Issue 11816: Refactor the dis module to provide better building blocks for bytecode analysis (original) (raw)

Created on 2011-04-10 00:20 by eltoder, last changed 2022-04-11 14:57 by admin. This issue is now closed.

Messages (48)

msg133437 - (view)

Author: Eugene Toder (eltoder) *

Date: 2011-04-10 00:20

As discussed in Issue11549 a couple of tests need to inspect disassembly of some code. Currently they have to override sys.stdout, run dis and restore stdout back. It would be much nicer if dis module provided functions that return disassembly as a string.

Provided is a patch that adds file argument to most dis functions, defaulting to sys.stdout. On top of that there are 2 new functions: dis_to_str and disassembly_to_str that return disassembly as a string instead of writing it to a file.

msg133438 - (view)

Author: Raymond Hettinger (rhettinger) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-04-10 02:08

Inspecting the text disassembly is a bit fragile for testing. It would be better to scan a list of (opcode, oparg) pairs for given pattern (i.e. (LOAD_CONST, 3) where consts[3] --> some target value).

msg133439 - (view)

Author: Eugene Toder (eltoder) *

Date: 2011-04-10 02:17

Agreed, but that would require rewriting of all tests in test_peepholer.

msg133441 - (view)

Author: Raymond Hettinger (rhettinger) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-04-10 02:44

Yep!

msg133464 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-04-10 13:55

I really like the idea of adding some lower level infrastructure to dis to make it generator based, making the disassembly more amenable to programmatic manipulation.

Consider if, for each line disassemble() currently prints, we had an underlying iterator that yielded a named tuple consisting of (index, opcode, oparg, linestart, details). I've created a proof-of-concept for that in my sandbox (http://hg.python.org/sandbox/ncoghlan/file/get_opinfo/Lib/dis.py) which adds a get_opinfo() function that does exactly. With disassemble() rewritten to use that, test_dis and test_peepholer still pass as currently written.

Near-term, test_peepholer could easily continue to do what it does now (i.e. use the higher level dis() function and redirect sys.stdout). Longer term, it could be written to analyse the opcode stream instead of doing string comparisons.

msg133465 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-04-10 13:57

Changed issue title to cover ideas like get_opinfo().

msg133466 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-04-10 13:58

Oops, I forgot to edit my comment to match the OpInfo definition I used in the proof-of-concept:

OpInfo = collections.namedtuple("OpInfo", "opindex opcode opname oparg details starts_line is_jump_target")

msg133467 - (view)

Author: Eugene Toder (eltoder) *

Date: 2011-04-10 14:05

So in the near term, dis-based tests should continue to copy/paste sys.stdout redirection code?

msg133471 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-04-10 15:46

If we decide our long term goal is the use of the opcode stream for programmatic access, then yes.

msg133479 - (view)

Author: Alex Gaynor (alex) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-04-10 20:28

FWIW in PyPy we have https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/src/default/lib_pypy/disassembler.py which we use for some of our tools.

msg133521 - (view)

Author: Jesús Cea Avión (jcea) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-04-11 14:18

Do not forget to update docs too.

msg142825 - (view)

Author: Raymond Hettinger (rhettinger) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-08-23 13:50

Nick, I still want to work on this one.

msg142831 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-08-23 14:50

The diff generator didn't work - I've uploaded the current patch manually to make it easier to review than it is in my bitbucket repo.

I just noticed there's a missing element in the docs patch at the moment - to make testing easier, Ryan added a 'file' argument to the various print-based dis functions so the output can easily be captured in a StringIO object. The docs updates don't currently reflect that, they only cover the OpInfo and get_opinfo additions (along with a clarification of the dis module's slightly odd use of the term 'free').

Aside from that, the core concept of the patch is pretty simple:

One potential criticism is the complexity of the 'expected output' for the new OpInfoTestCase, but it seemed worth it to vet the way the new code handles several cases. The programmatic nature makes the opcode sequences much easier to read and maintain than the corresponding formatted output tests would have been.

These new tests also cover an error that the previous incarnation of the test suite missed completely (I had a bug at one point where I had incorrectly omitted the second half of the list of cell names - there was no test to check that the disassembler handled references to such names correctly)

msg143491 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-09-04 11:07

Regenerated the get_opinfo patch against current 3.3 tip.

