NASIRU ZAKARIYA | Cape peninsula University of technology (original) (raw)
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2014 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Environment and Agriculture IPCBEE vol. 76 (2014... more 2014 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Environment and Agriculture IPCBEE vol. 76 (2014) © (2014) IACSIT Press, Singapore DOI: 10.7763/IPCBEE. 2014. V76. 12
The benefits of radiation were first recognized in the use of X-rays for medical diagnosis, then ... more The benefits of radiation were first recognized in the use of X-rays for medical diagnosis, then later with the discoveries of radiation and radioactivity. The rush in exploiting the medical benefits led fairly to the recognition of the risks and induced harm associated with it. In those early days, only the most obvious harm resulting from high doses of radiation, such as radiation burns were observed and protection efforts were focused on their prevention, mainly for practitioners rather than patients. Although the issue was narrow, this lead to the origin of radiation protection as a discipline. Subsequently, it was gradually recognized that there were other, less obvious, harmful radiation effects such as radiation-induced cancer, for which there is a certain risk even at low doses of radiation. This risk cannot be completely prevented but can only be minimized. Therefore, the balancing of benefits from nuclear and radiation practices against radiation risk and efforts to reduce...
The benefits of radiation were first recognized in the use of X-rays for medical diagnosis, then ... more The benefits of radiation were first recognized in the use of X-rays for medical diagnosis, then later with the discoveries of radiation and radioactivity. The rush in exploiting the medical benefits led fairly to the recognition of the risks and induced harm associated with it. In those early days, only the most obvious harm resulting from high doses of radiation, such as radiation burns were observed and protection efforts were focused on their prevention, mainly for practitioners rather than patients. Although the issue was narrow, this lead to the origin of radiation protection as a discipline. Subsequently, it was gradually recognized that there were other, less obvious, harmful radiation effects such as radiation-induced cancer, for which there is a certain risk even at low doses of radiation. This risk cannot be completely prevented but can only be minimized. Therefore, the balancing of benefits from nuclear and radiation practices against radiation risk and efforts to reduce...
Annals of Nuclear Energy, 2015
A physical protection system (PPS) integrates people, procedures, and equipment for the protectio... more A physical protection system (PPS) integrates people, procedures, and equipment for the protection of assets or facilities against theft, sabotage and terrorist attacks. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of a systematic and measurable approach to the design of PPS and its emphases on the concept of detection, delay and response. The proposed performance based PPS has the capability of defeating adversaries thereby achieving its targets. Therefore, timely detection of intrusion – based on the use of sensors, signal lines and alarm systems – is a major principle in the proposed system. Also the need for deterrence such as barriers in form of guards, access control, close circuit television (CCTV), strong policy and procedures, then the security culture amongst the facility workers was appropriately discussed. Since nuclear power is considered the only source that can provide large scale electricity with comparatively minimal impact on the environment, the paper also considered base guidelines for the application of PPS in any nuclear and radioactive facilities, followed with the necessity to incorporate inherent safety, security and safeguard (3S) synergy innovation in the physical protection system design and other characteristics that will enhance to reduce the vulnerability of nuclear facilities and materials to theft sabotage and terrorist attacks. Keywords Safety; Security; Safeguard; Synergy; Threat; Sabotage
A physical protection system (PPS) integrates people, procedures, and equipment for the protectio... more A physical protection system (PPS) integrates people, procedures, and equipment for the protection of assets or facilities against theft, sabotage and terrorist attacks. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of a systematic and measurable approach to the design of PPS and its emphases on the concept of detection, delay and response. The proposed performance based PPS has the capability of defeating adversaries thereby achieving its targets. Therefore, timely detection of intrusion – based on the use of sensors, signal lines and alarm systems – is a major principle in the proposed system. Also the need for deterrence such as barriers in form of guards, access control, close circuit television (CCTV), strong policy and procedures, then the security culture amongst the facility workers was appropriately discussed. Since nuclear power is considered the only source that can provide large scale electricity with comparatively minimal impact on the environment, the paper also considered base guidelines for the application of PPS in any nuclear and radioactive facilities, followed with the necessity to incorporate inherent safety, security and safeguard (3S) synergy innovation in the physical protection system design and other characteristics that will enhance to reduce the vulnerability of nuclear facilities and materials to theft sabotage and terrorist attacks.
