Padma Anagol - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Padma Anagol
This thesis explores the complexities of an emergent feminist consciousness among Maharashtrian w... more This thesis explores the complexities of an emergent feminist consciousness among Maharashtrian women in the context of the socio-religious reform movements in late nineteenth century and early twentieth century India. It analyses how self- assertion was articulated through a gendered critique of Hindu religion and society. In constant interaction and at times in tension with the text-based colonial and indigenous discourses, their ideology it is argued was informed by experience. Critical of Eurocentric models of feminism, this study adopts alternative methods of reading and defining colonial women's perceptions and protests. Thus, the study takes as its starting- point the view of the Maharashtrian woman herself as she engages with the state and Indian men. In the first chapter the attempts of female converts to Christianity in negotiating with the changing world around them is studied. Christian women's pioneering welfare schemes are studied in detail showing how their fe...
The Patriarchs: the origins of inequality The Patriarchs: the origins of inequality , by Angela Saini, Boston, Beacon Press, 2023, vii + 246pp, $26.95 (hardcover), ISBN 978-0-8070-1454-7
Women's History Review
Women, Crime and Survival Strategies in Colonial India
The Emergence of Feminism in India, 1850-1920, 2017
The Emergence of Feminism in India, 1850-1920, 2017
Background: Patient stratification according to the risk of developing complications is an essent... more Background: Patient stratification according to the risk of developing complications is an essential step to define the best treatment approach in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Recently, Siegel et al (Gut 2017) published a score that aims to access the disease severity, considering disease activity (both clinical and endoscopic factors) and complications during the disease course, ranging from 0 to 100 values (higher values indicating worse disease severity). Our goal was to evaluate the capacity of this score calculated at the time of diagnosis (dx) to predict disease course during follow-up (FU): steroid use, therapy escalation to immunomodulators or biologics, hospitalisation and/or abdominal surgery. Methods: Retrospective cohort study including incident cases of UC in our centre between December 2012 and December 2018. We calculated the score at the time of dx and at the end of FU and collected data about disease course. Results: Eighty-five patients (57% men with a mean age of 43 ± 17 years) with newly diagnosed UC were included. Disease extension according to Montreal was E1 in 30/85 patients, E2 in 37/85 patients and E3 in 18/85 patients. Median FU time was 40 months. Median risk score at the time of dx was 30 (IQR 3-91) and it was higher in patients with younger age (36 vs. 26, p = 0.08) and extensive colitis (64 vs. 26, p < 0.001). During FU, 19/85 and 17/85 patients needed steroid use and therapy escalation, respectively. Proximal disease extension occurred in one patient. Hospital admission for acute exacerbation and/or colectomy was required in 6/85. The score at dx was higher in patients who underwent hospital admission or colectomy (score: 70 vs. 26, p = 0.002), or that needed steroid (score: 57 vs. 26, p < 0.001) or therapy escalation (score: 57 vs. 26, p < 0.001) during FU. In a survival analysis, the time for steroid use (plogrank < 0.001) or therapy escalation (plogrank < 0.001) was lower in patients with a higher score at dx (61 vs. 88 months and 56 vs. 86 months, respectively). The median score at the end of FU was 3 (IQR 0-66); a second colonoscopy was not available in three patients, who were not included in this analysis. There was a score reduction in 77/82 patients (39/82 had a score of 0). Only one patient had a similar score and 4/85 patients had a higher score. Patients with a significant score reduction during FU (below the median) were more frequently patients with no need for steroid use (p < 0.001) or therapy escalation (p = 0.002). Conclusion: This severity score seems to be a promising tool for risk stratification and prognosis determination in patients with UC, and its utility should be validated in prospective studies.
Historicising Child Sexual Abuse in Early Modern and Modern India: Patriarchal Norms, Violence and Agency of Child-Wives and Young Women in the Institution of Child Marriage
South Asian Studies, 2020
Although child-bride harm was uncovered during the Age of Consent controversy (1890s), no attempt... more Although child-bride harm was uncovered during the Age of Consent controversy (1890s), no attempt has been made to excavate its origins in Indian history. Rectifying this void, I investigate the phenomena of child sexual abuse in early modern and modern regions of Bengal and Maharashtra. I adopt a female-child-centred approach that involves engaging with the perspectives of girls and young women. Some questions raised are: Did a girl have rights? If so, how was her freewill visualised by the state, law and popular culture? What can we glean from women’s discourses through historical time on pre-pubertal sex, conjugality and child-marriage and how are they different from official discourses? In order to cast light on an obscured subject, I widen the archive to include an analysis of devotional poetry, bardic literature, personal narratives, royal chronicles besides, the more conventional media reports, religious and medical texts. The essay reveals how religious punditry combined with the state and popular culture to produce a convoluted concept of female agency that authorised girl-bride sexual abuse in child marriage. The study finds more continuities than breaks in the prevalence of child-wife abuse within the institution of child marriage from early modern to modern times.
