHO). Multiple studies have shown an association between periodontal infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as premature delivery and low birth weight. Aim of this study assess women's knowledge towards oral and dental health during pregnancy and to examine their self-care practices in relation to oral and dental health. Methodology The research will be conducted at randomly governmental primary health care centers and schools in Riyadh (Dawadmi region). A Quantitative Descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. two-hundred Saudi pregnant women selected randomly. Women who gave informed consent were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire and return it to the researcher A Structured questionnaire will be developed consisted of three parts, Demographic characteristics part, level of women`s Knowledge regarding oral health part & Self-care practice regard oral health care. Results, Conclusion & Recommendation. Age of participant women's between 28-38 years (43.2%). Most of the participants had number of pregnancies between 4-6 (38.5 %). Regarding the level of knowledge about oral health, this study showed that 45% of mother had poor knowledge, and there is a significant relationship between the level of practice and the educational, professional status and attendance to antenatal clinic, which was started by 65% of the sample on time, however, they did not visit the dentist. This study recommends that the implementation of oral health programs in prenatal services is essential to delivery of dental care and decreasing the potential oral problems among pregnant women, as well as conducting careful screening of oral risks, and assisting women in obtaining regular dental care.

American Journal of Nursing Science, 2016

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, and the seventh overall, with an estim... more Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, and the seventh overall, with an estimated 528,000 new cases in 2012. In Egypt the incidence of cervical cancer is 866 per year where mortality rate is 373 per year. The current study aims to determine women's beliefs and knowledge towards cervical cancer and Pap smear. The study was conducted at the outpatient obstetrics clinics of two hospitals namely El-Mainshawy health insurance Hospital, and El-Aiada El-Shamela at Tanta governorate. The study subjects comprised 1000 women attending the above mentioned settings two tools were used: An interview assessment sheet and the Health Believe Model (HBM). Results of the current study illustrated that Out of the 1,000 women interviewed, (68.0%) could know the definition of cervical cancer and related to a virus as its causative agent. About 95% of the women did not have an idea of the risk factors for cervical cancer, the knowledge about Pap test is quite poor, only 13.3% identify Pap smear test while 86.7% had no idea at all. In terms of the perceived benefits of Pap test, about 50.3% of the participants believed that Pap tests are the best way to detect cervical cancer, 42.9% believed that cervical cancer can be cured easily if detected early, and 62% disagree that a Pap test is important for save their health. The present study concluded that inefficient utilization of cervical cancer and its screening test would be affected by poor knowledge and negative beliefs related to cervical cancer screening in women. It was recommended that development of effective intervention programs strategies for Egyptian women and identify those women who are most at risk for cervical cancer and would benefit from intervention programs to increase cervical cancer screening rates.

Middle East Journal of Nursing, 2016

Background: Reporting the voices of women giving birth in KSA in order to inform policy developme... more Background: Reporting the voices of women giving birth in KSA in order to inform policy developments within the Saudi maternity healthcare system is important to understand what the women want from the service and how to improve it. Aim: to explore current birthing services in KSA from care consumers' perspectives by reporting women's birthing experiences and voices. Methods: Within the first 24 hours after giving birth in one of the three selected public hospitals, 169 women shared their birth experience through their responses to an open-ended question on a questionnaire or by contributing in one-to one conversation with the researcher. Findings: Thematically analysing 169 written responses and notes for conversation have produced two main categories which include themes and a number of sub-themes. The first and major category is "The relationship between women and care providers during birth" which is considered by most women the leading cause for better and satisfied birth experience if this relationship is characterised by support, respect, trust, and empowerment. The second category is "Hospital rules and policies and childbirth experience" especially if these policies restrict women's choices and are brought into action without full explanation to women about why these policies are active. Conclusion: Maternity care policy makers in Saudi Arabia have to consider women's voices in building and reviewing maternity policies and focus on empowering childbearing women and ensuring safe motherhood.

International Journal of Nursing, 2016

Background: The clinical experience has been recognized as a significant and very essential compo... more Background: The clinical experience has been recognized as a significant and very essential component of nursing education. Clinical instructors have a responsibility not only to their students but also to clients and the nursing profession to identify and exhibit effective clinical teacher characteristics. Moreover, as the clinical experiences and its resources are limited, students must optimize clinical practice opportunities; they must therefore, work with effective clinical instructors.Aim: The aim of this study is to identify Saudi nursing students’ perception of effective clinical instructor’s characteristicsMethods: ADescriptive research design was used in carrying out the current study. Sample and Setting: 391 Saudi female nursing students, enrolled in the 4th to 8th term of their study in different colleges of nursing asked to participate. This sample also includes students from the college of health sciences, who are enrolled in the second term, of the first year, ti...

