galal hassaan | Cairo University (original) (raw)
Papers by galal hassaan
A PPI controller is investigated for disturbance rejection associated with a highly oscillating s... more A PPI controller is investigated for disturbance rejection associated with a highly oscillating second-order-like process. The controller is tuned using the MATLAB optimization toolbox for different error-based objective functions. The best objective function suitable for this type of controllers for the highly oscillating second order process is assigned. The unit step disturbance input time response of the control system has zero steady-state error and low response levels. The effect of the proportional gain of the PPI controller on the system dynamics is investigated. The PPI controller when used for disturbance rejection associated with the highly oscillating second-order process can compete well with PD-PI and PI-PD controllers used for the same purpose.
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, Sep 25, 2014
High oscillation in industrial processes is something undesired and controller tuning has to solv... more High oscillation in industrial processes is something undesired and controller tuning has to solve this problems. PID with first-order-lag is a controller type of the PID-family which is suggested to overcome this problem. This research work has proven that using the PID is capable of solving the dynamic problems of highly oscillating processes but with less efficiency than other PID-based controller types. A second order process of 85.45 % maximum overshoot and 8 seconds settling time is controlled using a PID controller with first-order-lag (through simulation). The controller is tuned by minimizing the sum of square of error (ISE) of the control system using MATLAB. The MATLAB optimization toolbox is used assuming that the tuning problem is an unconstrained one. The result was reducing the overshoot from 85.45 % to 15.9 % and decreasing the settling time from 8 seconds to only 0.552 seconds. The performance of the control system using a PID with first-order-lag controller using the present tuning technique is compared with that using the ITAE standard forms tuning technique Index Terms Highly oscillating second-order process ; improving control system performance ; PID with first-order-lag controller, controller tuning ; .
This is the 11th research papers in a series of papers aiming at the optimal synthesis of planar ... more This is the 11th research papers in a series of papers aiming at the optimal synthesis of planar mechanisms. The mechanism in hand is invented by Al-Jazari in the 12/13th century and is analyzed before by the author for a specific time ration, stroke and transmission angle. In the present work the mechanism is optimally synthesized for maximum time ratio and desired normalized stroke. Five functional constraints are defined to control the performance of the mechanism. The MATLAB optimization toolbox is used and four dimensions of the mechanism are assigned in a normalized form. Normalized stroke range from 1 to 5.45 is covered and the study shows that it is possible with Al-Jazari mechanism configuration to go to a time ratio as large as 6.3. The optimized synthesis of the mechanism can keep the transmission angle of the mechanism during complete crank rotation within a range from 45 to 116.7 degrees for the range covered for the desired normalized stroke.
This paper investigates using a PD-PI controller for disturbance rejection associated with delaye... more This paper investigates using a PD-PI controller for disturbance rejection associated with delayed double integrating processes. The control is tuned using the MATLAB optimization toolbox and five different error-based objective functions for process time delay between 0.2 and 1 s. The more suitable objective function for disturbance rejection with PD-PI controller used with the delayed double integrating process is assigned and the effect of the process time delay on the performance of the control system in the time domain is shown. The unit step disturbance input time response of the control system has a maximum value less than 3.62, time of maximum time response less than 1.71 s and a settling time less than 26 s. The simulation results using the PD-PI controller are superior when compared with other disturbance rejection technique based on using a PID controller.
World Journal of Advance Healthcare Research, Apr 8, 2005
The purpose of this paper is to present an efficient technique for the adjustment of the transmis... more The purpose of this paper is to present an efficient technique for the adjustment of the transmissibility of a SDOF system through the optimal selection of the damping ratio of the SDOF vibrating system. As an application a case of fraction transmissibility. Different objective function relationships are presented and the best one is assigned leading to the desired unit force transmissibility and a frequency spectrum of the system vibration amplitude ratio having a settling frequency ratio above 4.2. Five objective function expressions (ISE, IAE, ITAE, ITSE and ISTSE) are considered and their impact on the force transmissibility and other related parameters is investigated. Desired force transmissibility in the range 0.1 to 0.5 is considered. The force transmissibility of the vibrating system is adjusted around the mean value with standard deviation less than 0.085. System optimal damping ratio of the system is less than 1.3 depending on the desired force transmissibility and the objective function used. The optimum vibration amplitude ratio settles within a 0.05 band at an exciting frequency ratio greater than 4.2.
