زھيب ڀٽو | Balochistan University of Engineering and Technology Khuzdar (original) (raw)
Papers by زھيب ڀٽو
Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences
Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice
Recently, deep learning-based convolutional neural networks method for image super-resolution has... more Recently, deep learning-based convolutional neural networks method for image super-resolution has achieved remarkable performance in various fields including security surveillance, satellite imaging, and medical image enhancement. Although these approaches obtained improved performance in medical images, existing works only used a pre-processing step and hand-designed filter methods to improve the quality of medical images. Pre-processing step and hand-designed-based reconstructed medical image results are very blurry and introduce new noises in the images. Due to this, sometimes medical practitioners make wrong decisions, which are very dangerous for human beings. In this chapter, the authors explain that the hand-designed as well as deep learning-based approaches, including some image quality assessment metrics to open the gate to verify the images with different approaches, depend on the single image approach. Furthermore, they discuss some important types of medical images and t...
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2022
In the last two decades electricity shortage has hampered the economic growth of Pakistan. To ove... more In the last two decades electricity shortage has hampered the economic growth of Pakistan. To overcome these crises, thermal power plants were commissioned to bridge the supply and demand gap. Deployment of thermal power generation resulted in an unsustainable energy mix with the higher cost of generation. In the last decade, policymakers have shown considerable interest in deploying renewable energy generally and wind energy particularly. Therefore, this paper evaluates some important drivers and barriers to wind power generation. SWOT-Delphi approach with Relative Importance Index (RII) analysis has been applied. The results show that the deployment of wind power can enhance energy security and environmental sustainability. Major barriers to wind energy are the presence of competitive energy resources, policy implications, and poor grid infrastructure. With this contrasting environment, the evaluation of drivers and barriers of wind power are insightful for formulating sustainable...
WITHDRAWN: Prokaryotic Diversity from Extreme Environments of Pakistan and its Potential Applications at Regional Levels., 2018
Single image super-resolution (SISR) is an image processing technique, and its main target is to ... more Single image super-resolution (SISR) is an image processing technique, and its main target is to reconstruct the high-quality or high-resolution (HR) image from the low-quality or lowresolution (LR) image. Currently, deep learning-based convolutional neural network (CNN) image super-resolution approaches achieved remarkable improvement over the previous approaches. Furthermore, earlier approaches used hand designed filter to upscale the LR image into HR image. The design architecture of such approaches is easy, but it introduces the extra unwanted pixels in the reconstructed image. To resolve these issues, we propose novel deep learning-based approach known as Lightweight deep CNN-based approach for Single Image Super-Resolution (LDCSIR). In this paper, we propose a new architecture which is inspired by ResNet with Inception blocks, which significantly drop the computational cost of the model and increase the processing time for reconstructing the HR image. Compared with the other s...
Though, finance has been studied from several years, while behavioral finance is quite new field ... more Though, finance has been studied from several years, while behavioral finance is quite new field in financial studies which takes under consideration psychology of human being. Theories comes under behavior finance are based on the psychology, which tries to develop understanding how behavior of individual investors is being impacted by their emotions and cognitive errors. Present study is directed to examine how certain psychological biases and personality traits are influencing the investors’ trading behavior in Pakistan Commodity Market. Primary data was collected from investors of PMEX through survey questionnaires. The study has selected a sample size of 300 and after dispersion of survey questionnaires, 216 accurately filled questionnaires have been received back. Afterwards, collected data analyzed by utilizing SPSS and AMOS. The statistical tools utilized in present study included Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The outcomes of the ...