Background: Reporting the voices of women giving birth in KSA in order to inform policy developme... more Background: Reporting the voices of women giving birth in KSA in order to inform policy developments within the Saudi maternity healthcare system is important to understand what the women want from the service and how to improve it.

Middle East Journal of Nursing, 2015

Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent form of cancer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, accountin... more Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent form of cancer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, accounting for 11% of all female cancers. It is considered to be a progressive disease with a poor prognosis if detected late. The low level of knowledge and practice of breast self-examination is an important method of prevention. The study was aimed at assessing the knowledge of breast cancer and practice of Breast Self-Examination (BSE) among female secondary school students in Riyadh city. Material & Methods : A cross-sectional descriptive correlation design was used in this study. A representative probability sample was recruited (Sample Size = 917 Students). A selfadministered questionnaire was prepared by the researcher. It consists of four parts. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software package (version 16) for data entry and analysis. Results: The results of the study indicated that none of the secondary school students had an excellent knowledge regarding breast cancer; 98.8% of the participants had a fair level of knowledge about breast cancer. The mass media was the most common source of information about breast cancer. The majority of participants did not perform breast self-examination 80.8%; only 3.4% perform (BSE) on monthly basis. There was a statistically significant relation between level of breast cancer knowledge and secondary school type, nationality, family history of breast cancer and secondary school levels but there was no significant relation between knowledge of breast cancer and age groups, marital status and family income level. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a negative family history of breast cancer was a significant predictor for lower scores on the level of knowledge of breast cancer. However, age group, family history of breast cancer were significant predictors of performance of breast self-examination. Conclusions : This study revealed that most of the female secondary school students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia had very low knowledge about breast cancer. We recommended developing a health educational program about breast cancer for students, teachers and the community, to raise awareness.

Saudi medical journal

To determine the relationship between low birth weight and psychological stress during pregnancy,... more To determine the relationship between low birth weight and psychological stress during pregnancy, as well as anthropometric measurements of Saudi mothers. A total of 500 Saudi women were selected, according to weight and gestation age of their new born infants, one control was selected per one case (their weight less than 2500 grams). Data was collected from El-Shamasy Maternal and Child Hospital at Riyadh city. Four instruments were used; interview questionnaire, psychosocial scales to measure life stresses, true sheet to assess maternal anthropometric data and new form characteristics. Data was analyzed using SAS system. Analysis techniques included chi-square, odd ratio and P values at < 0.05 significance level. The results reflected an increased risk of low birth weight newborns among women who had experienced an intermediate level of stress during a period of 12 months prior to delivery. There was also an association between low birth weight newborns and maternal anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, body mass index, and upper arm circumference. Saudi women who had an increasing amount of stress during pregnancy, under weight and short stature have an increased risk of having low birth weight babies. More research is needed in different regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by using the same test for stressor during pregnancy or even using different tests for measuring life stress during pregnancy.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent disease globally. This study done to find out the knowledge a... more Breast cancer is the most prevalent disease globally. This study done to find out the knowledge and practice would prevent the breast cancer among Saudi women. 200 women participated from three primary health care centers in Riyadh city were selected purposely. The data was collected by structure interview questioners. The findings of this study was around 62.5% women reported that breast feeding could prevent breast cancer. Additionally, around 85.5% women reported that they applied the self-breast examination (SBE) once a month. This study showed there was a relationship between knowledge and skills to the breast cancer prevention that is highly a significant (P value 0.000). The findings of this study indicate that lack of knowledge would affect the prevention of breast cancer. Recommendations for nursing practice were involved the women from community in health education program. The nursing curricula must include how to do the BSE in the related courses.

Background In developed countries, pregnant women constitute an important subpopulation with elev... more Background In developed countries, pregnant women constitute an important subpopulation with elevated risk for developing obesity, and hence obesity-related health problems. Excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) is associated with pregnancy complications, postpartum obesity and associated chronic illnesses. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of gestational weight gain and characteristics of Saudi women in Riyadh with adequate gestational weight gain and Excessive gestational weight gain. Methods A retrospective, descriptive, correlational design used for data from charts in Two Ministry of health centers in Riyadh. The screened charts (n=1257), 681 met the study inclusion criteria of Saudi nationality, entry into prenatal care by 28 weeks gestation, term gestation, and completion of the Comprehensive Perinatal Services. All eligible charts (n=681) were used for the prevalence analysis, and charts with adequate gestational weight gain or Excessive gestational...