Nuclear energy is a proven technology for large scale base load electricity generation which can ... more Nuclear energy is a proven technology for large scale base load electricity generation which can reduce dependence on imported gas and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, less vulnerable to fuel price changes than coal- and gas-fired power plants. With the discoveries of fertile Thorium fuel cycles that offer attractive features, including lower level of waste generation, less dangerous, less expensive, more accessible and more environmentally friendly option for nuclear fuel supply- this is against Uranium fuel cycle that most of the
present reactors were built on. Furthermore, with the latest innovation of fast breed reactors (FBR) which offer more efficient use of uranium resources and the ability to burn actinides which are otherwise the long lived component of high-level nuclear wastes. In this submission, we will also look at environmental protection in line with sustainable development and how nuclear energy is in conformity with the
environmental protection.
The benefits of radiation were first recognized in the use of X-rays for medical diagnosis, then ... more The benefits of radiation were first recognized in the use of X-rays for medical diagnosis, then later with the discoveries of radiation and radioactivity. The rush in exploiting the medical benefits led fairly to the recognition of the risks and induced harm associated with it. In those early days, only the most obvious harm resulting from high doses of radiation, such as radiation burns were observed and protection efforts were focused on their prevention, mainly for practitioners rather than patients. Although the issue was narrow, this lead to the origin of radiation protection as a discipline. Subsequently, it was gradually recognized that there were other, less obvious, harmful radiation effects such as radiation-induced cancer, for which there is a certain risk even at low doses of radiation. This risk cannot be completely prevented but can only be minimized. Therefore, the balancing of benefits from nuclear and radiation practices against radiation risk and efforts to reduce the residual risk has become a major feature of radiation protection. In this paper, we shall be looking at the precautionary measures for protecting life, properties and environment against ionizing radiation.
2014 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Environment and Agriculture IPCBEE vol. 76 (2014... more 2014 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Environment and Agriculture IPCBEE vol. 76 (2014) © (2014) IACSIT Press, Singapore DOI: 10.7763/IPCBEE. 2014. V76. 12
The benefits of radiation were first recognized in the use of X-rays for medical diagnosis, then ... more The benefits of radiation were first recognized in the use of X-rays for medical diagnosis, then later with the discoveries of radiation and radioactivity. The rush in exploiting the medical benefits led fairly to the recognition of the risks and induced harm associated with it. In those early days, only the most obvious harm resulting from high doses of radiation, such as radiation burns were observed and protection efforts were focused on their prevention, mainly for practitioners rather than patients. Although the issue was narrow, this lead to the origin of radiation protection as a discipline. Subsequently, it was gradually recognized that there were other, less obvious, harmful radiation effects such as radiation-induced cancer, for which there is a certain risk even at low doses of radiation. This risk cannot be completely prevented but can only be minimized. Therefore, the balancing of benefits from nuclear and radiation practices against radiation risk and efforts to reduce...
The benefits of radiation were first recognized in the use of X-rays for medical diagnosis, then ... more The benefits of radiation were first recognized in the use of X-rays for medical diagnosis, then later with the discoveries of radiation and radioactivity. The rush in exploiting the medical benefits led fairly to the recognition of the risks and induced harm associated with it. In those early days, only the most obvious harm resulting from high doses of radiation, such as radiation burns were observed and protection efforts were focused on their prevention, mainly for practitioners rather than patients. Although the issue was narrow, this lead to the origin of radiation protection as a discipline. Subsequently, it was gradually recognized that there were other, less obvious, harmful radiation effects such as radiation-induced cancer, for which there is a certain risk even at low doses of radiation. This risk cannot be completely prevented but can only be minimized. Therefore, the balancing of benefits from nuclear and radiation practices against radiation risk and efforts to reduce...