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, Jul 25, 2014
High oscillation in industrial processes is something undesired and controller tuning has to solv... more High oscillation in industrial processes is something undesired and controller tuning has to solve this problems. PDF and PIDF are controller modes which are expected to overcome this problem. This research work has proven that the PIDF is the genuine solution for the high level process oscillation. A second order process of 85.45 % maximum overshoot and 8 seconds settling time is controlled using a PIDF controller (through simulation). The controller is tuned by minimizing the sum of absolute error of the control system using MATLAB. A functional constrains is imposed on the maximum percentage overshoot. The result was cancelling completely the process oscillation with a zero overshoot and a 0.62 seconds settling time. The performance of the PIDF controller is compared with the classical PID controller with the same process.
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, Aug 25, 2014
This paper is a research effort to provide a stone in the building of machinery fault detection a... more This paper is a research effort to provide a stone in the building of machinery fault detection and diagnostics. It relies on using the spectrum analysis of the vibration signal using FFT. Depending on the expected faults of a specific machine, the technique of bandpass filtering is applied on the frequency spectrum of the vibration signal generating bandpass spectra helping in easier fault diagnostics. Central frequencies and proper bandwidth are assigned to generate the new spectra of the defected machine. A case study of an industrial fan is used an application for the proposed technique.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Apr 11, 2022
International journal of engineering research and technology, May 20, 2014
Time delayed processes require more attention in selecting reasonable controllers associated with... more Time delayed processes require more attention in selecting reasonable controllers associated with them because of the poor performance of the control system associated with them. In this work, the PD-PI controller is examined to investigate its replacement to the classical PID controller. This research work has proven that the PD-PI results in a better performance for the closed-loop control system incorporating the PD-PI controller and a first-order delayed process. A first-order-delayed process of 50 s time constant and time delay between 2 and 16 seconds is controlled using simulation. The time delay effect is compensated using 4 th order Pade approximation. The controller is tuned by minimizing the sum of square of error (ISE) of the control system using MATLAB. The MATLAB optimization toolbox is used assuming that the tuning problem is an unconstrained one. The result was reducing the maximum percentage overshoot, maximum percentage overshoot and settling time. The performance of the control system using an PD-PI controller using the present tuning technique is compared with that using a PID controller tuned by Ziegler-Nichols and Tavakoli tuning techniques.
Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias, Oct 14, 2014
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 28, 2022
This is the 106 paper in a series of research papers exploring the history of mechanical engineer... more This is the 106 paper in a series of research papers exploring the history of mechanical engineering during the Ancient Egyptian era. The paper presents a number of archaeological projects for archaeological graduates and experts in Egypt and world wise. The situation of the artifacts recommended for the projects is really miserable and requires ancient scientific activities to save them. These projects will enhance the knowledge of the whole world with the ancient Egyptian civilization sustained for thousands of years. Steps and typical examples are presented to clarify the idea of each project.
International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research, Apr 8, 2015
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, Sep 25, 2014
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Oct 14, 2022
A mathematical model with 3D 10-DOF vehicle model is developed to simulate and study the effect o... more A mathematical model with 3D 10-DOF vehicle model is developed to simulate and study the effect of changing the suspension parameters ( stiffness and damping coefficient ) on the vehicle dynamics in case of a vehicle crossing a sinusoidal road hump. Lagrange's equation is used to derive the equation of motion and system matrices and then MATLAB is used to solve the differential equation of motion by using the central difference method. The model includes 10 motions ( 10 DOF ) and it can be used to reduce cost , time of trial and optimize the vehicle suspension parameters. The maximum bounce of the driver, passenger and vehicle-chassis increases by 85.1 %, 107.1 % and 64.5 % respectively as the vehicle speed increases from 25 to 50 % during crossing a sinusoidal hump.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 30, 2021
The paper investigates the tuning of a second order compensator from the first compensators gener... more The paper investigates the tuning of a second order compensator from the first compensators generation when used to control a highly oscillating second order process. It compares the performance characteristics of the control system comprising this compensator to control the highly oscillating second order process with those resulting from the use of five compensators from the second compensators generation. The comparison covers three time-based characteristics: maximum percentage overshoot, settling time and steady-state error. All the compensators are tuned and the analysis results help control engineers to select appropriate compensators according to the desired performance characteristic for a specific application.
s Robustness is one of the requirements used in controllers and compensators design. The designs ... more s Robustness is one of the requirements used in controllers and compensators design. The designs presented in the previous papers did not consider the robustness of the controller or compensator. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to investigate the robustness of PD and PID controllers when used to control second-order processes against uncertainty in the process parameters. A variation of ± 20 % in process parameters is considered through simulation to study its effect on the system performance parameters using the tuned PD and PID controllers. With PD controller controlling an overdamped second order process, the variation in process damping ratio has no effect on the maximum percentage overshoot, maximum percentage undershoot and settling time of the closed-loop control system. The variation of the process natural frequency produced a change of 55.5 % in the settling time and zero change in maximum percentage overshoot and undershoot. For PID controller controlling an unde...