Saudi medical journal, 2000

To determine the relationship between low birth weight and psychological stress during pregnancy,... more To determine the relationship between low birth weight and psychological stress during pregnancy, as well as anthropometric measurements of Saudi mothers. A total of 500 Saudi women were selected, according to weight and gestation age of their new born infants, one control was selected per one case (their weight less than 2500 grams). Data was collected from El-Shamasy Maternal and Child Hospital at Riyadh city. Four instruments were used; interview questionnaire, psychosocial scales to measure life stresses, true sheet to assess maternal anthropometric data and new form characteristics. Data was analyzed using SAS system. Analysis techniques included chi-square, odd ratio and P values at < 0.05 significance level. The results reflected an increased risk of low birth weight newborns among women who had experienced an intermediate level of stress during a period of 12 months prior to delivery. There was also an association between low birth weight newborns and maternal anthropomet...

Middle East Journal of Nursing

Purpose: Medication errors have been identified as a major concern in the healthcare industries. ... more Purpose: Medication errors have been identified as a major concern in the healthcare industries. The purpose of the current study was to assess nurses' perceived contributory factors of medication errors perceptions on the use medication technology as a strategy to reduce its occurrence. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to describe the perception of nurses and examine their relationship with the profile characteristics. 200 registered nurses were conveniently selected from the two of the major tertiary healthcare facilities in Riyadh which were equipped with pediatric emergency department. Findings: This study highlights the significant role nurses play in the medication administration process. It has been found out that the 3 top rank factors contributing to medication errors were interruptions during medication pass (M= 2.32), shortage of nursing staff (M= 2.13), and caring for high acuity patients (M= 2.11). Whereas, hostile work environment (M= 1.56) was the least among all factors. Moreover, all four types of medication technologies: barcode medication administration (M= 1.79), computerized physician order entry (M= 1.9), automated medication dispensing (M= 2.28), and smart infusion pumps (M= 2.34) were perceived as very helpful in reducing medication errors. Lastly, the several demographic characteristics, years of clinical experience (p= 0.01), and the years of attending pharmacology courses (p= 0.04) were found significantly related with medication errors. Results of this study have implications for the staff nurses, hospital administration, and the health care system in planning for interventions which reduce medication error and promote establishing of a safety culture. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the current study, a multidisciplinary approach with administration and research, is needed to solve the problems of medication errors in the pediatric departments.

Infertility is a stressful experience, yet little is known about the specific issues confronting ... more Infertility is a stressful experience, yet little is known about the specific issues confronting infertile women. In the present study, therefore, the objective of this study is to identify prevalence of stress of women going to infertility clinic in Riyadh.descriptive cross-section design was used, Methods .A convenient subject 150 women , the study conducted at king Fahd Medical City(KFMC)-Riyadh, in vitro fertilization clinic(IVF), Tools clients were interviewed individually using interview questionnaire sheet which formed by the researchers &composed of 2 parts ; The first one : is about the sociodemographic data as (age, Living Area, Accommodation, Job, Education, Family income, ..etc.). In the second part, DASS scale is a 42-item selfreport instrument designed to measure the three related negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and tension/stress.in the current study we adopt DASS(STRESS) ResultsThe study revealed high level of stress among studied subjects , also certain factors were noticed to be a predictor of stress as : age, family income , frequency of pregnancies and numbers of abortion. The researchers recommended that Psychological support should be a part of the medical treatment process, to improve mental health and quality of life among IVF women.

Abstract: Infertility is now recognized as a public health issue in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ... more Abstract: Infertility is now recognized as a public health issue in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the prevalence rate of infertility is estimated to be more than 2.2 % of the population, affecting about 30,000 couples. Infertility is affected by many different socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental factors, the latter playing a major role in infertility. The most cost effective of solving the infertility problem is prevention and education. The maternity nurse working in maternity filed or other agencies should be sensitive to the previous issue and share in health education program, through planning and implementation. The objective of the study were to assess of environmental, cultural, and socioeconomic factors through to affect human fertility among couples attending invitro fertilization clinics in three hospitals in Riyadh city (King Saud Medical Complex, King Fahad Medical City, and a private hospital). The study population consisted of Saudi couples coming for IVF process...