physica status solidi (a), 2022
Nitrogen doping with carbon material substantially enhances the electrochemical properties in lit... more Nitrogen doping with carbon material substantially enhances the electrochemical properties in lithium and sodium batteries. However, direct treating at high temperature fails to create high nitrogen content, thus limiting the morphological as well as electrochemical performances. Herein, a hydrophilic material xanthan and acid‐treated melamine are doped by a dual process of hydrothermal and carbonization, enabling high nitrogen content (28%) carbon spheres. The highly defected nanosphere structures (ID/IG = 1.14) enable the high specific surface area of 388 m2 g−1, which facilitates a large number of lithium/sodium ions and gives rise to remarkable electrochemical performances. When applied as an anode, the nitrogen‐doped porous sphere xanthan (NPS‐XAN) delivers a superior discharge capacity of 390 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1 for lithium anode and maintains a discharge capacity of 262 mAh g−1 after 2800 cycles at 1 A g−1 for sodium anode. This work signifies superior capacity anodes for Li/Na‐ion batteries and contributes to the long‐life cycling energy application.
In today’s cellular networks Femtocell is the air access technology that promises to cope with is... more In today’s cellular networks Femtocell is the air access technology that promises to cope with issues like weak signal strength indoor and it is also regarded as a solution that helps on a larger scale to reduce the cost and operational expenses of a mobile network while improving network’s coverage and capacity. With the joint deployment of Femtocells and Macrocells (Femtocells over the top of Macrocells), voice and data communication are carried out using cellular technology with IP backhaul through customer’s broadband connection i.e., DSL or cable modem, etc. This study covers an overview of Femtocell mainly in three areas what is femtocell, why do we need it and how is it deployed. We start with a brief discussion about the benefits and challenges related to the joint deployment of Femtocells and Macrocells. Then a few key challenges are for instance the access strategies, access technology, interference, architecture and how femtocell can be connected to 3G discussed in detail...
In this research article, we exhibit a low complexity method for a multiple-input-multiple-output... more In this research article, we exhibit a low complexity method for a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system with forward error correction (FEC) through soft interference cancellation minimum mean-squared error (SIC-MMSE) linear detecting method, which has improved performance compared with the existing methods. In traditional SIC-MMSE detector, the complexity of performing the inverse operation grows as we increase antenna size and number of iterations if we employ iterative MIMO system, where information is shared amongst FEC channel decoder and soft MIMO detector which is commonly called joint iterative detection and decoding (JIDD) system. One other issue in SIC-MMSE is the extraction of soft information whose complexity depends on extraction approach. The traditional SIC-MMSE method uses the maximum a posteriori (MAP) method to find the soft information. We propose a hybrid method to reduce its complexity. This hybrid method is based on an evaluation of soft information by c...
physica status solidi (a), 2021
It is a great challenge to develop the highly efficient cathode material for solid oxide fuel cel... more It is a great challenge to develop the highly efficient cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) at intermediate temperature, while high electronic conductivity, good thermal and chemical compatibility, and superior electrochemical performance of the AB2O4‐type spinel is attractive electrode material. Herein, the NiCo2O4 spinel is developed using the glycine‐nitrate process (GNP) method as a cathode material for IT SOFCs. The characterization of the phase structure, microstructure, and electrochemical performance are done using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that NiCo2O4 exhibited a single cubic structure and good chemical compatibility with a ((Sc2O3)0.1(CeO2)0.01(ZrO2)0.89) (ScCeSZ) electrolyte material at 900 °C for 10 h. Furthermore, a NiO–YSZ anode |NiO–YSZ, AFL | ScCeSZ |NiCo2O4 SOFC cell exhibits the maximum power density (MDP) of 0.73 and 1.04 W cm−2 at 750 and 800 °C, respectively. These results recommend the spinel‐structured NiCo2O4 is a potential cathode material for IT SOFC application.
Sukkur IBA Journal of Emerging Technologies, 2021
Pakistan is heavily dependent on imported fuel for power generation. Depending on imported fuel h... more Pakistan is heavily dependent on imported fuel for power generation. Depending on imported fuel has not only increased GHG emissions, but it has also put a burden on the national exchequer and raised apprehensions on energy security. This paper thus investigates the consequences of oil-based power generation on the economy, environment, and energy security of Pakistan. SWOT-Delphi approach has been adopted. The study discovered that the use of imported oil for power generation is detrimental to the economy, environment, and energy security of Pakistan. It further suggests that Pakistan should immediately abandon oil-based power generation and explore green energy alternatives for its sustainable economic growth. This study uses a hybrid model that combines strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (SWOT) analysis with the Delphi method.
