Zachary Tambudzai | Bindura University of Science Education (original) (raw)
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Papers by Zachary Tambudzai
Journal of Economic Policy and Management Issues, 2023
The primary aim of this study was to examine the perceived impact of climate variation and change... more The primary aim of this study was to examine the perceived impact of climate variation and change on agricultural productivity using the Mazowe district as a case study. The study's specific goals were to ascertain farmers' level of knowledge regarding the effects of climate variability and change, examine how farmers perceive these effects on farming output, and ascertain how climate adaptation strategies affect agricultural production. A cross-sectional research design and a mixed-method technique were used to investigate the impact of climate change. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected using interviews with key informants and semi-structured survey questions. Commercial farmers, extension agents, district administrators, district representatives from the Agricultural and Rural Development Authority, district representatives from the Lands, Agriculture, Fisheries, Water, Climate and Rural Development, as well as district Grain Marketing Board (GMB) officials in the Mazowe district were included in the study's target audience. Both simple random sampling and purposeful sampling were used in the investigation. The study found that while climate change had a negative influence on agricultural production, adaptation to the shift had a considerable positive benefit. According to the study, farmers were also aware of the negative effects and potential dangers of climate variability and change. The study recommended education and training programs for farmers regarding the impacts of climate variation and change to ensure the adoption of innovative adaptive strategies such as smart agriculture, artificial insemination, and underground water harvesting.
The introduction of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Zimbabwe is currently a topical issue. The s... more The introduction of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Zimbabwe is currently a topical issue. The success of the ZIMASSET Plan in growing the economy depends on how much investment the country is able to attract from within and outside its borders. Special Economic Zones are renowned for their ability to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from developed countries. This paper’s main thrust is to generate more debate and enthusiasms among stakeholders in SEZ development. The paper gives background information to the introduction of SEZs in Zimbabwe, and discusses the objectives and benefits of SEZS to developing countries and more specifically Zimbabwe. A literature survey revealed the African and Asian experience with SEZs. In the process, common mistakes that Zimbabwe must avoid are given and key success factors are highlighted. The article then attempts to build a case for the establishment of a tourism zone in Victoria Falls. The Chinese experience clearly support the conduci...
Military expenditure in developing countries and Africa in particular has over the years produced... more Military expenditure in developing countries and Africa in particular has over the years produced a varying mix of positive and negative economic development effects across countries. In Africa milex and conflict had an overall negative impact on economic growth and development. Conflict also negatively affects efforts at consolidating regional integration in general. The negative effects are most pronounced in countries facing legitimacy and security crises like Zimbabwe and the DRC. Countries afflicted by conflict and poverty pay higher economic costs for their national security. The paper explores the effect of regional integration on military expenditure in Southern Africa. The basic premise of the research is that economic integration reduces conflict and eventually military expenditure. In addition regional security integration (via a peace dividend) may have positive economic externalities through uninterrupted trade been member states in regional groupings. There is dearth of studies that focused on the relationship between conflict or military expenditure and regional integration in southern Africa. Most of the studies focus on the benefits and strategies that enhance regional integration, without analyzing the importance of regional integration to security sector developments. Security sector studies have in general ignored the importance of economic and regional integration in ensuring reduction in military spending while consolidating peace. The results of this study show that regional integration has a negative impact on military expenditure in southern Africa.
Midlands State University, 2015
Midlands State University, 2015
my mentor and supervisor, Geoffrey T Harris (the grant holder) for valuable comments and moral su... more my mentor and supervisor, Geoffrey T Harris (the grant holder) for valuable comments and moral support..
The paper seeks to find out the effectiveness of ICT
Economic growth is a prerequisite to economic development. Conflict is associated with costs that... more Economic growth is a prerequisite to economic development. Conflict is associated with costs that affect economic development levels. Identifying conflict costs could be a difficult task but the categorization of conflict costs into physical costs, human costs, social costs, natural costs and environmental costs as provided by Harris(1997) was used to determine the costs of the Niger Delta conflict. The aim of this paper is to examine the costs of conflict in the Niger Delta and the level of economic development in the region. This paper will investigate the relationship that exists between the costs of conflict and the level of economic development in the Niger Delta. The study uses development indicators such as the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Gini coefficient. Findings show that there was economic growth in the Niger Delta as the PCE level increased in the year 2004 compared to the year 1996. However, this economic growth did not lead to economic development in the Nige...
Most of the papers on the determinants of milex in Africa have taken a quantitative or econometri... more Most of the papers on the determinants of milex in Africa have taken a quantitative or econometric approach. Few have attempted a qualitative approach that investigates underlying motives for huge milex especially in Southern Africa. This study tests a model located within the public choice approach to economics using data drawn from interviews with key informants and documentary sources to derive salient determinants of milex in Zimbabwe and South Africa. The empirical findings suggest that Zimbabwe’s milex since 1980 has been influenced by internal political dynamics and to a lesser extend by economic factors. The most significant factors include regime security, elite corruption and liberation war hang-over and fear. In South Africa the milex level and composition are clearly formulated, transparent and are adhered to with respect to recurrent expenditures. However, recent military procurement history reveals increasing cabinet authoritarianism, a lack of transparency, signific...
