Jaromy Green | Butler Community College (original) (raw)
Papers by Jaromy Green
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2004
The Inilchek Glacier, located in the Tien Shan Mountains, central Asia, is unique among mid-latit... more The Inilchek Glacier, located in the Tien Shan Mountains, central Asia, is unique among mid-latitude glaciers because of its relatively large average annual accumulation. In July 2000, two ice cores of 162 and 167 meters (m) in length were collected from the Inilchek Glacier for (chlorine-36) 36 Cl analysis a part of a collaborative international effort to study the environmental changes archived in mid-latitude glaciers worldwide. The average annual precipitation at the collection site was calculated to be 1.6 m. In contrast, the reported average annual accumulations at the highlatitude Dye-3 glacial site, Greenland, the mid-latitude Guliya Ice Cap, China, and the mid-latitude Upper Fremont Glacier, Wyoming, USA, were 0.52, 0.16 and 0.76 m, respectively. The resolution of the 36 Cl record in one of the Inilchek ice cores was from 2 to 10 times higher than the resolution of the records at these other sites and could provide an opportunity for detailed study of environmental changes that have occurred over the past 150 years. Despite the differences in accumulation among these various glacial sites, the 36 Cl profile and peak concentrations for the Inilchek ice core were remarkably similar in shape and magnitude to those for ice cores from these other sites. The 36 Cl peak concentration from 1958, the year during the mid-1900s nuclear-weapons-tests period when 36 Cl fallout was largest, was preserved in the Inilchek core at a depth of 90.56 m below the surface of the glacier (74.14-m-depth water equivalent) at a concentration of 7.7 • 10 5 atoms of 36 Cl/gram (g) of ice. Peak 36 Cl concentrations from Dye-3, Guliya and the Upper Fremont glacial sites were 7.1 • 10 5 , 5.4 • 10 5 and 0.7 • 10 5 atoms of 36 Cl/g of ice, respectively. Measurements of 36 Cl preserved in ice cores improve estimates of historical worldwide atmospheric deposition of this isotope and allow the sources of 36 Cl in ground water to be better identified.
Scientific Investigations Report, 2005
Linear-regression analysis was applied to stable hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) isotope data in 72 s... more Linear-regression analysis was applied to stable hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) isotope data in 72 snow-core and precipitation samples collected during 1999-2001 to determine the Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL) for southeastern Idaho, western Wyoming, and south-central Montana. On the basis of (1) residuals from the regression model, (2) comparison of study-area deuterium-excess (d-excess) values with the global range of d-excess values, and (3) outlier analysis by means of Chauvenet's Criterion, values of four samples were excluded from final regression analysis of the dataset. Regression results for the 68 remaining samples yielded a LMWL defined by the equation δ 2 H = 7.95 δ 18 O + 8.09 (r 2 = 0.98). This equation will be useful as a reference point for future studies in this area that use stable isotopes of H and O to determine sources of groundwater recharge, to determine water-mineral exchange, to evaluate surface-water and groundwater interaction, and to analyze many other geochemical and hydrologic problems.
AIP Conference Proceedings, 2009
ABSTRACT Photon activation analysis detected elements in two NIST standards that did not have rep... more ABSTRACT Photon activation analysis detected elements in two NIST standards that did not have reported concentration values. A method is currently being developed to infer these concentrations by using scaling parameters and the appropriate known quantities within the NIST standard itself. Scaling parameters include: threshold, peak and endpoint energies; photo-nuclear cross sections for specific isotopes; Bremstrahlung spectrum; target thickness; and photon flux. Photo-nuclear cross sections and energies from the unknown elements must also be known. With these quantities, the same integral was performed for both the known and unknown elements resulting in an inference of the concentration of the un-reported element based on the reported value. Since Rb and Mn were elements that were reported in the standards, and because they had well-identified peaks, they were used as the standards of inference to determine concentrations of the unreported elements of As, I, Nb, Y, and Zr. This method was tested by choosing other known elements within the standards and inferring a value based on the stated procedure. The reported value of Mn in the first NIST standard was 403+/-15 ppm and the reported value of Ca in the second NIST standard was 87000 ppm (no reported uncertainty). The inferred concentrations were 370+/-23 ppm and 80200+/-8700 ppm respectively.