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2020
Iterative decoding is one of the promising methods to improve the performance of MIMO systems. In... more Iterative decoding is one of the promising methods to improve the performance of MIMO systems. In iterative processing channel decoder and MIMO detector share the information in order to enhance the overall system performance. However, iterative processing requires a lot of computations therefore it is considered as a computationally complex approach due to complex detection schemes involving iterative processing. There are several promising detection methods that require further improvements and they can be candidates in order to practically implement iterative processing. In this paper, the propose method to improve the efficiency of three loop-based minimum mean squared errors with soft interference cancellation (MMSE-SIC) method by reducing its complexity with a single inverse operation. Simulation results are given in order to provide detail analysis of the proposed MMSE-SIC based approach for iterative detection and decoding (IDD).
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2020
Iterative Recognizing human activity in a scene is still a challenging and an important research ... more Iterative Recognizing human activity in a scene is still a challenging and an important research area in the field of computer vision due to its various possible implementations on many fields including autonomous driving, bio medical, machine intelligent vision etc. Recently deep learning techniques have emerged and successfully deployed models for image recognition and classification, object detection, and speech recognition. Due to promising results the state of art deep learning techniques have replaced the traditional techniques. In this paper, a novel method is presented for human activity recognition based on pretrained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model utilized as feature extractor and deep representations are followed by Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier for action recognition. It has been observed that previously learnt CNN knowledge from large scale data-set could be transferred to activity recognition task with limited training data. The proposed method is evaluated on publicly available stanford40 human action dataset, which includes 40 classes of actions and 9532 images. The comparative experiment results show that proposed method achieves better performance over conventional methods in term of accuracy and computational power.
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2019
Voice over IP (VoIP) is a developing technology and a key factor in both the emerging cyberspace ... more Voice over IP (VoIP) is a developing technology and a key factor in both the emerging cyberspace engineering and also an accomplishment to set up its position in the telecom industry. VoIP technology is based on internet technology; where data packets switching system is used rather than circuit switching. Whereas, an analog signal is changed over into the digital signals in the full-duplex transmission. VoIP technology is replaced with the conventional public switched telephone network (PSTN) system due to the high flexibility and low-cost. The purpose of this research work is to deliberate experimental and computational performance in the view of quality of service (QoS) parameters of VoIP over local area network (LAN) network. The VoIP systems implementation is based on two different operating system framework (Linux and Windows), whereas, Linux-based and Windows-based private branch exchanges (PBXs), such as Asterisk (Linux-open source) and Axon (window-close source) are configured, installed and verified. QoS factors (such as packet loss, delay, jitter, etc.) are observed over the Asterisk and Axon PBXs in a LAN domain with the assistance of Paessler switch activity grapher (PRTG) monitoring tool. The validations of results are looked at for QoS parameters crosswise over both PBXs with data load (i.e., file transfer and HTTP traffic) during VoIP calls. The productivity and execution of Axon and Asterisk have been equated and analyzed over experimental based outcomes.
Extremophiles, the microorganisms thriving in extreme environments, provide valuable resources fo... more Extremophiles, the microorganisms thriving in extreme environments, provide valuable resources for practicing novel biotechnological processes. Pakistan homes a wide spectrum of extreme environments which harbor various biotechnologically significant microorganisms. This review gauges the structural and functional bacterial diversity of several extreme environments, emphasizing their potentials as a source of extremozymes, and in bioleaching, bioremediation, and bioenergy production at regional level. Further, this review highlights a panoramic account of the local natural conservatories of extremophiles. The inadequacies of current fragmental research are discussed with suggestions to quantitatively define the structural and functional diversity of unexplored extreme localities.