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is widely considered one essential element for achieving sustaina... more Foreign direct investment (FDI) is widely considered one essential element for achieving sustainable development. This paper seeks to establish how much of the FDI activities in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have translated into economic benefit for the host countries. It extends the analysis of aggregate FDI-growth relationships to intra and inter-sector spill-over effects, thereby reconciling the often inconclusive evidence on the growth impact of FDI in SSA. An interrogation of the figures in an econometric estimation of the FDI-growth relationship reveals that while FDI may seem like a key phenomenon of the century when measured by the rate it has been growing in Africa, this international interest in the region is yet to be translated into generation of livelihood and growth opportunities for recipient countries. The findings are important in light of Zimbabwe’s current economic woes characterized by low FDI inflows. FDI attraction has been proffered as a panacea to the current re...
Military expenditure in developing countries and Africa in particular has over the years produced... more Military expenditure in developing countries and Africa in particular has over the years produced a varying mix of positive and negative economic development effects across countries. In Africa milex and conflict had an overall negative impact on economic growth and development. Conflict also negatively affects efforts at consolidating regional integration in general. The negative effects are most pronounced in countries facing legitimacy and security crises like Zimbabwe and the DRC. Countries afflicted by conflict and poverty pay higher economic costs for their national security. The paper explores the effect of regional integration on military expenditure in Southern Africa. The basic premise of the research is that economic integration reduces conflict and eventually military expenditure. In addition regional security integration (via a peace dividend) may have positive economic externalities through uninterrupted trade been member states in regional groupings. There is dearth o...
Despite the theoretical argument that FDI creates employment opportunities in the host country, e... more Despite the theoretical argument that FDI creates employment opportunities in the host country, empirical evidence provides mixed results. Against this background, the study has examined the impact of FDI on employment in Zimbabwe using annual time series data that spans from 1985 to 2012. The study employed a multivariate linear regression model which was estimated by the Stock and Watson Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) technique to control for endogeneity and simultaneity. To avoid spurious regression, time series data was subjected to unit root tests using the Augmented Dickey Fuller test. The results of this exercise revealed that majority of the variables follow a non-stationary process. The Engel Granger method was then used to test for cointegration to determine whether the non-stationary variables shared a common stochastic trend. Basing on the residual which was stationary, it was concluded that the variables moved together in the long run. The results from the dynami...
Journal of Economic Policy and Management Issues, 2023
The primary aim of this study was to examine the perceived impact of climate variation and change... more The primary aim of this study was to examine the perceived impact of climate variation and change on agricultural productivity using the Mazowe district as a case study. The study's specific goals were to ascertain farmers' level of knowledge regarding the effects of climate variability and change, examine how farmers perceive these effects on farming output, and ascertain how climate adaptation strategies affect agricultural production. A cross-sectional research design and a mixed-method technique were used to investigate the impact of climate change. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected using interviews with key informants and semi-structured survey questions. Commercial farmers, extension agents, district administrators, district representatives from the Agricultural and Rural Development Authority, district representatives from the Lands, Agriculture, Fisheries, Water, Climate and Rural Development, as well as district Grain Marketing Board (GMB) officials in the Mazowe district were included in the study's target audience. Both simple random sampling and purposeful sampling were used in the investigation. The study found that while climate change had a negative influence on agricultural production, adaptation to the shift had a considerable positive benefit. According to the study, farmers were also aware of the negative effects and potential dangers of climate variability and change. The study recommended education and training programs for farmers regarding the impacts of climate variation and change to ensure the adoption of innovative adaptive strategies such as smart agriculture, artificial insemination, and underground water harvesting.
The introduction of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Zimbabwe is currently a topical issue. The s... more The introduction of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Zimbabwe is currently a topical issue. The success of the ZIMASSET Plan in growing the economy depends on how much investment the country is able to attract from within and outside its borders. Special Economic Zones are renowned for their ability to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from developed countries. This paper’s main thrust is to generate more debate and enthusiasms among stakeholders in SEZ development. The paper gives background information to the introduction of SEZs in Zimbabwe, and discusses the objectives and benefits of SEZS to developing countries and more specifically Zimbabwe. A literature survey revealed the African and Asian experience with SEZs. In the process, common mistakes that Zimbabwe must avoid are given and key success factors are highlighted. The article then attempts to build a case for the establishment of a tourism zone in Victoria Falls. The Chinese experience clearly support the conduci...