International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies, 2020

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is recognized as the world’s most widespread nutritional... more Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is recognized as the world’s most widespread nutritional disorder, affecting 1.6 billion people that constitute about 25% of the global population, and it is one of the most common diseases complicating antenatal women worldwide, particularly in the developing countries. There have been few research studies on IDA in pregnancy in Arab countries including Saudi Arabia.Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on IDA among pregnant women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Methods: A correlational study was used to collect data from a convenience sample of 314 pregnant women in Al Yammamah Hospital. Socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice toward IDA during pregnancy questionnaire were determined and were analyzed for association. The KAP questionnaire was developed by the researchers based on Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines.Results: Majority of the partic...

Proper oral health care is usually neglected by pregnant women due to anxious expectations. This ... more Proper oral health care is usually neglected by pregnant women due to anxious expectations. This may affect the pregnant woman and of the the unborn child durimg or immediately after delivery. Some studies showed that there was ana association between poor oral health in pregnant mothers and low birth weight in their newborn, while other studies were able to associate poor oral health in mothers with the likelihood of pre-term birth. Just as proper prenatal care is important to reduce preganancy complications, proper oral health care is also an important part of this process. Hence, a preminary step for the design of proper health education strategy is to know how much the target group knows about oral health problems, and their attitudes towards this important element of health care. The aim of this study is to assess knowledge, and oral health self-care practices of Saudi pregnant women. This descriptive study involves a cross-sectional survey was used. All participants in this st...

Saudi Critical Care Journal, 2020

Objective: Failure of health-care providers to have sufficient knowledge and prevention measures ... more Objective: Failure of health-care providers to have sufficient knowledge and prevention measures of gestational hypertension leads to an increased rate of complications during pregnancy that may lead to the loss of the fetus. The study aims to determine the level of the nurses' knowledge working in primary health-care (PHC) centers regarding gestational hypertension disorders in Riyadh city. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive correlational, nonexperimental study design was conducted at 6 PHC centers using a self-administered questionnaire for nurses (n = 257). Results: Nurses had inadequate knowledge about the essential key items of gestational hypertension disorders. Almost half of the nurses (44%) lacked knowledge about how to assess the fetal condition in case of gestational hypertension, and 57.98% of the sample had difficulty in identifying the signs and symptoms of mild preeclampsia. The majority of the sample (70.42%) had unsatisfactory knowledge about essential drugs fo...

Introduction: In the kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) 73% percent of the nursing workforce are expat... more Introduction: In the kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) 73% percent of the nursing workforce are expatriates who have diverse educational and experience backgrounds. The remaining 27% of this workforce are Saudi nurses. To date, health care to the citizens of Saudi Arabia has been provided largely by a foreign labor force, the vast majority of whom are nonArabic speaking. So the difference in culture background among health care provider and receivers of care may have a serious influence on the total functioning of the entire health team. Aim: This study explores the client’s (parturient) point

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 2001

The objective of this study was to identify the indigenous menstrual hygiene practice of Saudi gi... more The objective of this study was to identify the indigenous menstrual hygiene practice of Saudi girls in Riyadh. A total of 600 girls aged from 11 years to 18 years were selected from outpatient clinics at three different hospitals in Riyadh. Data were collected using a structured interview. The results revealed that nearly two-thirds of the girls avoided certain foods, drinks and activities, including showering and performing perineal care, and practised several indigenous rituals during the period. Mother, religious books and sisters were the main sources of the girls’ infomation. The study suggests that nurses and health care providers should use all available opportunities to educate young girls about menstruation.