International Journal of Software Engineering & Applications, 2019
In software development phase software artifacts are not in consistent states such as: some of th... more In software development phase software artifacts are not in consistent states such as: some of the class artifacts are fully developed some are half developed, some are major developed, some are minor developed and some are not developed yet. At this stage allowing too many software requirement changes may possibly delay in project delivery and increase development budget of the software. On the other hand rejecting too many changes may increase customer dissatisfaction. Software change effort estimation is one of the most challenging and important activity that helps software project managers in accepting or rejecting changes during software development phase. This paper extends our previous works on developing a software requirement change effort estimation model prototype tool for the software development phase. The significant achievements of the tool are demonstrated through an extensive experimental validation using several case studies. The experimental analysis shows improvement in the estimation accuracy over current change effort estimation models.
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2019
This study examines the deployment issues of Femtocell, which require the satisfaction level of u... more This study examines the deployment issues of Femtocell, which require the satisfaction level of users on available bandwidth. Femtocells are small Base Stations installed in Homes for the improvement of coverage and capacity of Cellular Networks. Femtocells are connected over traditional DSL, FTTH (fiber to the home) to the Network. Optimization of Cellular Network is required for efficient utilization of available bandwidth and resources. In this paper, we present deployments issues, optimizations of Femtocell, Operator perspective survey results, and Service level agreement (SLA) between cellular operators, which achieve the user's desires and support in the deployment of Femtocell Network.
2010 International Conference of Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition, 2010
... Syed Saad Azhar Ali Department of Electronics Engineering Iqra University Karachi, Pakistan e... more ... Syed Saad Azhar Ali Department of Electronics Engineering Iqra University Karachi, Pakistan e-mail: saadazhar@iqra.edu.pk AbstractDesign of fixed order controllers is an open problem which takes controller complexity into account. ...
2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics (ICCAIE), 2011
Controllers obtained from popular H∞ loop shaping techniques have much higher order than that of ... more Controllers obtained from popular H∞ loop shaping techniques have much higher order than that of the plant and are difficult to implement in industrial applications. To overcome this difficulty we propose the H∞ loop shaping control under fixed order controller. First we design the H∞ optimal controller by applying the McFarlane and Glover procedure and obtain the corresponding performance index.
Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences
Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice
Recently, deep learning-based convolutional neural networks method for image super-resolution has... more Recently, deep learning-based convolutional neural networks method for image super-resolution has achieved remarkable performance in various fields including security surveillance, satellite imaging, and medical image enhancement. Although these approaches obtained improved performance in medical images, existing works only used a pre-processing step and hand-designed filter methods to improve the quality of medical images. Pre-processing step and hand-designed-based reconstructed medical image results are very blurry and introduce new noises in the images. Due to this, sometimes medical practitioners make wrong decisions, which are very dangerous for human beings. In this chapter, the authors explain that the hand-designed as well as deep learning-based approaches, including some image quality assessment metrics to open the gate to verify the images with different approaches, depend on the single image approach. Furthermore, they discuss some important types of medical images and t...
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2022
In the last two decades electricity shortage has hampered the economic growth of Pakistan. To ove... more In the last two decades electricity shortage has hampered the economic growth of Pakistan. To overcome these crises, thermal power plants were commissioned to bridge the supply and demand gap. Deployment of thermal power generation resulted in an unsustainable energy mix with the higher cost of generation. In the last decade, policymakers have shown considerable interest in deploying renewable energy generally and wind energy particularly. Therefore, this paper evaluates some important drivers and barriers to wind power generation. SWOT-Delphi approach with Relative Importance Index (RII) analysis has been applied. The results show that the deployment of wind power can enhance energy security and environmental sustainability. Major barriers to wind energy are the presence of competitive energy resources, policy implications, and poor grid infrastructure. With this contrasting environment, the evaluation of drivers and barriers of wind power are insightful for formulating sustainable...