Military expenditure in developing countries and Africa in particular has over the years produced... more Military expenditure in developing countries and Africa in particular has over the years produced a varying mix of positive and negative economic development effects across countries. In Africa milex and conflict had an overall negative impact on economic growth and development. Conflict also negatively affects efforts at consolidating regional integration in general. The negative effects are most pronounced in countries facing legitimacy and security crises like Zimbabwe and the DRC. Countries afflicted by conflict and poverty pay higher economic costs for their national security. The paper explores the effect of regional integration on military expenditure in Southern Africa. The basic premise of the research is that economic integration reduces conflict and eventually military expenditure. In addition regional security integration (via a peace dividend) may have positive economic externalities through uninterrupted trade been member states in regional groupings. There is dearth of studies that focused on the relationship between conflict or military expenditure and regional integration in southern Africa. Most of the studies focus on the benefits and strategies that enhance regional integration, without analyzing the importance of regional integration to security sector developments. Security sector studies have in general ignored the importance of economic and regional integration in ensuring reduction in military spending while consolidating peace. The results of this study show that regional integration has a negative impact on military expenditure in southern Africa.
Midlands State University, 2015
Midlands State University, 2015
my mentor and supervisor, Geoffrey T Harris (the grant holder) for valuable comments and moral su... more my mentor and supervisor, Geoffrey T Harris (the grant holder) for valuable comments and moral support..
The paper seeks to find out the effectiveness of ICT
Economic growth is a prerequisite to economic development. Conflict is associated with costs that... more Economic growth is a prerequisite to economic development. Conflict is associated with costs that affect economic development levels. Identifying conflict costs could be a difficult task but the categorization of conflict costs into physical costs, human costs, social costs, natural costs and environmental costs as provided by Harris(1997) was used to determine the costs of the Niger Delta conflict. The aim of this paper is to examine the costs of conflict in the Niger Delta and the level of economic development in the region. This paper will investigate the relationship that exists between the costs of conflict and the level of economic development in the Niger Delta. The study uses development indicators such as the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Gini coefficient. Findings show that there was economic growth in the Niger Delta as the PCE level increased in the year 2004 compared to the year 1996. However, this economic growth did not lead to economic development in the Nige...
Most of the papers on the determinants of milex in Africa have taken a quantitative or econometri... more Most of the papers on the determinants of milex in Africa have taken a quantitative or econometric approach. Few have attempted a qualitative approach that investigates underlying motives for huge milex especially in Southern Africa. This study tests a model located within the public choice approach to economics using data drawn from interviews with key informants and documentary sources to derive salient determinants of milex in Zimbabwe and South Africa. The empirical findings suggest that Zimbabwe’s milex since 1980 has been influenced by internal political dynamics and to a lesser extend by economic factors. The most significant factors include regime security, elite corruption and liberation war hang-over and fear. In South Africa the milex level and composition are clearly formulated, transparent and are adhered to with respect to recurrent expenditures. However, recent military procurement history reveals increasing cabinet authoritarianism, a lack of transparency, signific...
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is widely considered one essential element for achieving sustaina... more Foreign direct investment (FDI) is widely considered one essential element for achieving sustainable development. This paper seeks to establish how much of the FDI activities in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have translated into economic benefit for the host countries. It extends the analysis of aggregate FDI-growth relationships to intra and inter-sector spill-over effects, thereby reconciling the often inconclusive evidence on the growth impact of FDI in SSA. An interrogation of the figures in an econometric estimation of the FDI-growth relationship reveals that while FDI may seem like a key phenomenon of the century when measured by the rate it has been growing in Africa, this international interest in the region is yet to be translated into generation of livelihood and growth opportunities for recipient countries. The findings are important in light of Zimbabwe’s current economic woes characterized by low FDI inflows. FDI attraction has been proffered as a panacea to the current re...
Military expenditure in developing countries and Africa in particular has over the years produced... more Military expenditure in developing countries and Africa in particular has over the years produced a varying mix of positive and negative economic development effects across countries. In Africa milex and conflict had an overall negative impact on economic growth and development. Conflict also negatively affects efforts at consolidating regional integration in general. The negative effects are most pronounced in countries facing legitimacy and security crises like Zimbabwe and the DRC. Countries afflicted by conflict and poverty pay higher economic costs for their national security. The paper explores the effect of regional integration on military expenditure in Southern Africa. The basic premise of the research is that economic integration reduces conflict and eventually military expenditure. In addition regional security integration (via a peace dividend) may have positive economic externalities through uninterrupted trade been member states in regional groupings. There is dearth o...
Despite the theoretical argument that FDI creates employment opportunities in the host country, e... more Despite the theoretical argument that FDI creates employment opportunities in the host country, empirical evidence provides mixed results. Against this background, the study has examined the impact of FDI on employment in Zimbabwe using annual time series data that spans from 1985 to 2012. The study employed a multivariate linear regression model which was estimated by the Stock and Watson Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) technique to control for endogeneity and simultaneity. To avoid spurious regression, time series data was subjected to unit root tests using the Augmented Dickey Fuller test. The results of this exercise revealed that majority of the variables follow a non-stationary process. The Engel Granger method was then used to test for cointegration to determine whether the non-stationary variables shared a common stochastic trend. Basing on the residual which was stationary, it was concluded that the variables moved together in the long run. The results from the dynami...