Annals of Nuclear Energy, 2015
A physical protection system (PPS) integrates people, procedures, and equipment for the protectio... more A physical protection system (PPS) integrates people, procedures, and equipment for the protection of assets or facilities against theft, sabotage and terrorist attacks. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of a systematic and measurable approach to the design of PPS and its emphases on the concept of detection, delay and response. The proposed performance based PPS has the capability of defeating adversaries thereby achieving its targets. Therefore, timely detection of intrusion – based on the use of sensors, signal lines and alarm systems – is a major principle in the proposed system. Also the need for deterrence such as barriers in form of guards, access control, close circuit television (CCTV), strong policy and procedures, then the security culture amongst the facility workers was appropriately discussed. Since nuclear power is considered the only source that can provide large scale electricity with comparatively minimal impact on the environment, the paper also considered base guidelines for the application of PPS in any nuclear and radioactive facilities, followed with the necessity to incorporate inherent safety, security and safeguard (3S) synergy innovation in the physical protection system design and other characteristics that will enhance to reduce the vulnerability of nuclear facilities and materials to theft sabotage and terrorist attacks. Keywords Safety; Security; Safeguard; Synergy; Threat; Sabotage
A physical protection system (PPS) integrates people, procedures, and equipment for the protectio... more A physical protection system (PPS) integrates people, procedures, and equipment for the protection of assets or facilities against theft, sabotage and terrorist attacks. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of a systematic and measurable approach to the design of PPS and its emphases on the concept of detection, delay and response. The proposed performance based PPS has the capability of defeating adversaries thereby achieving its targets. Therefore, timely detection of intrusion – based on the use of sensors, signal lines and alarm systems – is a major principle in the proposed system. Also the need for deterrence such as barriers in form of guards, access control, close circuit television (CCTV), strong policy and procedures, then the security culture amongst the facility workers was appropriately discussed. Since nuclear power is considered the only source that can provide large scale electricity with comparatively minimal impact on the environment, the paper also considered base guidelines for the application of PPS in any nuclear and radioactive facilities, followed with the necessity to incorporate inherent safety, security and safeguard (3S) synergy innovation in the physical protection system design and other characteristics that will enhance to reduce the vulnerability of nuclear facilities and materials to theft sabotage and terrorist attacks.
Nuclear energy is a proven technology for large scale base load electricity generation which can ... more Nuclear energy is a proven technology for large scale base load electricity generation which can reduce dependence on imported gas and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, less vulnerable to fuel price changes than coal- and gas-fired power plants. With the discoveries of fertile Thorium fuel cycles that offer attractive features, including lower level of waste generation, less dangerous, less expensive, more accessible and more environmentally friendly option for nuclear fuel supply- this is against Uranium fuel cycle that most of the
present reactors were built on. Furthermore, with the latest innovation of fast breed reactors (FBR) which offer more efficient use of uranium resources and the ability to burn actinides which are otherwise the long lived component of high-level nuclear wastes. In this submission, we will also look at environmental protection in line with sustainable development and how nuclear energy is in conformity with the
environmental protection.
The benefits of radiation were first recognized in the use of X-rays for medical diagnosis, then ... more The benefits of radiation were first recognized in the use of X-rays for medical diagnosis, then later with the discoveries of radiation and radioactivity. The rush in exploiting the medical benefits led fairly to the recognition of the risks and induced harm associated with it. In those early days, only the most obvious harm resulting from high doses of radiation, such as radiation burns were observed and protection efforts were focused on their prevention, mainly for practitioners rather than patients. Although the issue was narrow, this lead to the origin of radiation protection as a discipline. Subsequently, it was gradually recognized that there were other, less obvious, harmful radiation effects such as radiation-induced cancer, for which there is a certain risk even at low doses of radiation. This risk cannot be completely prevented but can only be minimized. Therefore, the balancing of benefits from nuclear and radiation practices against radiation risk and efforts to reduce the residual risk has become a major feature of radiation protection. In this paper, we shall be looking at the precautionary measures for protecting life, properties and environment against ionizing radiation.