WITHDRAWN: Prokaryotic Diversity from Extreme Environments of Pakistan and its Potential Applications at Regional Levels., 2018
Single image super-resolution (SISR) is an image processing technique, and its main target is to ... more Single image super-resolution (SISR) is an image processing technique, and its main target is to reconstruct the high-quality or high-resolution (HR) image from the low-quality or lowresolution (LR) image. Currently, deep learning-based convolutional neural network (CNN) image super-resolution approaches achieved remarkable improvement over the previous approaches. Furthermore, earlier approaches used hand designed filter to upscale the LR image into HR image. The design architecture of such approaches is easy, but it introduces the extra unwanted pixels in the reconstructed image. To resolve these issues, we propose novel deep learning-based approach known as Lightweight deep CNN-based approach for Single Image Super-Resolution (LDCSIR). In this paper, we propose a new architecture which is inspired by ResNet with Inception blocks, which significantly drop the computational cost of the model and increase the processing time for reconstructing the HR image. Compared with the other s...
Though, finance has been studied from several years, while behavioral finance is quite new field ... more Though, finance has been studied from several years, while behavioral finance is quite new field in financial studies which takes under consideration psychology of human being. Theories comes under behavior finance are based on the psychology, which tries to develop understanding how behavior of individual investors is being impacted by their emotions and cognitive errors. Present study is directed to examine how certain psychological biases and personality traits are influencing the investors’ trading behavior in Pakistan Commodity Market. Primary data was collected from investors of PMEX through survey questionnaires. The study has selected a sample size of 300 and after dispersion of survey questionnaires, 216 accurately filled questionnaires have been received back. Afterwards, collected data analyzed by utilizing SPSS and AMOS. The statistical tools utilized in present study included Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The outcomes of the ...
physica status solidi (a), 2022
Nitrogen doping with carbon material substantially enhances the electrochemical properties in lit... more Nitrogen doping with carbon material substantially enhances the electrochemical properties in lithium and sodium batteries. However, direct treating at high temperature fails to create high nitrogen content, thus limiting the morphological as well as electrochemical performances. Herein, a hydrophilic material xanthan and acid‐treated melamine are doped by a dual process of hydrothermal and carbonization, enabling high nitrogen content (28%) carbon spheres. The highly defected nanosphere structures (ID/IG = 1.14) enable the high specific surface area of 388 m2 g−1, which facilitates a large number of lithium/sodium ions and gives rise to remarkable electrochemical performances. When applied as an anode, the nitrogen‐doped porous sphere xanthan (NPS‐XAN) delivers a superior discharge capacity of 390 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1 for lithium anode and maintains a discharge capacity of 262 mAh g−1 after 2800 cycles at 1 A g−1 for sodium anode. This work signifies superior capacity anodes for Li/Na‐ion batteries and contributes to the long‐life cycling energy application.
In today’s cellular networks Femtocell is the air access technology that promises to cope with is... more In today’s cellular networks Femtocell is the air access technology that promises to cope with issues like weak signal strength indoor and it is also regarded as a solution that helps on a larger scale to reduce the cost and operational expenses of a mobile network while improving network’s coverage and capacity. With the joint deployment of Femtocells and Macrocells (Femtocells over the top of Macrocells), voice and data communication are carried out using cellular technology with IP backhaul through customer’s broadband connection i.e., DSL or cable modem, etc. This study covers an overview of Femtocell mainly in three areas what is femtocell, why do we need it and how is it deployed. We start with a brief discussion about the benefits and challenges related to the joint deployment of Femtocells and Macrocells. Then a few key challenges are for instance the access strategies, access technology, interference, architecture and how femtocell can be connected to 3G discussed in detail...
In this research article, we exhibit a low complexity method for a multiple-input-multiple-output... more In this research article, we exhibit a low complexity method for a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system with forward error correction (FEC) through soft interference cancellation minimum mean-squared error (SIC-MMSE) linear detecting method, which has improved performance compared with the existing methods. In traditional SIC-MMSE detector, the complexity of performing the inverse operation grows as we increase antenna size and number of iterations if we employ iterative MIMO system, where information is shared amongst FEC channel decoder and soft MIMO detector which is commonly called joint iterative detection and decoding (JIDD) system. One other issue in SIC-MMSE is the extraction of soft information whose complexity depends on extraction approach. The traditional SIC-MMSE method uses the maximum a posteriori (MAP) method to find the soft information. We propose a hybrid method to reduce its complexity. This hybrid method is based on an evaluation of soft information by c...
