In setup.py, _dbm links to gdbm_compat only. If gdbm is built as dynamic libraries, libgdbm_compat.so has a NEEDED flag for libgdbm.so, so both symbols in libgdbm and libgdbm_compat can be used. However, as static libraries does not provide such a flag, importing _dbm raises ImportError: shell@ASUS_Z00E_2:/data/local/tmp $ python3.7m -c 'import _dbm' Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in ImportError: dlopen failed: cannot locate symbol "gdbm_errno" referenced by "/data/local/tmp/python3/usr/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload/_dbm.cpython-37m.so"... gdbm_errno is a symbol in libgdbm.a. gdbm manual [1] suggests linking to both libraries, too. [1] http://www.gnu.org.ua/software/gdbm/manual/html_node/Compatibility.html