Measurements of chlorine-36 (3GCI)were made for 64 water, snow, and glacial-ice and-runoff sample... more Measurements of chlorine-36 (3GCI)were made for 64 water, snow, and glacial-ice and-runoff samples to determine the meteoric and weaponstests-produced concentrations and fluxes of this radionuclide at mid-latitudes in North America. The results will facilitate the use of 36C1as a hydrogeologic tracer at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laborato~(INEEL). This information was used to estimate meteoric and weapons-tests contributions of this nuclide to environmental inventories at and near the INEEL. Eighteen surface-water samples from six sites were selected from the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) archive-sample library at the INEEL for 36CI analyses. These 18 samples had been collected during 1969-94; 36CI concentrations ranged from 0.2*0.02 x 108 to 2.2*0.05 x 108 atoms/liter (atoms/L). In 1994-95, an additional 14 surface-water and 2 spring samples from the eastern Snake River Plain were collected and analyzed for 36CI"36CI concentrations ranged from 0.014*0.001 '8 x 10 to 6.2~0.7 x 108 atoms/L, a range similar to the range of concentrations in the 18 archived samples. For comparison, 36C1concentrations in water from two monitoring wells at the INEEL were as large as 0.06*0.003 x 108 atoms/L for the well (Site 14) not affected by site waste disposal and 19,0001914 x 108 atoms/L for the well (USGS 77) about 500 meters (m) hydraulically downgradient from the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC).
Earth Paleoenvironments: Records Preserved in Mid- and Low-Latitude Glaciers
Because the majority of the word’s population live at mid- and low-latitudes, it is vital to unde... more Because the majority of the word’s population live at mid- and low-latitudes, it is vital to understand how the environment is changing, on local, regional, and global scales. Mid- and low-latitude glaciers provide a unique opportunity to look at how the environment has changed in the past, how it is changing today, and to project possible changes in the future. The study of mid- and low-latitude glacial ice is not simple, but the process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting such ice has been, and continues to be, refined. New techniques, lower analytical detection levels, and expanded studies have provided a solid foundation on which to base the wealth of data recorded in mid- and low-latitude glaciers, which in turn facilitates application of the information obtained to societal problems and resource evaluation.
Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research
AIP Conference Proceedings, 2011
Photon Activation Analysis (PAA) of environmental, archaeological and industrial samples requires... more Photon Activation Analysis (PAA) of environmental, archaeological and industrial samples requires extensive data analysis that is susceptible to error. For the purpose of saving time, manpower and minimizing error, a computer program was designed, built and implemented using SQL, Access 2007 and asp.net technology to automate this process. Based on the peak information of the spectrum and assisted by its PAA library, the program automatically identifies elements in the samples and calculates their concentrations and respective uncertainties. The software also could be operated in browser/server mode, which gives the possibility to use it anywhere the internet is accessible. By switching the nuclide library and the related formula behind, the new software can be easily expanded to neutron activation analysis (NAA), charged particle activation analysis (CPAA) or proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Implementation of this would standardize the analysis of nuclear activation data. Results from this software were compared to standard PAA analysis with excellent agreement. With minimum input from the user, the software has proven to be fast, userfriendly and reliable.
Abstract. Using certified multi-element reference materials for instrumental analyses one frequen... more Abstract. Using certified multi-element reference materials for instrumental analyses one frequently is confronted with the embarrassing fact that the concentration of some desired elements are not given in the respective certificate, nonetheless are detectable, eg by ...
Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research, 2004
Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology, 2000
The Upper Fremont Glacier (UFG), a mid-latitude glacier in the Wind River Range, Wyoming, U.S.A.,... more The Upper Fremont Glacier (UFG), a mid-latitude glacier in the Wind River Range, Wyoming, U.S.A., contains a record of atmospheric mercury deposition. Although some polar ice-core studies have provided a limited record of past mercury deposition, polar cores are, at best, proxy indicators of historic mercury deposition in the mid-latitudes. Two ice cores removed from the UFG in 1991 and 1998 (totaling 160 meters in length) provided a chronology and paleoenvironmental framework. This aids in the interpretation of the mercury deposition record. For the first time reported from a mid-latitude ice core, using low-level procedures, 97 ice core samples were analyzed to reconstruct a 270-year atmospheric mercury deposition record based in the western United States. Trends in mercury concentration from the UFG record major releases to the atmosphere of both natural and anthropogenic mercury from regional and global sources. We find that mercury concentrations are significantly, but for rela...
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2000
Chlorine-36 ( 36 Cl) derived from processed nuclear waste that was disposed at the US Department ... more Chlorine-36 ( 36 Cl) derived from processed nuclear waste that was disposed at the US Department of Energy's Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) through a deep injection well in 1958, was detected 2428 yr later in groundwater monitoring wells ...
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2000
... Chlorine-36 ( 36 Cl) concentrations, 36 Cl/Cl ratios, and 36 Cl fluxes in ice-core samples co... more ... Chlorine-36 ( 36 Cl) concentrations, 36 Cl/Cl ratios, and 36 Cl fluxes in ice-core samples collected from the Upper Fremont Glacier (UFG) in the Wind River Mountain Range, Wyoming, United States, and the Nangpai Gosum Glacier (NGG) in the Himalayan Mountains, Nepal ...
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2011
ABSTRACT Photon activation analysis (PAA) includes extensive data evaluation that is sensitive to... more ABSTRACT Photon activation analysis (PAA) includes extensive data evaluation that is sensitive to error. In order to save time and minimize human error, a new computer program—photon activation analysis system (PAAS)—was designed, built and implemented using the SQL language and Asp.net technology to analyze PAA data. Given peak information from PAA spectra and aided by a photonuclear data library, the program identifies the product isotopes, recognizes the possible nuclear reactions, and evaluates the concentration of target elements. Uncertainties of concentrations are estimated using standard error propagation techniques. The program can be accessed conveniently anywhere the internet is available and gives a fast and reliable determination of the trace elemental content of samples. Furthermore, this program also allow one to search its database for the information of general photonuclear reactions (e.g. energy lines, line intensities, target and product nuclides, photonuclear reactions, cross sections, natural abundance, etc.) and estimating the activity even before the activation begins. By switching the nuclide libraries, the program could also be expanded to neutron activation analysis and charged particle activation analysis (CPAA) without any difficulty. This program can be a versatile tool for the daily use of the nuclear and radiochemistry laboratories that conduct activation analysis.