Still haven't fixed the missing doc updates mentioned in my last message, though.

msg144322 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-09-20 09:26

Attached patch should now be complete, including the documentation for the new keyword-only 'file' parameter on various dis module functions.

msg144400 - (view)

Author: Meador Inge (meador.inge) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-09-22 04:02

I took a quick look over the final patch (I will do a more thorough review later). I like the general idea a lot. The first thing that popped out at me are the names 'OpInfo' and 'get_opinfo'.

'OpInfo' makes it sound like information concerning only the opcode, but these objects really represent bytecode instructions. I see a lot of code in the future like:

for opinfo in dis.get_opinfo(thing):
    process(opinfo)

which seems vague. The following seems clearer to me:

for instr in dis.bytecode_instructions(thing):
    process(instr)

And instead of 'OpInfo' perhaps 'ByteCodeInstruction'. Even the current 'dis' documentation uses the terminology "Byte Code Instruction".

msg144401 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-09-22 04:28

'Op' is just an abbreviation of 'operation'. So 'operation code' becomes 'opcode' and 'operation information' becomes 'opinfo'. The fact that it comes for the 'dis' module gives the context that the kind of operation we're talking about is a Python byte code instruction.

When people are hacking on bytecode in the future, they'll likely end up using get_opinfo() a fair bit, so swapping the succinct 'opinfo' for the verbose 'bytecode_instruction' strikes me as a poor trade-off.

msg144409 - (view)

Author: Meador Inge (meador.inge) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-09-22 14:30

I agree that 'bytecode_instructions' is a long-winded. FWIW, I have worked on or with a fair amount instruction level things and "instruction" or "instr" seem to be the established domain terminology.

Here are a few examples:

msg146694 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-10-31 12:51

Bitbucket repo and attached patch updated relative to current tip.

msg148227 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-11-24 03:56

Meador's suggested name change has grown on me, so I plan to switch the name of the new API to "get_instructions()" and the new class to "Instruction".

msg148382 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-11-26 06:41

Somewhat inevitably, the detailed disassembler tests broke when Antoine updated the code generation for function definitions (as part of PEP 3155). (At least, the tests broke, and PEP 3155 seems the most likely culprit).

I subsequently realised there's a potential opportunity here: if Instruction objects define an eq method instead of relying on the custom "assertBytecodeExactlyMatches" helper method the new disassembly tests currently use, then the sequence diffing functionality in unittest could be very helpful in identifying and fixing discrepancies between actual output and expected output.

However, the assertBytecodeExactlyMatches() API has this concept of a "line_offset" which it uses to cope with some of the introspection fodder moving around in the files, so the question then becomes how to deal with that in the context of an eq implementation.

Accordingly, my current plan is to offer "line_offset" as a keyword-only argument to get_instructions() itself. That way, the entire sequence of generated bytecode can easily be adjusted to (for example), be based around the first line being line 1, even if the actual code object being disassembled is located elsewhere in the original source file.

msg148383 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-11-26 08:38

I have updated my BitBucket repo with the following changes:

msg148833 - (view)

Author: Ron Adam (ron_adam) *

Date: 2011-12-04 04:17

Instead of a get_instructions() function, How about using a DisCode class that defines the API for accessing Opinfo tuples of a disassembled object.

So instead of...

for instr in dis.bytecode_instructions(thing):
    process(instr)

You could use...

for instr in dis.DisCode(thing):
    process(instr)

And I would like to be able to do...

assertEqual(DisCode(thing1), DisCode(thing2))

It could also have a .dis() method that returns formatted output that matches what dis() currently prints. That would allow tests that use dis.dis() to get rid of capturing stdout with minimal changes.

 result = DisCode(func).dis()  # return a dis compatible string.

A DisCode object also offers a nice place to put documentation for the various pieces and an overall view of the new API without getting it confused with the current dis.dis() API.

It's easier for me to remember an object with methods than several separate but related functions. (YMMV)

This is very near a version of dis I did a while back where I removed the prints and returned a list of list object from dis.dis(). The returned object had repr that formatted the data so it matched the current dis output. That made it work the same in a python shell. But I could still access and alter individual lines and fields by indexing or iterating it. While it worked nicely, it wouldn't be backwards compatible.

msg148839 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-12-04 05:16

OK, there's something crazy going on with "Create Patch" failing to pick up the latest changes. I've removed all the obsolete patches, and am doing another merge from default to see if I can get it to pick things up correctly.

msg148840 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-12-04 05:59

Grr, "Create Patch" insists on trying to produce a patch based on https://bitbucket.org/ncoghlan/cpython_sandbox/changesets/9512712044a6.