American Journal of Nursing Science, 2017

Contraception is important for reducing the rate of unplanned pregnancy in all ages, some abortio... more Contraception is important for reducing the rate of unplanned pregnancy in all ages, some abortions, allowing a spacing of families, and improving the health of women. Studies stressed that successfully using contraception to prevent an unplanned pregnancy is a complex undertaking that requires alignment of multiple domains: knowledge about available methods, personal attitudes and beliefs, subjective norms, and a person's ability to obtain and actually use a birth control method. Advance practice nurses in many settings can prescribe and insert contraceptive devices. The present study aimed to determine women's knowledge level regarding oral contraception pills (OCP) and intrauterine device (IUD) in Riyadh, and assessing the factors associated with this knowledge; either socio-demographic characteristics or gynecological and obstetrical history. A cross-sectional prospective study conducted among Saudi women attending ten primary care centers in Riyadh, from January to March 2016. Two hundred women participated, the women aged ≥18 years who agreed to contribute to a study concerning contraception. A structured questionnaire was developed and used to compiled respondent socio-demographic, gynecological and obstetric history. It also assessed defendant's knowledge regarding oral contraceptive pills and intrauterine device. Most of the study sample (97.5%) were educated and only (2.5%) illiterate. About (75%) were employees, (23%) were bachelors. (66%) Are using or at a point used contraceptives. Among those who used contraceptive methods, (61%) used OCP and (8%) used IUD. The primary source of women's knowledge regarding contraceptives was the health care team; doctor, nurse, and pharmacist. Women's average knowledge score level regarding contraceptives was relatively low; 39.85 of OCP and 33.40 of IUD. Multiple regression analysis showed that age, educational attainment, parity and use of contraceptives influencing knowledge level regarding OCP or IUD. In conclusion, oral contraceptive pills (OCP) are the most commonly used contraceptive/ than the intrauterine device (IUD) so nurses should develop more effective education about contraceptive methods.

American Journal of Nursing Science, 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho foi calcular a dissimilaridade entre famílias e a resposta correlaciona... more O objetivo deste trabalho foi calcular a dissimilaridade entre famílias e a resposta correlacionada à seleção em uma população de cenoura cultivada em dois sistemas agroecológicos de produção. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em Brasília, no verão de 2006/2007. Foram avaliadas 100 famílias de meioirmãos de cenoura em delineamento de blocos casualizados com duas repetições. Foram colhidas individualmente 20 plantas por parcela e avaliadas para caracteres de raiz. Foi realizada análise de variância conjunta e para cada sistema. Foram calculadas a dissimilaridade entre e dentro de famílias, e a resposta correlacionada à seleção. Verificou-se principalmente que dentro da população, em ambos os sistemas de produção, é possível selecionar famílias mais dissimilares para serem utilizadas num próximo ciclo de seleção recorrente, proporcionando ganhos com heterose. Ao se fazer seleção tanto entre quanto dentro de famílias, para maior massa de raízes, ganhos superiores a 2% por ciclo de seleção poderiam ser esperados, para raízes mais compridas e com maior diâmetro de xilema. A seleção para maior teor de carotenóides, principalmente no xilema, não pode ser efetuada em separado dos caracteres componentes do rendimento, comprimento, medidas de diâmetro e massa média de raiz.

American Journal of Nursing Research, 2019

Background. Pregnancy is a unique time in a woman's life and is characterized by complex physiolo... more Background. Pregnancy is a unique time in a woman's life and is characterized by complex physiological changes. These changes can adversely affect oral health. Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat cancer, oral sores, periodontal (gum) disease, tooth decay and tooth loss, and other diseases, and disorders that affect the oral cavity. Risk factors for oral diseases include unhealthy diet, tobacco use, harmful alcohol use, and poor oral hygiene (WHO). Multiple studies have shown an association between periodontal infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as premature delivery and low birth weight. Aim of this study assess women's knowledge towards oral and dental health during pregnancy and to examine their self-care practices in relation to oral and dental health. Methodology The research will be conducted at randomly governmental primary health care centers and schools in Riyadh (Dawadmi region). A Quantitative Descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. two-hundred Saudi pregnant women selected randomly. Women who gave informed consent were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire and return it to the researcher A Structured questionnaire will be developed consisted of three parts, Demographic characteristics part, level of women`s Knowledge regarding oral health part & Self-care practice regard oral health care. Results, Conclusion & Recommendation. Age of participant women's between 28-38 years (43.2%). Most of the participants had number of pregnancies between 4-6 (38.5 %). Regarding the level of knowledge about oral health, this study showed that 45% of mother had poor knowledge, and there is a significant relationship between the level of practice and the educational, professional status and attendance to antenatal clinic, which was started by 65% of the sample on time, however, they did not visit the dentist. This study recommends that the implementation of oral health programs in prenatal services is essential to delivery of dental care and decreasing the potential oral problems among pregnant women, as well as conducting careful screening of oral risks, and assisting women in obtaining regular dental care.