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright All rights r... more Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Women as Agents: Contesting Discourses on Marriage and Marital Rights
Age of Consent and Child Marriage in India
Anti-colonial struggles have been narrowly interpreted so far, in terms of political self-determi... more Anti-colonial struggles have been narrowly interpreted so far, in terms of political self-determination in the making of sovereign nation-states. However, the impressive historical literature on Indian child marriage and the age of consent for girls has provided a context for locating the overlapping of the politics of nationalisms and sexualities. This entry reveals how imperialism as a global system allowed Britain to legitimate its continued rule in nineteenth century colonial India by denigrating the marriage and family sexual norms of India as “degraded.” Equally it outlines the assertion and resistance of Indian women whose campaigns gained a small victory in raising the age of consent from 10 to 12 years in 1891. The parallel strength of the powerful anti-imperial cultural movements is also scrutinized with the conclusion that new conjugal arrangements were forged by Indian men who succeeded in retaining older forms of patriarchal hierarchies through the instruments of “respe...
A pre-setting based sub-radix-2 approximation technique for multi-bit/cycle successiveapproximati... more A pre-setting based sub-radix-2 approximation technique for multi-bit/cycle successiveapproximation-register (SAR) analog to digital converters (ADCs) is proposed in this paper. The proposed approximation technique enhances the conversion speed and relieves the power hungry reference voltage buffer. The sub-radix-2 approximation only adjusts the weights of original binary DAC array without introducing additional unit capacitors and leading to reduced silicon area and power consumption. An adder based backend encoding circuit is proposed, with negligible power and silicon area overhead. Furthermore, the non-ideal DNL/INL, which are caused by incomplete DAC settling, are characterized and analysed in this paper. The peak DNL/INL values are symmetrically located at 1/4 and 3/4 of full scale. With the presence of sub-radix-2 approximation, the peak INL/DNL could be significantly reduced. The simulation results show the better performance of sub-radix-2 approximation than binary approximation. Designed in CMOS 40nm technology, it could keep a higher (>9.5-bit) effective number of bits (ENOB) with short settling time of DAC buffer, and boost the sampling rate equivalently.
Indian Christian women and indigenous feminism, c.1850–c.1920
Beyond Kitchen and Kid: Hindu Women’s Discourse and Work
Women’s Assertion and Resistance in Colonial India
Feminist Inheritances and Foremothers: the beginnings of feminism in modern India
Women's History Review, 2010
... And I decided to eat and drink from everybody&amp;amp;#x27;s hands. 10 [10] Laxmibai ... more ... And I decided to eat and drink from everybody&amp;amp;#x27;s hands. 10 [10] Laxmibai Tilak (2007) Sketches from Memory [Smriti‐Chitre], trans. ... 56 [56] Ek Gaud Saraswat Brahmani stri [A Gaud Saraswat Brahman lady] (1891) Punarvivaha [Remarriage], Arya Bhagini, July, p. 64. ...
The Emergence of Feminism in India, 1850–1920
Women's History Review, 2010
... Lata Anagol, Dr Sunanda and Dr Dinesh Bargale, Dr Neema, Vinay and Dr Namita Anagol. ... of t... more ... Lata Anagol, Dr Sunanda and Dr Dinesh Bargale, Dr Neema, Vinay and Dr Namita Anagol. ... of the earliest pioneers of women&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#x27;s history of modern India alongside Neera Desai, Pratima Asthana ... even include writings by some radical women of the period.14 Malavika Karlekar in ...