physica status solidi (a), 2021
It is a great challenge to develop the highly efficient cathode material for solid oxide fuel cel... more It is a great challenge to develop the highly efficient cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) at intermediate temperature, while high electronic conductivity, good thermal and chemical compatibility, and superior electrochemical performance of the AB2O4‐type spinel is attractive electrode material. Herein, the NiCo2O4 spinel is developed using the glycine‐nitrate process (GNP) method as a cathode material for IT SOFCs. The characterization of the phase structure, microstructure, and electrochemical performance are done using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that NiCo2O4 exhibited a single cubic structure and good chemical compatibility with a ((Sc2O3)0.1(CeO2)0.01(ZrO2)0.89) (ScCeSZ) electrolyte material at 900 °C for 10 h. Furthermore, a NiO–YSZ anode |NiO–YSZ, AFL | ScCeSZ |NiCo2O4 SOFC cell exhibits the maximum power density (MDP) of 0.73 and 1.04 W cm−2 at 750 and 800 °C, respectively. These results recommend the spinel‐structured NiCo2O4 is a potential cathode material for IT SOFC application.
Sukkur IBA Journal of Emerging Technologies, 2021
Pakistan is heavily dependent on imported fuel for power generation. Depending on imported fuel h... more Pakistan is heavily dependent on imported fuel for power generation. Depending on imported fuel has not only increased GHG emissions, but it has also put a burden on the national exchequer and raised apprehensions on energy security. This paper thus investigates the consequences of oil-based power generation on the economy, environment, and energy security of Pakistan. SWOT-Delphi approach has been adopted. The study discovered that the use of imported oil for power generation is detrimental to the economy, environment, and energy security of Pakistan. It further suggests that Pakistan should immediately abandon oil-based power generation and explore green energy alternatives for its sustainable economic growth. This study uses a hybrid model that combines strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (SWOT) analysis with the Delphi method.
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2020
Iterative decoding is one of the promising methods to improve the performance of MIMO systems. In... more Iterative decoding is one of the promising methods to improve the performance of MIMO systems. In iterative processing channel decoder and MIMO detector share the information in order to enhance the overall system performance. However, iterative processing requires a lot of computations therefore it is considered as a computationally complex approach due to complex detection schemes involving iterative processing. There are several promising detection methods that require further improvements and they can be candidates in order to practically implement iterative processing. In this paper, the propose method to improve the efficiency of three loop-based minimum mean squared errors with soft interference cancellation (MMSE-SIC) method by reducing its complexity with a single inverse operation. Simulation results are given in order to provide detail analysis of the proposed MMSE-SIC based approach for iterative detection and decoding (IDD).
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2020
Iterative Recognizing human activity in a scene is still a challenging and an important research ... more Iterative Recognizing human activity in a scene is still a challenging and an important research area in the field of computer vision due to its various possible implementations on many fields including autonomous driving, bio medical, machine intelligent vision etc. Recently deep learning techniques have emerged and successfully deployed models for image recognition and classification, object detection, and speech recognition. Due to promising results the state of art deep learning techniques have replaced the traditional techniques. In this paper, a novel method is presented for human activity recognition based on pretrained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model utilized as feature extractor and deep representations are followed by Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier for action recognition. It has been observed that previously learnt CNN knowledge from large scale data-set could be transferred to activity recognition task with limited training data. The proposed method is evaluated on publicly available stanford40 human action dataset, which includes 40 classes of actions and 9532 images. The comparative experiment results show that proposed method achieves better performance over conventional methods in term of accuracy and computational power.
