Sherif Salah | Cairo University (original) (raw)

Videos by Sherif Salah

We need for developing a universal vaccine able to boost immunity to track the coronavirus if som... more We need for developing a universal vaccine able to boost immunity to track the coronavirus if some modifications in its structure have occurred by itself, this is what we are dealing nowadays with a virus capable of mutating its structure, while the immunity is standing still paralyzed facing the virus. Here, we report the preclinical trials of (CRCx3) and (CRCx2) vaccine candidate in inducing a high level of positive neutralizing antibodies as well as a cellular immune response in animal model to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2. three-dose immunizations using 0.25 ml of (CRCx) vaccines with a 25 mm needle I/M for three successive injection /7days interval provided highly efficient protection against SARS-CoV-2. In addition, (CRCx) vaccines candidate exhibits efficient productivity and good genetic stability for vaccine manufacture. These results support the further evaluation of (CRCx) in a clinical trial.

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Papers by Sherif Salah

Annales de l'Institut Pasteur / Virologie, 1988

Viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHF) comprise a group of at least 13 diseases caused by viral infectio... more Viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHF) comprise a group of at least 13 diseases caused by viral infections which may produce severe haemorrhagic complications. VHF are distributed throughout much of the tropics and subtropics. The aetiological agents belong to various families of viruses and can be classified epidemiologically into 4 groups according to their modes Of transmission [5]. VHF are geographically limited, and of the 13 human diseases known to occur worldwide, only a few can be found in any defined area. In Djibouti, situated in the north of the Horn of Africa, 9 VHF viruses could have epidemiological or public health relevance, since they have been described to occur in some of the surrounding countries. These 9 viruses include yellow fever (YF), dengue (DEN), Chikungunya (CHIK) and Rift Valley fever (RVF) of the mosquito-borne VHF; Congo-Crimean (CON) of the tick-borne VHF; Hantaan (HTN) and Lassa fever (LAS) of the zoonotic VHF; Ebola (EBO) and Marburg (MBG) of the VHF of unknown transmission mode. The regional epidemiology of the nine VHF of interest in northeast Africa has been compiled by Karabatsos in 1985 [4]. YF is a flavivirus endemic to West African rain forests. A severe epidemic occurred in Ethiopia in 1960-61. The dengue viruses comprise 4 strains of flaviviruses. DEN-2 has been incriminated most consistently in East Africa. It has been isolated in Kenya

Background: The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronav... more Background: The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), poses a serious threat to global public health and imposes a severe burden on the entire human population. Faced with a virus that can mutate its structure while immunity is incapacitated, a need to develop a universal vaccine that can boost immunity to coronaviruses is highly needed.Design: Five formulations of two types (CRCx2 and CRCx3) of immune complexes with an immunogen adjuvant were evaluated in a mouse model as candidate SARS CoV-2 vaccines in a pretrial prior to clinical trials in humans. CRCx3 comprises 3 different formulas and CRCx2 comprises 2. Balb/c mice were vaccinated intraperitoneally on days 0/7 with a high or low dose of CRCx2 or on days 0/7/14 with a high, medium, or low dose of CRCx3 series, and their blood was sampled for serum antibody measurements. Mice were challenged with live virus after immunization with either vaccine to evaluate prophyl...

Dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes are frequent in patients on highly active anti-retr... more Dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes are frequent in patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and especially in patients with lipodystrophy, and may lead to atherosclerosis. This study described the metabolic alterations associated with lipodystrophy in adults on chronic HAART in Kenya. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia amongst the study participants was (211) 79.6%. Elevated total cholesterol was found in 129, high low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in 107, low High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in 110 and high triglycerides in 131 participants. Lipodystrophic patients were more likely to have dyslipidemia than normal lipids (55.4 versus 35.1%, p = 0.007 OR 2.2 CI 1.3 to 4.6) with 57, 45.9, 65.9 and 45.2% having elevated total cholesterol, elevated LDL-C, elevated triglycerides and low HDL-C, respectively. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were significantly associated with lipodystrophy (OR 3.8 CI 2.3 to 6.4; p = 0.000) and (OR 1.94 CI 1.2 to 3.2; p = 0.008), respectively. The odds of lipodystrophy was 2.913 times higher for patients with elevated triglycerides than for those with normal triglycerides (p < 0.001). Sixty-four (24.3%) participants had dysglycemia, with 3.5% having diabetes and 20.8% having impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Among patient with lipodystrophy, 69.8% had normal fasting glucose, 25.1% had IFG and 5.1% were diabetic. Lipodystrophic patients were not more likely to have abnormal blood sugars than normal blood sugars (p value 0.125).

Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Parkinsonism, 2016

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory demyelinating disease of the cent... more Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with both genetic and environmental contributing factors. In recent years, increasing evidence has pointed to the potential role of fibrinolysis in the pathogenesis of MS. Based on hypotheses describing the aggressive autoimmune responses observed in MS patients, a result of impaired which results in impairment between t-PA and PA1-1 which are a key molecules in both fibrinolysis and extracellular proteolysis. Aim of the study: The aim of the present study is to investigate the therapeutic potential of polymerase enzyme in modulating the changes occurring between levels of Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) in patients with multiple sclerosis. Patients and methods: A pilot study was carried out on a total of twenty-one patients (17 females, 4 males; aged 22-46 years) with demyelination suggestive of MS and clinically silent T2 brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All of the examined patients showed the same clinical symptoms of MS and consented to take the novel therapy in the form of subcutaneous injection of 0.1 cc of DNA polymerase enzyme twice daily for 24 weeks. At the beginning of this study and at the end of therapy the plasmatic levels of PAI-1and t-PA were measured by ELISA and their values were expressed in ng/mg of protein. Results: All patients showed a significant association between the decreased levels of PAI-1and the disappearance of annualized relapse rate (ARR), disability progression, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity. Conclusion: From this study we conclude that DNA polymerase is viable therapeutic option in patients with MS.

Journal of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, 2019

Despite all intensive efforts and widespread use of direct-acting antivirals (DAA), and their hig... more Despite all intensive efforts and widespread use of direct-acting antivirals (DAA), and their high sustained virological responses (SVR) rate and the clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA from serum, the mechanism of late relapse is still unclear. This study introduces a controversial role of neutralizing antibodies, and their influence in HCV protection and reactivation, by coating the virus's structural and nonstructural protein particles and protects it from CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and antiviral drugs. A new ELISA screening assay was designed to detect this Ag/ nAbs complex in serum samples. In a pilot study comprised of 76 subjects, 66 of them were diagnosed with chronic HCV genotype 4, patients were divided into 5 groups, group l patients were treated with interferon, group ll patients received Sofo/dacla, group lll patients did not receive any antiviral drugs, as for group lV patients were negative for HCV RNA, group V included sera samples collected from healthy individuals. Samples were collected after 3, 6, 12 months and the results we obtained concluded that there is a marked association between the increase levels of circulating immune complex C1, C2, C3 and the clearance of HCV RNA from blood, also we identified significant correlation between the relapse of HCV RNA after achieving SVR for a long time and the diminish in levels of these immune complex. These results have important implications for the development of real therapeutic and prophylactic vaccine and also raise a great possibility for developing a serological screening method for monitoring HCV treatment.

Journal of Aids and Hiv Research, May 31, 2013

Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection is frequently reported in Egypt. This study introdu... more Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection is frequently reported in Egypt. This study introduces a new approach for HIV eradication based on a new enzyme combination reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase (VK 25 RD) formula for inhibiting and or preventing the disease. This pilot study was done on five naive patients who were all positive for HIV antibodies, never treated with anti retroviral medications. Those patients were registered and under surveillance by Human immune deficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Control Department at the Egyptian Ministry of Health (MOH). Their immunological data revealed a viral load of more than 1,000 copies/ml by human immune deficiency virus-ribonucleic acid-polymerase chain reaction (HIV-RNA-PCR), and antibody positive to HIV-1 and CD4+ T-cell values less than 250 cells/µl. All of the patients showed the same clinical symptoms of HIV/AIDS and wrote consent of acceptance to take this combination therapy in the form of subcutaneous injection of 0.1 cc twice daily for 24 weeks. At the end of therapy, all of the patient's viral loads had reached under the detectable limits (less than 16 copies/ml); also there were significant increases of their CD4 cells count over 500 cells/µl. According to these findings, this therapeutic modality was promising for treating HIV-1 disease and human immunodeficiency syndrome. Key words: (VK 25 RD) Reverse transcriptase (RT), DNA polymerase mixture formula, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), Human immune deficiency virus (HIV).

Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research, 2014

This study introduces a new approach for HIV eradication based on a new enzyme combination (rever... more This study introduces a new approach for HIV eradication based on a new enzyme combination (reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase) formula for inhibiting and/or preventing this disease. The pilot study was done on ten patients who were all positive for HIV antibodies, and were never treated with antiretroviral medications. Those patients were registered under surveillance by HIV/AIDS Control Department at the Egyptian Ministry of Health (MOH). All of these patients have the same clinical symptoms of HIV/AIDS and consented to take this combination therapy in the form of subcutaneous injection of 0.1 cc twice daily for 24 weeks. At the end of therapeutic protocol, all of the patients' viral loads were undetectable (less than 16 copies/ml); also there was a significant increase in their CD4 cells counts to over 500 cells/μL. According to these findings, this treatment protocol may be promising therapeutic modality for treating HIV-1 infection causing Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research, 2016

HIV pathogenesis is known to cause a progressive depilation of CD4+ T-cell cell population in clo... more HIV pathogenesis is known to cause a progressive depilation of CD4+ T-cell cell population in close association with progressive impairment of cellular immunity and increase the susceptibility to infection. This new study is giving a new explanation about the mode of action of this virus. We assume that there is an alteration in the physiological behavior of CD4+ T-cells causing it to mutate to CD8+ T-cells and that CD4+ T-cell are neither destroyed nor lost during the infection. Twelve consenting adults took part in a randomized control trail, six were tested positive for HIV and had never received any antiretroviral therapy while the other six were tested negative. Blood samples withdrawn from participants were tested for total CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells .Infected cells from HIV positive patients were stimulated with a purified recombinant HIV-1 p17 matrix as a viral protein along with other immunological assays. The collected data showed that the sum of both CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells did not change in HIV positive patients, although there were a decrease in CD4+ T-cells and an increase in CD8+ T-cell count. Our study confirms that CD8+ T-cells is responsible for the increase in scope of HIV and the susceptibility to (OI), we assumed that this resulted from the duplication in cell signals of both newly formed (mutant) and originally found CD8+ T-cells causing a complete cellular discrepancy. According to our findings a new area of medications could arise to be a promising therapeutical modality for treating HIV-1 infection.

Journal of AIDS and HIV Research, 2012

Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection is frequently reported in Egypt. This study introdu... more Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection is frequently reported in Egypt. This study introduces a new approach for HIV eradication based on a new enzyme combination reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase (VK 25 RD) formula for inhibiting and or preventing the disease. This pilot study was done on five naive patients who were all positive for HIV antibodies, never treated with anti retroviral medications. Those patients were registered and under surveillance by Human immune deficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Control Department at the Egyptian Ministry of Health (MOH). Their immunological data revealed a viral load of more than 1,000 copies/ml by human immune deficiency virus-ribonucleic acid-polymerase chain reaction (HIV-RNA-PCR), and antibody positive to HIV-1 and CD4+ T-cell values less than 250 cells/μl. All of the patients showed the same clinical symptoms of HIV/AIDS and wrote consent of acceptance to take this combination therapy in the form of subcutaneous injection of 0.1 cc twice daily for 24 weeks. At the end of therapy, all of the patient's viral loads had reached under the detectable limits (less than 16 copies/ml); also there were significant increases of their CD4 cells count over 500 cells/μl. According to these findings, this therapeutic modality was promising for treating HIV-1 disease and human immunodeficiency syndrome.

Hypothesis, 2011

We present a novel hypothesis on the pathophysiology of Hepatitis fibrosis in hepatitis C viral (... more We present a novel hypothesis on the pathophysiology of Hepatitis fibrosis in hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection which takes into account the possibility that fibrosis in HCV infection in its pre–cirrhotic phase is a defensive mechanism to encapsulate the invading HCV and prevent further dissemination. This theory contrasts the idea that fibrosis in HCV infection is an ineffective complication. A presentation of the complex bidirectional interactions of the fibrosis in the space of Disse during this process is illustrated. Finally, based on this hypothesis, a novel therapeutic regimen is considered.