Geophysical Research Letters, 2003
Stable water isotope (d 18 O, dD) data from a high elevation (5100 masl) ice core recovered from ... more Stable water isotope (d 18 O, dD) data from a high elevation (5100 masl) ice core recovered from the Tien Shan Mountains, Kyrgyzstan, display a seasonal cycle in deuterium excess (d = dD À 8*d 18 O) related to changes in the regional hydrologic cycle during 1994-2000. While there is a strong correlation (r 2 = 0.98) between d 18 O and dD in the ice core samples, the regression slope (6.9) and mean d value (23.0) are significantly different than the global meteoric water line values. The resulting time-series ice core d profile contains distinct winter maxima and summer minima, with a yearly d amplitude of $15-20%. Localscale processes that may affect d values preserved in the ice core are not consistent with the observed seasonal variability. Data from Central Asian monitoring sites in the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) have similar seasonal d changes. We suggest that regionalscale hydrological conditions, including seasonal changes in moisture source, transport, and recycling in the Caspian/ Aral Sea region, are responsible for the observed spatial and temporal d variability.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2004
The Inilchek Glacier, located in the Tien Shan Mountains, central Asia, is unique among mid-latit... more The Inilchek Glacier, located in the Tien Shan Mountains, central Asia, is unique among mid-latitude glaciers because of its relatively large average annual accumulation. In July 2000, two ice cores of 162 and 167 meters (m) in length were collected from the Inilchek Glacier for (chlorine-36) 36 Cl analysis a part of a collaborative international effort to study the environmental changes archived in mid-latitude glaciers worldwide. The average annual precipitation at the collection site was calculated to be 1.6 m. In contrast, the reported average annual accumulations at the highlatitude Dye-3 glacial site, Greenland, the mid-latitude Guliya Ice Cap, China, and the mid-latitude Upper Fremont Glacier, Wyoming, USA, were 0.52, 0.16 and 0.76 m, respectively. The resolution of the 36 Cl record in one of the Inilchek ice cores was from 2 to 10 times higher than the resolution of the records at these other sites and could provide an opportunity for detailed study of environmental changes that have occurred over the past 150 years. Despite the differences in accumulation among these various glacial sites, the 36 Cl profile and peak concentrations for the Inilchek ice core were remarkably similar in shape and magnitude to those for ice cores from these other sites. The 36 Cl peak concentration from 1958, the year during the mid-1900s nuclear-weapons-tests period when 36 Cl fallout was largest, was preserved in the Inilchek core at a depth of 90.56 m below the surface of the glacier (74.14-m-depth water equivalent) at a concentration of 7.7 • 10 5 atoms of 36 Cl/gram (g) of ice. Peak 36 Cl concentrations from Dye-3, Guliya and the Upper Fremont glacial sites were 7.1 • 10 5 , 5.4 • 10 5 and 0.7 • 10 5 atoms of 36 Cl/g of ice, respectively. Measurements of 36 Cl preserved in ice cores improve estimates of historical worldwide atmospheric deposition of this isotope and allow the sources of 36 Cl in ground water to be better identified.
Scientific Investigations Report, 2005
Linear-regression analysis was applied to stable hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) isotope data in 72 s... more Linear-regression analysis was applied to stable hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) isotope data in 72 snow-core and precipitation samples collected during 1999-2001 to determine the Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL) for southeastern Idaho, western Wyoming, and south-central Montana. On the basis of (1) residuals from the regression model, (2) comparison of study-area deuterium-excess (d-excess) values with the global range of d-excess values, and (3) outlier analysis by means of Chauvenet's Criterion, values of four samples were excluded from final regression analysis of the dataset. Regression results for the 68 remaining samples yielded a LMWL defined by the equation δ 2 H = 7.95 δ 18 O + 8.09 (r 2 = 0.98). This equation will be useful as a reference point for future studies in this area that use stable isotopes of H and O to determine sources of groundwater recharge, to determine water-mineral exchange, to evaluate surface-water and groundwater interaction, and to analyze many other geochemical and hydrologic problems.
AIP Conference Proceedings, 2009
ABSTRACT Photon activation analysis detected elements in two NIST standards that did not have rep... more ABSTRACT Photon activation analysis detected elements in two NIST standards that did not have reported concentration values. A method is currently being developed to infer these concentrations by using scaling parameters and the appropriate known quantities within the NIST standard itself. Scaling parameters include: threshold, peak and endpoint energies; photo-nuclear cross sections for specific isotopes; Bremstrahlung spectrum; target thickness; and photon flux. Photo-nuclear cross sections and energies from the unknown elements must also be known. With these quantities, the same integral was performed for both the known and unknown elements resulting in an inference of the concentration of the un-reported element based on the reported value. Since Rb and Mn were elements that were reported in the standards, and because they had well-identified peaks, they were used as the standards of inference to determine concentrations of the unreported elements of As, I, Nb, Y, and Zr. This method was tested by choosing other known elements within the standards and inferring a value based on the stated procedure. The reported value of Mn in the first NIST standard was 403+/-15 ppm and the reported value of Ca in the second NIST standard was 87000 ppm (no reported uncertainty). The inferred concentrations were 370+/-23 ppm and 80200+/-8700 ppm respectively.