American Journal of Nursing Science, 2016

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, and the seventh overall, with an estim... more Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, and the seventh overall, with an estimated 528,000 new cases in 2012. In Egypt the incidence of cervical cancer is 866 per year where mortality rate is 373 per year. The current study aims to determine women's beliefs and knowledge towards cervical cancer and Pap smear. The study was conducted at the outpatient obstetrics clinics of two hospitals namely El-Mainshawy health insurance Hospital, and El-Aiada El-Shamela at Tanta governorate. The study subjects comprised 1000 women attending the above mentioned settings two tools were used: An interview assessment sheet and the Health Believe Model (HBM). Results of the current study illustrated that Out of the 1,000 women interviewed, (68.0%) could know the definition of cervical cancer and related to a virus as its causative agent. About 95% of the women did not have an idea of the risk factors for cervical cancer, the knowledge about Pap test is quite poor, only 13.3% identify Pap smear test while 86.7% had no idea at all. In terms of the perceived benefits of Pap test, about 50.3% of the participants believed that Pap tests are the best way to detect cervical cancer, 42.9% believed that cervical cancer can be cured easily if detected early, and 62% disagree that a Pap test is important for save their health. The present study concluded that inefficient utilization of cervical cancer and its screening test would be affected by poor knowledge and negative beliefs related to cervical cancer screening in women. It was recommended that development of effective intervention programs strategies for Egyptian women and identify those women who are most at risk for cervical cancer and would benefit from intervention programs to increase cervical cancer screening rates.

Middle East Journal of Nursing, 2016

Background: Reporting the voices of women giving birth in KSA in order to inform policy developme... more Background: Reporting the voices of women giving birth in KSA in order to inform policy developments within the Saudi maternity healthcare system is important to understand what the women want from the service and how to improve it. Aim: to explore current birthing services in KSA from care consumers' perspectives by reporting women's birthing experiences and voices. Methods: Within the first 24 hours after giving birth in one of the three selected public hospitals, 169 women shared their birth experience through their responses to an open-ended question on a questionnaire or by contributing in one-to one conversation with the researcher. Findings: Thematically analysing 169 written responses and notes for conversation have produced two main categories which include themes and a number of sub-themes. The first and major category is "The relationship between women and care providers during birth" which is considered by most women the leading cause for better and satisfied birth experience if this relationship is characterised by support, respect, trust, and empowerment. The second category is "Hospital rules and policies and childbirth experience" especially if these policies restrict women's choices and are brought into action without full explanation to women about why these policies are active. Conclusion: Maternity care policy makers in Saudi Arabia have to consider women's voices in building and reviewing maternity policies and focus on empowering childbearing women and ensuring safe motherhood.

International Journal of Nursing, 2016

Background: The clinical experience has been recognized as a significant and very essential compo... more Background: The clinical experience has been recognized as a significant and very essential component of nursing education. Clinical instructors have a responsibility not only to their students but also to clients and the nursing profession to identify and exhibit effective clinical teacher characteristics. Moreover, as the clinical experiences and its resources are limited, students must optimize clinical practice opportunities; they must therefore, work with effective clinical instructors.Aim: The aim of this study is to identify Saudi nursing students’ perception of effective clinical instructor’s characteristicsMethods: ADescriptive research design was used in carrying out the current study. Sample and Setting: 391 Saudi female nursing students, enrolled in the 4th to 8th term of their study in different colleges of nursing asked to participate. This sample also includes students from the college of health sciences, who are enrolled in the second term, of the first year, ti...

Background: Reporting the voices of women giving birth in KSA in order to inform policy developme... more Background: Reporting the voices of women giving birth in KSA in order to inform policy developments within the Saudi maternity healthcare system is important to understand what the women want from the service and how to improve it.