This book unravel biggest mystery of HIV: Despite remarkable advances in treatment and prevention... more This book unravel biggest mystery of HIV: Despite remarkable advances in treatment and prevention since then, HIV/AIDS is still neither contained nor manageable. In 2014 alone, AIDS killed more than 1.2 million people globally and HIV newly infected 2 million people, with two-thirds of them in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is no human example of someone clearing an HIV infection naturally. Fortunately, treatment known as antiretroviral therapy now exists. But in low-and middle-income countries, only around 10 million people living with HIV have access to treatment. This is about 34% of people who are eligible for treatment. The long-term goal is to develop a safe and effective vaccine that protects people worldwide from getting infected with HIV. However, even if a vaccine only protects some people who get vaccinated, or even if it provides less than total protection by reducing the risk of infection, it could still have a major impact on the rates of transmission and help control the pandemic, particularly for populations at high risk of HIV infection. A partially effective vaccine could decrease the number of people who get infected with HIV, further reducing the number of people who can pass the virus on to others. By substantially reducing the number of new infections. In this book we disclose our discovery in finding the way by which the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or rather, its ability to hide from the antibodies and immune cells. This is the quality that makes HIV so dangerous. However, we also create an effective cure for AIDS using HIV-antigens and its neutralizing antibodies in combination form and finally win over the dangerous disease. Sherif Salah This book blows the dust off the idea behind the initiation of the virus, controverting with all the theories that never discussed the main contemplate about the origin of the virus strategy, due to the absence of any medical solution for the core of the problem. Our theory suggests that the virus entity begins within the immune cells principle. This new approach may allow a new in thinking completely different from any other suggestion. Although HIV-1 has been the most studied infectious agent in the last 30 years an neutralizing antibodies were sufficient for the protection against HIV. A novel mode of action of HIV infection assumes that production of neutralizing anti-HIV antibodies is the main cause in enhancing the viral infection and its protection against destruction by the cytotoxic CD8+ Tcell. This postulation differs from the ordinary rationales that depend on the role neutralizing antibodies in controlling the HIV infection. In this book we introduce V20 E immune peptides combination as a highly promising cure for HIV-1 and human immunodeficiency syndrome.

AIDS & Clinical Research, 2014

This study introduces a new approach for HIV eradication based on a new enzyme combination (rever... more This study introduces a new approach for HIV eradication based on a new enzyme combination (reverse
transcriptase and DNA polymerase) formula for inhibiting and/or preventing this disease. The pilot study was done
on ten patients who were all positive for HIV antibodies, and were never treated with antiretroviral medications.
Those patients were registered under surveillance by HIV/AIDS Control Department at the Egyptian Ministry of
Health (MOH). All of these patients have the same clinical symptoms of HIV/AIDS and consented to take this
combination therapy in the form of subcutaneous injection of 0.1 cc twice daily for 24 weeks. At the end of
therapeutic protocol, all of the patients' viral loads were undetectable (less than 16 copies/ml); also there was a
significant increase in their CD4 cells counts to over 500 cells/μL. According to these findings, this treatment
protocol may be promising therapeutic modality for treating HIV-1 infection causing Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS).

Journal of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, 2018

J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism, 2016

In recent years, increasing evidence has pointed to the potential role of fibrinolysis in the pat... more In recent years, increasing evidence has pointed to the potential role of fibrinolysis in the pathogenesis of MS. Based on hypotheses describing the aggressive autoimmune responses observed in MS patients, a result of impaired between (t-PA and PA1-1) which are a key molecules in both fibrinolysis and extracellular proteolysis. The present study was done to investigate the therapeutic potential of polymerase enzyme in modulating the changes occurred between levels of Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) in patients with multiple sclerosis. A pilot study was carried out on a total of twenty-one patients (17 females, 4 males; aged 22-46 years) with demyelination suggestive of MS and clinically silent T2 brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All of the examined patients showed the same clinical symptoms of MS and consented to take the novel therapy by S/C injection of 0.1 cc of DNA polymerase enzyme (termed SS6) twice daily for 24 weeks. At the beginning of the study and at the end of therapy the plasmatic levels of PAI-1, t-PA and anti-MOG IgG antibodies were measured by ELISA and their values were expressed in ng/mg of protein. All patients' showed a significantly association between the decreased levels of PAI-1, anti-MOG IgG titer and the disappearance of annualized relapse rate (ARR), disability progression, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity. According to these findings, we established that this modality is expected to promote therapeutic remyelination in MS.