That checkin is from September and ignores all my recent changes :P

Relevant meta-tracker issue: http://psf.upfronthosting.co.za/roundup/meta/issue429

Manual patch upload coming shortly...

msg148841 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-12-04 07:36

OK, manual up-to-date patch attached.

msg148842 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-12-04 07:45

@Ron: Now that it has a reasonably clear signature, I could see my way clear to making the Instruction._disassemble() method public, which makes it easy for people to compose their own disassembly output.

For all the other display methods, I prefer Ryan Kelly's suggestion of supporting a "file" argument which is then passed through to the underlying "print()" calls.

This is inconsistent with what I originally did for the code_info() APIs (where I made a separate "give me the string" function), but it's the lowest impact change that avoids the need to capture stdout.

msg148859 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2011-12-05 00:05

MvL pointed out I hadn't updated the Hg repo reference when I moved my sandbox over to BitBucket - the diff it was generating was from the last time I updated my pydotorg sandbox in order to try something on the buildbots.

msg163018 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2012-06-17 05:53

Given the imminent 3.3 beta 1 feature freeze and the fact I would like to explore Ron's suggestion of a higher level ByteCode object to encapsulate a sequence of instructions (along with additional information from the code object), postponing this one.

msg179260 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2013-01-07 12:20

To clarify the vague allusion in my last comment, Ron's suggestion was along the lines of creating a dis.Bytecode object that encapsulated everything the dis module can figure out about a piece of compiled code.

That would mean exposing the kind of info reported in a string by dis.code_info() as attributes/properties, and have the proposed "get_opinfo()" be the iter method on the disassembled Bytecode objects.

msg181970 - (view)

Author: Thomas Kluyver (takluyver) *

Date: 2013-02-12 17:49

I've updated Nick's patch so that test_dis and test_peephole pass again, and added a prototype ByteCode class (without any docs or tests for now, to allow for API discussion).

The prototype ByteCode is instantiated with any of the objects that get_instructions already accepts (functions, methods, code strings & code objects). Iterating over it yields Instruction objects. It has info(), show_info() and display_code() methods, which correspond to the code_info(), show_code() and disassemble() functions.

I've tried to go for names that make sense, rather than names that fit the existing pattern, because the existing pattern feels a bit messy. E.g. the show_code() function doesn't actually show the code, so I've called its method equivalent show_info().

msg181998 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2013-02-13 07:06

Thanks Thomas! It's a promising start - a few more detailed comments in the patch review.

I like the idea of creating the initial version as an object-oriented wrapper around the existing APIs, rather than completely refactoring the module to make everything else a functional wrapper around an underlying object-oriented implementation.

msg182321 - (view)

Author: Thomas Kluyver (takluyver) *

Date: 2013-02-18 13:40

Updated version of the patch.

Changed from review:

Still to do:

msg186148 - (view)

Author: Thomas Kluyver (takluyver) *

Date: 2013-04-06 19:14

I've added docs and tests, and split the changes to test_peepholer into a separate patch.

I haven't re-exposed details of the code object as attributes of Bytecode instances, because they're already available as e.g. bytecode.codeobj.co_names . I think it would be more confusing than useful to offer the same values in two places, though I'm open to discussion on this.

I've re-organised the dis module docs a bit. I've put Bytecode at the top, as I think it's a more intuitive API than the functions, which have somewhat counter-intuitive names due to the module's history.

msg188502 - (view)

Author: Thomas Kluyver (takluyver) *

Date: 2013-05-06 09:47

Ping - the latest patches (dis_api3 & test_peepholer) are ready for review when someone's got a moment. Thanks!

msg188529 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2013-05-06 13:02

I created issue 17916 after realising that the new OO API doesn't yet provide an equivalent to dis.distb that returns an appropriate Bytecode object.