Gender, religion and anti-feminism in Hindu right wing writings: Notes from a nineteenth century Indian woman-patriot's text ‘Essays in the Service of a Nation’
Women's Studies International Forum, 2013
ABSTRACT
Cultural and Social History
Cultural and Social History
Amartya Sen has compellingly argued in The Idea of Justice that far from being a value-neutral te... more Amartya Sen has compellingly argued in The Idea of Justice that far from being a value-neutral term, 'justice' is a relative one, with competing claims made on it by different parties in any given context. 1 Does this mean that justice is an empty concept, bereft of any meaning or devoid of self-explanatory power? This special issue seeks to find answers to this question. 'Justice' came to embrace myriad meanings for the British Empire. Enlightenment thinking that hinged on rationality and logic, discarding superstition and religion, provided a platform for the discussion of rights and justice for the new generations of philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and James S. Mill. 2 The debates that spilled over from such a legacy on collective versus individual rights can be seen unfolding in various discourses from missionaries, indigenous legal thinkers, reformers down to artists, novelists and British officials on the ground in the wider British empire from across India, Burma and Malaysia. So influential was the idea of justice in the template of the 'civilising mission' that despite the religious and theological framework of missionary thinking on the idea of 'mercy' and 'justice' , one notices from this collection of essays that missionaries and their African and Asian converts drew more from Enlightenment thought and the Gospels rather than the Old Testament in the new phenomenon called 'mission Christianity'. 3 Concerns with 'justice' and what this might entail for South Asia in the sense of delivering 'fairness and equitable treatment' , goes beyond a focus on the narrow legalistic sense of the term, yet simultaneously returns to the ideas and practices of law. These processes are also deeply bound up with both the materiality and representation of gender, as evidenced by the national and international responses that were generated by the gang-rape and murder of a 23-year-old physiotherapy student in New Delhi on 16 December 2012. 4 For Indian women and men who publicly protested, the raped student (Nirbhaya) became a rallying cry in not just bringing the specific perpetrators to account, but to highlight broader issues of injustice facing women, such as restrictions (in practice if not necessarily in theory) on mobility, education and dress. 5 Alongside the issues of discrimination and injustice, the subject of South Asian women's social, cultural, religious and economic position has also historically been identified both within and outside the subcontinent as an area particularly deserving of attention. In practice, however, the ways in which inequality around gender and sexuality has been theorised and articulated in both colonial and postcolonial South Asia has been highly variable. On the one hand, it has led to thriving feminist movements, and on the other, notions of 'eternally oppressed South Asian women' have been-and are still-used as a pretext to justify a plethora of conservative viewpoints about this region, both at home and abroad.
Rebellious wives and dysfunctional marriages: Indian women's discourses and participation in the debates over restitution of conjugal rights and the child marriage controversy in the 1880s and 1890s
This thesis explores the complexities of an emergent feminist consciousness among Maharashtrian w... more This thesis explores the complexities of an emergent feminist consciousness among Maharashtrian women in the context of the socio-religious reform movements in late nineteenth century and early twentieth century India. It analyses how self- assertion was articulated through a gendered critique of Hindu religion and society. In constant interaction and at times in tension with the text-based colonial and indigenous discourses, their ideology it is argued was informed by experience. Critical of Eurocentric models of feminism, this study adopts alternative methods of reading and defining colonial women's perceptions and protests. Thus, the study takes as its starting- point the view of the Maharashtrian woman herself as she engages with the state and Indian men. In the first chapter the attempts of female converts to Christianity in negotiating with the changing world around them is studied. Christian women's pioneering welfare schemes are studied in detail showing how their fe...
The Patriarchs: the origins of inequality The Patriarchs: the origins of inequality , by Angela Saini, Boston, Beacon Press, 2023, vii + 246pp, $26.95 (hardcover), ISBN 978-0-8070-1454-7
Women's History Review
Women, Crime and Survival Strategies in Colonial India
The Emergence of Feminism in India, 1850-1920, 2017
The Emergence of Feminism in India, 1850-1920, 2017
Background: Patient stratification according to the risk of developing complications is an essent... more Background: Patient stratification according to the risk of developing complications is an essential step to define the best treatment approach in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Recently, Siegel et al (Gut 2017) published a score that aims to access the disease severity, considering disease activity (both clinical and endoscopic factors) and complications during the disease course, ranging from 0 to 100 values (higher values indicating worse disease severity). Our goal was to evaluate the capacity of this score calculated at the time of diagnosis (dx) to predict disease course during follow-up (FU): steroid use, therapy escalation to immunomodulators or biologics, hospitalisation and/or abdominal surgery. Methods: Retrospective cohort study including incident cases of UC in our centre between December 2012 and December 2018. We calculated the score at the time of dx