Measurements of chlorine-36 (3GCI)were made for 64 water, snow, and glacial-ice and-runoff sample... more Measurements of chlorine-36 (3GCI)were made for 64 water, snow, and glacial-ice and-runoff samples to determine the meteoric and weaponstests-produced concentrations and fluxes of this radionuclide at mid-latitudes in North America. The results will facilitate the use of 36C1as a hydrogeologic tracer at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laborato~(INEEL). This information was used to estimate meteoric and weapons-tests contributions of this nuclide to environmental inventories at and near the INEEL. Eighteen surface-water samples from six sites were selected from the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) archive-sample library at the INEEL for 36CI analyses. These 18 samples had been collected during 1969-94; 36CI concentrations ranged from 0.2*0.02 x 108 to 2.2*0.05 x 108 atoms/liter (atoms/L). In 1994-95, an additional 14 surface-water and 2 spring samples from the eastern Snake River Plain were collected and analyzed for 36CI"36CI concentrations ranged from 0.014*0.001 '8 x 10 to 6.2~0.7 x 108 atoms/L, a range similar to the range of concentrations in the 18 archived samples. For comparison, 36C1concentrations in water from two monitoring wells at the INEEL were as large as 0.06*0.003 x 108 atoms/L for the well (Site 14) not affected by site waste disposal and 19,0001914 x 108 atoms/L for the well (USGS 77) about 500 meters (m) hydraulically downgradient from the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC).
Earth Paleoenvironments: Records Preserved in Mid- and Low-Latitude Glaciers
Because the majority of the word’s population live at mid- and low-latitudes, it is vital to unde... more Because the majority of the word’s population live at mid- and low-latitudes, it is vital to understand how the environment is changing, on local, regional, and global scales. Mid- and low-latitude glaciers provide a unique opportunity to look at how the environment has changed in the past, how it is changing today, and to project possible changes in the future. The study of mid- and low-latitude glacial ice is not simple, but the process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting such ice has been, and continues to be, refined. New techniques, lower analytical detection levels, and expanded studies have provided a solid foundation on which to base the wealth of data recorded in mid- and low-latitude glaciers, which in turn facilitates application of the information obtained to societal problems and resource evaluation.
Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research
AIP Conference Proceedings, 2011
Photon Activation Analysis (PAA) of environmental, archaeological and industrial samples requires... more Photon Activation Analysis (PAA) of environmental, archaeological and industrial samples requires extensive data analysis that is susceptible to error. For the purpose of saving time, manpower and minimizing error, a computer program was designed, built and implemented using SQL, Access 2007 and asp.net technology to automate this process. Based on the peak information of the spectrum and assisted by its PAA library, the program automatically identifies elements in the samples and calculates their concentrations and respective uncertainties. The software also could be operated in browser/server mode, which gives the possibility to use it anywhere the internet is accessible. By switching the nuclide library and the related formula behind, the new software can be easily expanded to neutron activation analysis (NAA), charged particle activation analysis (CPAA) or proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Implementation of this would standardize the analysis of nuclear activation data. Results from this software were compared to standard PAA analysis with excellent agreement. With minimum input from the user, the software has proven to be fast, userfriendly and reliable.
Abstract. Using certified multi-element reference materials for instrumental analyses one frequen... more Abstract. Using certified multi-element reference materials for instrumental analyses one frequently is confronted with the embarrassing fact that the concentration of some desired elements are not given in the respective certificate, nonetheless are detectable, eg by ...
Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research, 2004
Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology, 2000
The Upper Fremont Glacier (UFG), a mid-latitude glacier in the Wind River Range, Wyoming, U.S.A.,... more The Upper Fremont Glacier (UFG), a mid-latitude glacier in the Wind River Range, Wyoming, U.S.A., contains a record of atmospheric mercury deposition. Although some polar ice-core studies have provided a limited record of past mercury deposition, polar cores are, at best, proxy indicators of historic mercury deposition in the mid-latitudes. Two ice cores removed from the UFG in 1991 and 1998 (totaling 160 meters in length) provided a chronology and paleoenvironmental framework. This aids in the interpretation of the mercury deposition record. For the first time reported from a mid-latitude ice core, using low-level procedures, 97 ice core samples were analyzed to reconstruct a 270-year atmospheric mercury deposition record based in the western United States. Trends in mercury concentration from the UFG record major releases to the atmosphere of both natural and anthropogenic mercury from regional and global sources. We find that mercury concentrations are significantly, but for rela...
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2000
Chlorine-36 ( 36 Cl) derived from processed nuclear waste that was disposed at the US Department ... more Chlorine-36 ( 36 Cl) derived from processed nuclear waste that was disposed at the US Department of Energy's Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) through a deep injection well in 1958, was detected 2428 yr later in groundwater monitoring wells ...
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2000
... Chlorine-36 ( 36 Cl) concentrations, 36 Cl/Cl ratios, and 36 Cl fluxes in ice-core samples co... more ... Chlorine-36 ( 36 Cl) concentrations, 36 Cl/Cl ratios, and 36 Cl fluxes in ice-core samples collected from the Upper Fremont Glacier (UFG) in the Wind River Mountain Range, Wyoming, United States, and the Nangpai Gosum Glacier (NGG) in the Himalayan Mountains, Nepal ...
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2011
ABSTRACT Photon activation analysis (PAA) includes extensive data evaluation that is sensitive to... more ABSTRACT Photon activation analysis (PAA) includes extensive data evaluation that is sensitive to error. In order to save time and minimize human error, a new computer program—photon activation analysis system (PAAS)—was designed, built and implemented using the SQL language and Asp.net technology to analyze PAA data. Given peak information from PAA spectra and aided by a photonuclear data library, the program identifies the product isotopes, recognizes the possible nuclear reactions, and evaluates the concentration of target elements. Uncertainties of concentrations are estimated using standard error propagation techniques. The program can be accessed conveniently anywhere the internet is available and gives a fast and reliable determination of the trace elemental content of samples. Furthermore, this program also allow one to search its database for the information of general photonuclear reactions (e.g. energy lines, line intensities, target and product nuclides, photonuclear reactions, cross sections, natural abundance, etc.) and estimating the activity even before the activation begins. By switching the nuclide libraries, the program could also be expanded to neutron activation analysis and charged particle activation analysis (CPAA) without any difficulty. This program can be a versatile tool for the daily use of the nuclear and radiochemistry laboratories that conduct activation analysis.
Geophysical Research Letters, 2003
Stable water isotope (d 18 O, dD) data from a high elevation (5100 masl) ice core recovered from ... more Stable water isotope (d 18 O, dD) data from a high elevation (5100 masl) ice core recovered from the Tien Shan Mountains, Kyrgyzstan, display a seasonal cycle in deuterium excess (d = dD À 8*d 18 O) related to changes in the regional hydrologic cycle during 1994-2000. While there is a strong correlation (r 2 = 0.98) between d 18 O and dD in the ice core samples, the regression slope (6.9) and mean d value (23.0) are significantly different than the global meteoric water line values. The resulting time-series ice core d profile contains distinct winter maxima and summer minima, with a yearly d amplitude of $15-20%. Localscale processes that may affect d values preserved in the ice core are not consistent with the observed seasonal variability. Data from Central Asian monitoring sites in the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) have similar seasonal d changes. We suggest that regionalscale hydrological conditions, including seasonal changes in moisture source, transport, and recycling in the Caspian/ Aral Sea region, are responsible for the observed spatial and temporal d variability.