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Annales de l'Institut Pasteur / Virologie, 1988

Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Parkinsonism, 2016

Journal of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, 2019

Journal of Aids and Hiv Research, May 31, 2013

Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research, 2014

Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research, 2016

Journal of AIDS and HIV Research, 2012

Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection is frequently reported in Egypt. This study introdu... more Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection is frequently reported in Egypt. This study introduces a new approach for HIV eradication based on a new enzyme combination reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase (VK 25 RD) formula for inhibiting and or preventing the disease. This pilot study was done on five naive patients who were all positive for HIV antibodies, never treated with anti retroviral medications. Those patients were registered and under surveillance by Human immune deficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Control Department at the Egyptian Ministry of Health (MOH). Their immunological data revealed a viral load of more than 1,000 copies/ml by human immune deficiency virus-ribonucleic acid-polymerase chain reaction (HIV-RNA-PCR), and antibody positive to HIV-1 and CD4+ T-cell values less than 250 cells/μl. All of the patients showed the same clinical symptoms of HIV/AIDS and wrote consent of acceptance to take this combination therapy in the form of subcutaneous injection of 0.1 cc twice daily for 24 weeks. At the end of therapy, all of the patient's viral loads had reached under the detectable limits (less than 16 copies/ml); also there were significant increases of their CD4 cells count over 500 cells/μl. According to these findings, this therapeutic modality was promising for treating HIV-1 disease and human immunodeficiency syndrome.

Hypothesis, 2011

AIDS & Clinical Research, 2014

This study introduces a new approach for HIV eradication based on a new enzyme combination (rever... more This study introduces a new approach for HIV eradication based on a new enzyme combination (reverse
transcriptase and DNA polymerase) formula for inhibiting and/or preventing this disease. The pilot study was done
on ten patients who were all positive for HIV antibodies, and were never treated with antiretroviral medications.
Those patients were registered under surveillance by HIV/AIDS Control Department at the Egyptian Ministry of
Health (MOH). All of these patients have the same clinical symptoms of HIV/AIDS and consented to take this
combination therapy in the form of subcutaneous injection of 0.1 cc twice daily for 24 weeks. At the end of
therapeutic protocol, all of the patients' viral loads were undetectable (less than 16 copies/ml); also there was a
significant increase in their CD4 cells counts to over 500 cells/μL. According to these findings, this treatment
protocol may be promising therapeutic modality for treating HIV-1 infection causing Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS).

Journal of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, 2018

J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism, 2016

Through this book we are going to highlight the origin of multiple sclerosis. For more than ten y... more Through this book we are going to highlight the origin of multiple sclerosis. For more than ten years I was trying to find an illuminating detail about the science behind the symptoms and how my new drugs may hold the key to “taming the monster" That book is going to open up the prospects behind raising a new way of thinking about the reason behind MS disease which includes the failure of nerve cell in its self-repairing nuclear enzymes and how it is originated inside the cell structure. Our new hypothesis viewed in the book is going to discuss, the successful results in suppressing MS progress either in animal's model and volunteers by using new discovered function of DNA polymerase termed (SS6). I believe that this book will be useful for clinical neurologists as well as all MS patients.

This book blows the dust off the idea behind the initiation of the virus, controverting with all ... more This book blows the dust off the idea behind the initiation of the virus, controverting with all the theories that never discussed the main contemplate about the origin of the virus strategy, due to the absence of any medical solution for the core of the problem. Our theory suggests that the virus entity begins within the immune cells principle. That new approach may allow a new way in thinking completely different from any other suggestion hoping that it will be the tray to discover more and more about the initiation of the disease and putting an end to our frustration. Our Book with its new hypothesis can assist the scientists and post-docs of medicine and biology, and is also an introduction of novel information for the colleagues’ immunologists, microbiologists, and virologists.

Scholars' Press (February 23, 2017, 2017

The purpose of this book is to develop a novel approach for treating multiple sclerosis (MS). The... more The purpose of this book is to develop a novel approach for treating multiple sclerosis (MS). The currently available drugs for treatment of relapsing remitting MS are capable of slowing down the disease progress and ameliorating intensity of relapsed disease, but they are of limited efficacy and do not affect certain portion of patients particularly those suffering from progressive form of MS which has no effective therapies. The present study in this book offers a new pharmacological approach using specific type of DNA polymerase (termed SS6) as a potential treatment of MS.

LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing (March 20, 2017), 2017

New cancer markers have been discovered in the form of male and female oncogene peptide protein a... more New cancer markers have been discovered in the form of male and female oncogene peptide protein and its anti-peptide antibodies. They were found in both salvia and blood samples of females with breast cancer and males with prostate cancer, in a pilot study for fifteen married patients having cancer in advanced-stage and their Husbands and Wives. Ten females, their age ranging from 32 to 58 for breast cancer (group A), five males for prostate cancer their age ranging from 54 to 71 years (group B), and four normal persons [two male and two female], their age ranging from 23 to 34 years] (as control group), were recruited into a controlled study to investigate the presence of the new suspected oncogene peptide proteins and their specific anti-oncogene antibodies in their blood and saliva. Tumour markers, C.T scan, ultrasound, and mammogram reports were completely collected before the study for each subject in the three groups. The collection data revealed the presence of oncogene male peptide protein [MOP] in serum and saliva samples of male Husbands in group A and its specific anti-oncogene antibodies [AMOP] in the serum samples of each female affected with breast cancer in group A, and the presence of oncogene female peptide protein [FOP] in all five female Wives and its specific anti-oncogene antibodies [AFOP] in each male affected with prostate cancer in group B, and the differences between normal controls and cancer patients were estimated by different vitro & vivo trails. Our conclusions showed that a direct relation exists between the increases in concentration levels of oncogene peptide protein and its anti-oncogene antibodies, and the stage of malignancy. These promising results can open the doors for a new challenge, by developing a therapeutic and prophylactic cancer vaccine as well as new biological markers for breast and prostate cancer.

lambert academic publishin, 2017

All the previous studies have indicated that the hallmark for causing the acquired immunodeficien... more All the previous studies have indicated that the hallmark for causing the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a viral mediated Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) T-cells destruction with progressive depletion of CD4+ T- cell populations in close association with the progressive impairment of cellular Immunity and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections (OI). These studies and their results introduce the vital role for the CD8+ T- cell in inducing the HIV infection and that interferes with the process CD4+ and CD8+ T- cells conjugate eventually leading to CD4+ T- cell apoptosis. These findings also can insight us to a new area of medications that could arise to be a promising therapeutical modality for treating HIV-1 infection.

bioRxiv, May 27, 2022

Authors: Dr. Sherif Salah (Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Vet Medicine, Cairo University... more Authors:
Dr. Sherif Salah (Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Vet Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt) ,
Dr. Abdula Mubarki (Department of Hematology, Armed forces Hospital, Saudi Arabia),
Dr. Khalid Zayed (Department of Medical Studies, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies of Childhood, Ain Shams University, Egypt) , and
Dr. Khaled Omar (Department of Immunology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt)

Background: The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), poses a serious threat to global public health and imposes a severe burden on the entire human population. Faced with a virus that can mutate its structure while immunity is incapacitated, a need to develop a universal vaccine that can boost immunity to coronaviruses is highly needed.
Design: Five formulations of two types (CRCx2 and CRCx3) of immune complexes with an immunogen adjuvant were evaluated in a mouse model as candidate SARS CoV-2 vaccines in a pretrial prior to clinical trials in humans. CRCx3 comprises 3 different formulas and CRCx2 comprises 2. Balb/c mice were vaccinated intraperitoneally on days 0/7 with a high or low dose of CRCx2 or on days 0/7/14 with a high, medium, or low dose of CRCx3 series, and their blood was sampled for serum antibody measurements. Mice were challenged with live virus after immunization with either vaccine to evaluate prophylaxis ability or treated with them after challenge to evaluate therapeutic ability on day 15. Immunological markers and histopathological studies as well as titration of neutralizing antibodies to the vaccines were evaluated and analyzed. Results: CRCx 3 and CRCx 2 vaccine candidates induced elevated levels of positive neutralizing antibodies as well as a cellular immune response with safety, efficient productivity, and good genetic stability for vaccine manufacturing to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 with relatively higher levels with the high dose CRCx2 candidate combination.
Conclusions: Highly efficient protection and therapeutic effect against SARS-CoV-2 were obtained with a double-dose immunization schedule spaced at 7-day intervals using injections of 0.25 or 0.40 ml of CRCx2 vaccine formulations with a 25-mm needle. These results support further evaluation of CRCx in a clinical trial on humans.

DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1701097/v2
DOI: 10.1101/2022.05.27.493693