and at the end of FU and collected data about disease course. Results: Eighty-five patients (57% men with a mean age of 43 ± 17 years) with newly diagnosed UC were included. Disease extension according to Montreal was E1 in 30/85 patients, E2 in 37/85 patients and E3 in 18/85 patients. Median FU time was 40 months. Median risk score at the time of dx was 30 (IQR 3-91) and it was higher in patients with younger age (36 vs. 26, p = 0.08) and extensive colitis (64 vs. 26, p < 0.001). During FU, 19/85 and 17/85 patients needed steroid use and therapy escalation, respectively. Proximal disease extension occurred in one patient. Hospital admission for acute exacerbation and/or colectomy was required in 6/85. The score at dx was higher in patients who underwent hospital admission or colectomy (score: 70 vs. 26, p = 0.002), or that needed steroid (score: 57 vs. 26, p < 0.001) or therapy escalation (score: 57 vs. 26, p < 0.001) during FU. In a survival analysis, the time for steroid use (plogrank < 0.001) or therapy escalation (plogrank < 0.001) was lower in patients with a higher score at dx (61 vs. 88 months and 56 vs. 86 months, respectively). The median score at the end of FU was 3 (IQR 0-66); a second colonoscopy was not available in three patients, who were not included in this analysis. There was a score reduction in 77/82 patients (39/82 had a score of 0). Only one patient had a similar score and 4/85 patients had a higher score. Patients with a significant score reduction during FU (below the median) were more frequently patients with no need for steroid use (p < 0.001) or therapy escalation (p = 0.002). Conclusion: This severity score seems to be a promising tool for risk stratification and prognosis determination in patients with UC, and its utility should be validated in prospective studies.
Historicising Child Sexual Abuse in Early Modern and Modern India: Patriarchal Norms, Violence and Agency of Child-Wives and Young Women in the Institution of Child Marriage
South Asian Studies, 2020
Although child-bride harm was uncovered during the Age of Consent controversy (1890s), no attempt... more Although child-bride harm was uncovered during the Age of Consent controversy (1890s), no attempt has been made to excavate its origins in Indian history. Rectifying this void, I investigate the phenomena of child sexual abuse in early modern and modern regions of Bengal and Maharashtra. I adopt a female-child-centred approach that involves engaging with the perspectives of girls and young women. Some questions raised are: Did a girl have rights? If so, how was her freewill visualised by the state, law and popular culture? What can we glean from women’s discourses through historical time on pre-pubertal sex, conjugality and child-marriage and how are they different from official discourses? In order to cast light on an obscured subject, I widen the archive to include an analysis of devotional poetry, bardic literature, personal narratives, royal chronicles besides, the more conventional media reports, religious and medical texts. The essay reveals how religious punditry combined with the state and popular culture to produce a convoluted concept of female agency that authorised girl-bride sexual abuse in child marriage. The study finds more continuities than breaks in the prevalence of child-wife abuse within the institution of child marriage from early modern to modern times.
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright All rights r... more Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Women as Agents: Contesting Discourses on Marriage and Marital Rights
Age of Consent and Child Marriage in India
Anti-colonial struggles have been narrowly interpreted so far, in terms of political self-determi... more Anti-colonial struggles have been narrowly interpreted so far, in terms of political self-determination in the making of sovereign nation-states. However, the impressive historical literature on Indian child marriage and the age of consent for girls has provided a context for locating the overlapping of the politics of nationalisms and sexualities. This entry reveals how imperialism as a global system allowed Britain to legitimate its continued rule in nineteenth century colonial India by denigrating the marriage and family sexual norms of India as “degraded.” Equally it outlines the assertion and resistance of Indian women whose campaigns gained a small victory in raising the age of consent from 10 to 12 years in 1891. The parallel strength of the powerful anti-imperial cultural movements is also scrutinized with the conclusion that new conjugal arrangements were forged by Indian men who succeeded in retaining older forms of patriarchal hierarchies through the instruments of “respe...
A pre-setting based sub-radix-2 approximation technique for multi-bit/cycle successiveapproximati... more A pre-setting based sub-radix-2 approximation technique for multi-bit/cycle successiveapproximation-register (SAR) analog to digital converters (ADCs) is proposed in this paper. The proposed approximation technique enhances the conversion speed and relieves the power hungry reference voltage buffer. The sub-radix-2 approximation only adjusts the weights of original binary DAC array without introducing additional unit capacitors and leading to reduced silicon area and power consumption. An adder based backend encoding circuit is proposed, with negligible power and silicon area overhead. Furthermore, the non-ideal DNL/INL, which are caused by incomplete DAC settling, are characterized and analysed in this paper. The peak DNL/INL values are symmetrically located at 1/4 and 3/4 of full scale. With the presence of sub-radix-2 approximation, the peak INL/DNL could be significantly reduced. The simulation results show the better performance of sub-radix-2 approximation than binary approximation. Designed in CMOS 40nm technology, it could keep a higher (>9.5-bit) effective number of bits (ENOB) with short settling time of DAC buffer, and boost the sampling rate equivalently.