(I don't think it makes sense to hold up this patch for that change)

msg188536 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2013-05-06 13:53

Good thing test_peepholer was moved out to a separate patch - a failure of that picked up a bug in the new disassembly output (unifying the handling of name and constant dereferences had changed the way constant strings were reported in the disassembly, and the error was consistent in both the new implementation and in the new tests due to the way the expected test results had been generated)

msg188537 - (view)

Author: Roundup Robot (python-dev) (Python triager)

Date: 2013-05-06 13:59

New changeset f65b867ce817 by Nick Coghlan in branch 'default': Issue #11816: multiple improvements to the dis module http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/f65b867ce817

msg188538 - (view)

Author: Roundup Robot (python-dev) (Python triager)

Date: 2013-05-06 14:03

New changeset d3fee4c64654 by Nick Coghlan in branch 'default': Issue #11816: switch test_peepholer to bytecode_helper http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/d3fee4c64654

msg188539 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2013-05-06 14:05

And two-and-a-bit years later, we're done - thanks all, any further feedback or problems can be filed as a new issue :)

msg188572 - (view)

Author: Charles-François Natali (neologix) * (Python committer)

Date: 2013-05-06 19:34

test_dis is failing on some buildbots:

http://buildbot.python.org/all/builders/AMD64 Ubuntu LTS 3.x/builds/1674/steps/test/logs/stdio

Re-running test 'test_dis' in verbose mode test test_dis crashed -- Traceback (most recent call last): File "/opt/python/3.x.langa-ubuntu/build/Lib/test/regrtest.py", line 1294, in runtest_inner the_module = importlib.import_module(abstest) File "/opt/python/3.x.langa-ubuntu/build/Lib/importlib/init.py", line 92, in import_module return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level) File "", line 1603, in _gcd_import File "", line 1584, in _find_and_load File "", line 1551, in _find_and_load_unlocked File "", line 591, in _check_name_wrapper File "", line 1053, in load_module File "", line 1034, in load_module File "", line 567, in module_for_loader_wrapper File "", line 901, in _load_module File "", line 297, in _call_with_frames_removed File "/opt/python/3.x.langa-ubuntu/build/Lib/test/test_dis.py", line 4, in from test.bytecode_helper import BytecodeTestCase ImportError: No module named 'test.bytecode_helper'

msg188573 - (view)

Author: Antoine Pitrou (pitrou) * (Python committer)

Date: 2013-05-06 19:37

Yes, this is bytecode_helper hasn't been added to the repository.

msg188574 - (view)

Author: Antoine Pitrou (pitrou) * (Python committer)

Date: 2013-05-06 19:37

(this is because, sorry)

msg188601 - (view)

Author: STINNER Victor (vstinner) * (Python committer)

Date: 2013-05-06 22:14

Ping! The test is still failing.

msg188602 - (view)

Author: Thomas Kluyver (takluyver) *

Date: 2013-05-06 22:21

bytecode_helper is there in dis_api3.diff - anyone with commit rights should be able to add it to the repository.

msg188604 - (view)

Author: Roundup Robot (python-dev) (Python triager)

Date: 2013-05-06 22:28

New changeset 84d1a0e32d3b by Nick Coghlan in branch 'default': Issue #11816: Add missing test helper http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/84d1a0e32d3b

msg188637 - (view)

Author: Alyssa Coghlan (ncoghlan) * (Python committer)

Date: 2013-05-07 09:55

I checked in the missing file after I woke up this morning. Maybe I'll learn to use hg import instead of patch some day...

Sorry for the noise.

msg258574 - (view)

Author: Roundup Robot (python-dev) (Python triager)

Date: 2016-01-19 07:51

New changeset bf997b22df06 by Victor Stinner in branch '3.5': Fix BytecodeTestCase.assertNotInBytecode() https://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/bf997b22df06

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rhettinger

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assignee: rhettinger

2011-04-10 20:28:30

alex

set

nosy: + alex
messages: +

2011-04-10 15:46:21

ncoghlan

set

messages: +

2011-04-10 14:05:19

eltoder

set

messages: +

2011-04-10 13:58:46

ncoghlan

set

messages: +

2011-04-10 13:57:19

ncoghlan

set

messages: +
title: Add functions to return disassembly as string -> Refactor the dis module to provide better building blocks for bytecode analysis

2011-04-10 13:55:09

ncoghlan

set

hgrepos: + hgrepo17
messages: +

2011-04-10 02:44:13

rhettinger

set

messages: +

2011-04-10 02:17:28

eltoder

set

messages: +

2011-04-10 02:08:58

rhettinger

set

nosy: + rhettinger
messages: +

2011-04-10 00:24:39

eltoder

set

nosy: + ncoghlan

2011-04-10 00:23:23

eltoder

set

files: + dis.patch

2011-04-10 00:23:11

eltoder

set

files: - dis.diff

2011-04-10 00:20:08

eltoder

create