A PPI controller is investigated for disturbance rejection associated with a highly oscillating s... more A PPI controller is investigated for disturbance rejection associated with a highly oscillating second-order-like process. The controller is tuned using the MATLAB optimization toolbox for different error-based objective functions. The best objective function suitable for this type of controllers for the highly oscillating second order process is assigned. The unit step disturbance input time response of the control system has zero steady-state error and low response levels. The effect of the proportional gain of the PPI controller on the system dynamics is investigated. The PPI controller when used for disturbance rejection associated with the highly oscillating second-order process can compete well with PD-PI and PI-PD controllers used for the same purpose.
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, Sep 25, 2014
High oscillation in industrial processes is something undesired and controller tuning has to solv... more High oscillation in industrial processes is something undesired and controller tuning has to solve this problems. PID with first-order-lag is a controller type of the PID-family which is suggested to overcome this problem. This research work has proven that using the PID is capable of solving the dynamic problems of highly oscillating processes but with less efficiency than other PID-based controller types. A second order process of 85.45 % maximum overshoot and 8 seconds settling time is controlled using a PID controller with first-order-lag (through simulation). The controller is tuned by minimizing the sum of square of error (ISE) of the control system using MATLAB. The MATLAB optimization toolbox is used assuming that the tuning problem is an unconstrained one. The result was reducing the overshoot from 85.45 % to 15.9 % and decreasing the settling time from 8 seconds to only 0.552 seconds. The performance of the control system using a PID with first-order-lag controller using the present tuning technique is compared with that using the ITAE standard forms tuning technique Index Terms Highly oscillating second-order process ; improving control system performance ; PID with first-order-lag controller, controller tuning ; .
This is the 11th research papers in a series of papers aiming at the optimal synthesis of planar ... more This is the 11th research papers in a series of papers aiming at the optimal synthesis of planar mechanisms. The mechanism in hand is invented by Al-Jazari in the 12/13th century and is analyzed before by the author for a specific time ration, stroke and transmission angle. In the present work the mechanism is optimally synthesized for maximum time ratio and desired normalized stroke. Five functional constraints are defined to control the performance of the mechanism. The MATLAB optimization toolbox is used and four dimensions of the mechanism are assigned in a normalized form. Normalized stroke range from 1 to 5.45 is covered and the study shows that it is possible with Al-Jazari mechanism configuration to go to a time ratio as large as 6.3. The optimized synthesis of the mechanism can keep the transmission angle of the mechanism during complete crank rotation within a range from 45 to 116.7 degrees for the range covered for the desired normalized stroke.
This paper investigates using a PD-PI controller for disturbance rejection associated with delaye... more This paper investigates using a PD-PI controller for disturbance rejection associated with delayed double integrating processes. The control is tuned using the MATLAB optimization toolbox and five different error-based objective functions for process time delay between 0.2 and 1 s. The more suitable objective function for disturbance rejection with PD-PI controller used with the delayed double integrating process is assigned and the effect of the process time delay on the performance of the control system in the time domain is shown. The unit step disturbance input time response of the control system has a maximum value less than 3.62, time of maximum time response less than 1.71 s and a settling time less than 26 s. The simulation results using the PD-PI controller are superior when compared with other disturbance rejection technique based on using a PID controller.
World Journal of Advance Healthcare Research, Apr 8, 2005
The purpose of this paper is to present an efficient technique for the adjustment of the transmis... more The purpose of this paper is to present an efficient technique for the adjustment of the transmissibility of a SDOF system through the optimal selection of the damping ratio of the SDOF vibrating system. As an application a case of fraction transmissibility. Different objective function relationships are presented and the best one is assigned leading to the desired unit force transmissibility and a frequency spectrum of the system vibration amplitude ratio having a settling frequency ratio above 4.2. Five objective function expressions (ISE, IAE, ITAE, ITSE and ISTSE) are considered and their impact on the force transmissibility and other related parameters is investigated. Desired force transmissibility in the range 0.1 to 0.5 is considered. The force transmissibility of the vibrating system is adjusted around the mean value with standard deviation less than 0.085. System optimal damping ratio of the system is less than 1.3 depending on the desired force transmissibility and the objective function used. The optimum vibration amplitude ratio settles within a 0.05 band at an exciting frequency ratio greater than 4.2.