Indian Christian women and indigenous feminism, c.1850–c.1920
Beyond Kitchen and Kid: Hindu Women’s Discourse and Work
Women’s Assertion and Resistance in Colonial India
Feminist Inheritances and Foremothers: the beginnings of feminism in modern India
Women's History Review, 2010
... And I decided to eat and drink from everybody&amp;amp;#x27;s hands. 10 [10] Laxmibai ... more ... And I decided to eat and drink from everybody&amp;amp;#x27;s hands. 10 [10] Laxmibai Tilak (2007) Sketches from Memory [Smriti‐Chitre], trans. ... 56 [56] Ek Gaud Saraswat Brahmani stri [A Gaud Saraswat Brahman lady] (1891) Punarvivaha [Remarriage], Arya Bhagini, July, p. 64. ...
The Emergence of Feminism in India, 1850–1920
Women's History Review, 2010
... Lata Anagol, Dr Sunanda and Dr Dinesh Bargale, Dr Neema, Vinay and Dr Namita Anagol. ... of t... more ... Lata Anagol, Dr Sunanda and Dr Dinesh Bargale, Dr Neema, Vinay and Dr Namita Anagol. ... of the earliest pioneers of women&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#x27;s history of modern India alongside Neera Desai, Pratima Asthana ... even include writings by some radical women of the period.14 Malavika Karlekar in ...
Gender, religion and anti-feminism in Hindu right wing writings: Notes from a nineteenth century Indian woman-patriot's text ‘Essays in the Service of a Nation’
Women's Studies International Forum, 2013
ABSTRACT
Cultural and Social History
Cultural and Social History
Amartya Sen has compellingly argued in The Idea of Justice that far from being a value-neutral te... more Amartya Sen has compellingly argued in The Idea of Justice that far from being a value-neutral term, 'justice' is a relative one, with competing claims made on it by different parties in any given context. 1 Does this mean that justice is an empty concept, bereft of any meaning or devoid of self-explanatory power? This special issue seeks to find answers to this question. 'Justice' came to embrace myriad meanings for the British Empire. Enlightenment thinking that hinged on rationality and logic, discarding superstition and religion, provided a platform for the discussion of rights and justice for the new generations of philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and James S. Mill. 2 The debates that spilled over from such a legacy on collective versus individual rights can be seen unfolding in various discourses from missionaries, indigenous legal thinkers, reformers down to artists, novelists and British officials on the ground in the wider British empire from across India, Burma and Malaysia. So influential was the idea of justice in the template of the 'civilising mission' that despite the religious and theological framework of missionary thinking on the idea of 'mercy' and 'justice' , one notices from this collection of essays that missionaries and their African and Asian converts drew more from Enlightenment thought and the Gospels rather than the Old Testament in the new phenomenon called 'mission Christianity'. 3 Concerns with 'justice' and what this might entail for South Asia in the sense of delivering 'fairness and equitable treatment' , goes beyond a focus on the narrow legalistic sense of the term, yet simultaneously returns to the ideas and practices of law. These processes are also deeply bound up with both the materiality and representation of gender, as evidenced by the national and international responses that were generated by the gang-rape and murder of a 23-year-old physiotherapy student in New Delhi on 16 December 2012. 4 For Indian women and men who publicly protested, the raped student (Nirbhaya) became a rallying cry in not just bringing the specific perpetrators to account, but to highlight broader issues of injustice facing women, such as restrictions (in practice if not necessarily in theory) on mobility, education and dress. 5 Alongside the issues of discrimination and injustice, the subject of South Asian women's social, cultural, religious and economic position has also historically been identified both within and outside the subcontinent as an area particularly deserving of attention. In practice, however, the ways in which inequality around gender and sexuality has been theorised and articulated in both colonial and postcolonial South Asia has been highly variable. On the one hand, it has led to thriving feminist movements, and on the other, notions of 'eternally oppressed South Asian women' have been-and are still-used as a pretext to justify a plethora of conservative viewpoints about this region, both at home and abroad.
Rebellious wives and dysfunctional marriages: Indian women's discourses and participation in the debates over restitution of conjugal rights and the child marriage controversy in the 1880s and 1890s