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2019
Voice over IP (VoIP) is a developing technology and a key factor in both the emerging cyberspace ... more Voice over IP (VoIP) is a developing technology and a key factor in both the emerging cyberspace engineering and also an accomplishment to set up its position in the telecom industry. VoIP technology is based on internet technology; where data packets switching system is used rather than circuit switching. Whereas, an analog signal is changed over into the digital signals in the full-duplex transmission. VoIP technology is replaced with the conventional public switched telephone network (PSTN) system due to the high flexibility and low-cost. The purpose of this research work is to deliberate experimental and computational performance in the view of quality of service (QoS) parameters of VoIP over local area network (LAN) network. The VoIP systems implementation is based on two different operating system framework (Linux and Windows), whereas, Linux-based and Windows-based private branch exchanges (PBXs), such as Asterisk (Linux-open source) and Axon (window-close source) are configured, installed and verified. QoS factors (such as packet loss, delay, jitter, etc.) are observed over the Asterisk and Axon PBXs in a LAN domain with the assistance of Paessler switch activity grapher (PRTG) monitoring tool. The validations of results are looked at for QoS parameters crosswise over both PBXs with data load (i.e., file transfer and HTTP traffic) during VoIP calls. The productivity and execution of Axon and Asterisk have been equated and analyzed over experimental based outcomes.
Extremophiles, the microorganisms thriving in extreme environments, provide valuable resources fo... more Extremophiles, the microorganisms thriving in extreme environments, provide valuable resources for practicing novel biotechnological processes. Pakistan homes a wide spectrum of extreme environments which harbor various biotechnologically significant microorganisms. This review gauges the structural and functional bacterial diversity of several extreme environments, emphasizing their potentials as a source of extremozymes, and in bioleaching, bioremediation, and bioenergy production at regional level. Further, this review highlights a panoramic account of the local natural conservatories of extremophiles. The inadequacies of current fragmental research are discussed with suggestions to quantitatively define the structural and functional diversity of unexplored extreme localities.
International Journal of Software Engineering & Applications, 2019
In software development phase software artifacts are not in consistent states such as: some of th... more In software development phase software artifacts are not in consistent states such as: some of the class artifacts are fully developed some are half developed, some are major developed, some are minor developed and some are not developed yet. At this stage allowing too many software requirement changes may possibly delay in project delivery and increase development budget of the software. On the other hand rejecting too many changes may increase customer dissatisfaction. Software change effort estimation is one of the most challenging and important activity that helps software project managers in accepting or rejecting changes during software development phase. This paper extends our previous works on developing a software requirement change effort estimation model prototype tool for the software development phase. The significant achievements of the tool are demonstrated through an extensive experimental validation using several case studies. The experimental analysis shows improvement in the estimation accuracy over current change effort estimation models.
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2019
This study examines the deployment issues of Femtocell, which require the satisfaction level of u... more This study examines the deployment issues of Femtocell, which require the satisfaction level of users on available bandwidth. Femtocells are small Base Stations installed in Homes for the improvement of coverage and capacity of Cellular Networks. Femtocells are connected over traditional DSL, FTTH (fiber to the home) to the Network. Optimization of Cellular Network is required for efficient utilization of available bandwidth and resources. In this paper, we present deployments issues, optimizations of Femtocell, Operator perspective survey results, and Service level agreement (SLA) between cellular operators, which achieve the user's desires and support in the deployment of Femtocell Network.
2010 International Conference of Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition, 2010
... Syed Saad Azhar Ali Department of Electronics Engineering Iqra University Karachi, Pakistan e... more ... Syed Saad Azhar Ali Department of Electronics Engineering Iqra University Karachi, Pakistan e-mail: saadazhar@iqra.edu.pk AbstractDesign of fixed order controllers is an open problem which takes controller complexity into account. ...
2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics (ICCAIE), 2011
Controllers obtained from popular H∞ loop shaping techniques have much higher order than that of ... more Controllers obtained from popular H∞ loop shaping techniques have much higher order than that of the plant and are difficult to implement in industrial applications. To overcome this difficulty we propose the H∞ loop shaping control under fixed order controller. First we design the H∞ optimal controller by applying the McFarlane and Glover procedure and obtain the corresponding performance index.