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, Jul 25, 2014
High oscillation in industrial processes is something undesired and controller tuning has to solv... more High oscillation in industrial processes is something undesired and controller tuning has to solve this problems. PDF and PIDF are controller modes which are expected to overcome this problem. This research work has proven that the PIDF is the genuine solution for the high level process oscillation. A second order process of 85.45 % maximum overshoot and 8 seconds settling time is controlled using a PIDF controller (through simulation). The controller is tuned by minimizing the sum of absolute error of the control system using MATLAB. A functional constrains is imposed on the maximum percentage overshoot. The result was cancelling completely the process oscillation with a zero overshoot and a 0.62 seconds settling time. The performance of the PIDF controller is compared with the classical PID controller with the same process.
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, Aug 25, 2014
This paper is a research effort to provide a stone in the building of machinery fault detection a... more This paper is a research effort to provide a stone in the building of machinery fault detection and diagnostics. It relies on using the spectrum analysis of the vibration signal using FFT. Depending on the expected faults of a specific machine, the technique of bandpass filtering is applied on the frequency spectrum of the vibration signal generating bandpass spectra helping in easier fault diagnostics. Central frequencies and proper bandwidth are assigned to generate the new spectra of the defected machine. A case study of an industrial fan is used an application for the proposed technique.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Apr 11, 2022
International journal of engineering research and technology, May 20, 2014
Time delayed processes require more attention in selecting reasonable controllers associated with... more Time delayed processes require more attention in selecting reasonable controllers associated with them because of the poor performance of the control system associated with them. In this work, the PD-PI controller is examined to investigate its replacement to the classical PID controller. This research work has proven that the PD-PI results in a better performance for the closed-loop control system incorporating the PD-PI controller and a first-order delayed process. A first-order-delayed process of 50 s time constant and time delay between 2 and 16 seconds is controlled using simulation. The time delay effect is compensated using 4 th order Pade approximation. The controller is tuned by minimizing the sum of square of error (ISE) of the control system using MATLAB. The MATLAB optimization toolbox is used assuming that the tuning problem is an unconstrained one. The result was reducing the maximum percentage overshoot, maximum percentage overshoot and settling time. The performance of the control system using an PD-PI controller using the present tuning technique is compared with that using a PID controller tuned by Ziegler-Nichols and Tavakoli tuning techniques.
Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias, Oct 14, 2014
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 28, 2022
This is the 106 paper in a series of research papers exploring the history of mechanical engineer... more This is the 106 paper in a series of research papers exploring the history of mechanical engineering during the Ancient Egyptian era. The paper presents a number of archaeological projects for archaeological graduates and experts in Egypt and world wise. The situation of the artifacts recommended for the projects is really miserable and requires ancient scientific activities to save them. These projects will enhance the knowledge of the whole world with the ancient Egyptian civilization sustained for thousands of years. Steps and typical examples are presented to clarify the idea of each project.
International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research, Apr 8, 2015
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, Sep 25, 2014
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Oct 14, 2022
A mathematical model with 3D 10-DOF vehicle model is developed to simulate and study the effect o... more A mathematical model with 3D 10-DOF vehicle model is developed to simulate and study the effect of changing the suspension parameters ( stiffness and damping coefficient ) on the vehicle dynamics in case of a vehicle crossing a sinusoidal road hump. Lagrange's equation is used to derive the equation of motion and system matrices and then MATLAB is used to solve the differential equation of motion by using the central difference method. The model includes 10 motions ( 10 DOF ) and it can be used to reduce cost , time of trial and optimize the vehicle suspension parameters. The maximum bounce of the driver, passenger and vehicle-chassis increases by 85.1 %, 107.1 % and 64.5 % respectively as the vehicle speed increases from 25 to 50 % during crossing a sinusoidal hump.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 30, 2021
The paper investigates the tuning of a second order compensator from the first compensators gener... more The paper investigates the tuning of a second order compensator from the first compensators generation when used to control a highly oscillating second order process. It compares the performance characteristics of the control system comprising this compensator to control the highly oscillating second order process with those resulting from the use of five compensators from the second compensators generation. The comparison covers three time-based characteristics: maximum percentage overshoot, settling time and steady-state error. All the compensators are tuned and the analysis results help control engineers to select appropriate compensators according to the desired performance characteristic for a specific application.
s Robustness is one of the requirements used in controllers and compensators design. The designs ... more s Robustness is one of the requirements used in controllers and compensators design. The designs presented in the previous papers did not consider the robustness of the controller or compensator. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to investigate the robustness of PD and PID controllers when used to control second-order processes against uncertainty in the process parameters. A variation of ± 20 % in process parameters is considered through simulation to study its effect on the system performance parameters using the tuned PD and PID controllers. With PD controller controlling an overdamped second order process, the variation in process damping ratio has no effect on the maximum percentage overshoot, maximum percentage undershoot and settling time of the closed-loop control system. The variation of the process natural frequency produced a change of 55.5 % in the settling time and zero change in maximum percentage overshoot and undershoot. For PID controller controlling an unde...