Middle East Journal of Nursing, 2015

Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent form of cancer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, accountin... more Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent form of cancer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, accounting for 11% of all female cancers. It is considered to be a progressive disease with a poor prognosis if detected late. The low level of knowledge and practice of breast self-examination is an important method of prevention. The study was aimed at assessing the knowledge of breast cancer and practice of Breast Self-Examination (BSE) among female secondary school students in Riyadh city. Material & Methods : A cross-sectional descriptive correlation design was used in this study. A representative probability sample was recruited (Sample Size = 917 Students). A selfadministered questionnaire was prepared by the researcher. It consists of four parts. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software package (version 16) for data entry and analysis. Results: The results of the study indicated that none of the secondary school students had an excellent knowledge regarding breast cancer; 98.8% of the participants had a fair level of knowledge about breast cancer. The mass media was the most common source of information about breast cancer. The majority of participants did not perform breast self-examination 80.8%; only 3.4% perform (BSE) on monthly basis. There was a statistically significant relation between level of breast cancer knowledge and secondary school type, nationality, family history of breast cancer and secondary school levels but there was no significant relation between knowledge of breast cancer and age groups, marital status and family income level. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a negative family history of breast cancer was a significant predictor for lower scores on the level of knowledge of breast cancer. However, age group, family history of breast cancer were significant predictors of performance of breast self-examination. Conclusions : This study revealed that most of the female secondary school students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia had very low knowledge about breast cancer. We recommended developing a health educational program about breast cancer for students, teachers and the community, to raise awareness.

Saudi medical journal

To determine the relationship between low birth weight and psychological stress during pregnancy,... more To determine the relationship between low birth weight and psychological stress during pregnancy, as well as anthropometric measurements of Saudi mothers. A total of 500 Saudi women were selected, according to weight and gestation age of their new born infants, one control was selected per one case (their weight less than 2500 grams). Data was collected from El-Shamasy Maternal and Child Hospital at Riyadh city. Four instruments were used; interview questionnaire, psychosocial scales to measure life stresses, true sheet to assess maternal anthropometric data and new form characteristics. Data was analyzed using SAS system. Analysis techniques included chi-square, odd ratio and P values at &lt; 0.05 significance level. The results reflected an increased risk of low birth weight newborns among women who had experienced an intermediate level of stress during a period of 12 months prior to delivery. There was also an association between low birth weight newborns and maternal anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, body mass index, and upper arm circumference. Saudi women who had an increasing amount of stress during pregnancy, under weight and short stature have an increased risk of having low birth weight babies. More research is needed in different regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by using the same test for stressor during pregnancy or even using different tests for measuring life stress during pregnancy.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent disease globally. This study done to find out the knowledge a... more Breast cancer is the most prevalent disease globally. This study done to find out the knowledge and practice would prevent the breast cancer among Saudi women. 200 women participated from three primary health care centers in Riyadh city were selected purposely. The data was collected by structure interview questioners. The findings of this study was around 62.5% women reported that breast feeding could prevent breast cancer. Additionally, around 85.5% women reported that they applied the self-breast examination (SBE) once a month. This study showed there was a relationship between knowledge and skills to the breast cancer prevention that is highly a significant (P value 0.000). The findings of this study indicate that lack of knowledge would affect the prevention of breast cancer. Recommendations for nursing practice were involved the women from community in health education program. The nursing curricula must include how to do the BSE in the related courses.

Background In developed countries, pregnant women constitute an important subpopulation with elev... more Background In developed countries, pregnant women constitute an important subpopulation with elevated risk for developing obesity, and hence obesity-related health problems. Excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) is associated with pregnancy complications, postpartum obesity and associated chronic illnesses. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of gestational weight gain and characteristics of Saudi women in Riyadh with adequate gestational weight gain and Excessive gestational weight gain. Methods A retrospective, descriptive, correlational design used for data from charts in Two Ministry of health centers in Riyadh. The screened charts (n=1257), 681 met the study inclusion criteria of Saudi nationality, entry into prenatal care by 28 weeks gestation, term gestation, and completion of the Comprehensive Perinatal Services. All eligible charts (n=681) were used for the prevalence analysis, and charts with adequate gestational weight gain or Excessive gestational...

Saudi medical journal, 2000

To determine the relationship between low birth weight and psychological stress during pregnancy,... more To determine the relationship between low birth weight and psychological stress during pregnancy, as well as anthropometric measurements of Saudi mothers. A total of 500 Saudi women were selected, according to weight and gestation age of their new born infants, one control was selected per one case (their weight less than 2500 grams). Data was collected from El-Shamasy Maternal and Child Hospital at Riyadh city. Four instruments were used; interview questionnaire, psychosocial scales to measure life stresses, true sheet to assess maternal anthropometric data and new form characteristics. Data was analyzed using SAS system. Analysis techniques included chi-square, odd ratio and P values at < 0.05 significance level. The results reflected an increased risk of low birth weight newborns among women who had experienced an intermediate level of stress during a period of 12 months prior to delivery. There was also an association between low birth weight newborns and maternal anthropomet...