Dominic Eggbeer | Cardiff Metropolitan University (original) (raw)
Papers by Dominic Eggbeer
Medical modelling and the principles of medical imaging, Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Rapid Pr... more Medical modelling and the principles of medical imaging, Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Rapid Prototyping (also known as Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing) are important techniques relating to various disciplines - from biomaterials engineering to surgery. Medical Modelling: The application of Advanced Design and Rapid Prototyping techniques in medicine provides readers with a revised edition of the original text, along with key information on innovative imaging techniques, Rapid Prototyping technologies and case studies. Following an overview of medical imaging for Rapid Prototyping, the book goes on to discuss working with medical scan data and techniques for Rapid Prototyping. In this second edition there is an extensive section of peer-reviewed case studies, describing the practical applications of advanced design technologies in surgical, prosthetic, orthotic, dental and research applications.
Rapid Prototyping Journal, 2016
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse structure and measure hardness of Co-Cr dental ... more Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse structure and measure hardness of Co-Cr dental alloy samples made with two different technologies, conventional casting method (CCM samples) and additive direct metal laser sintering technology (DMLS samples), and to compare the results. Design/methodology/approach – CCM samples were made in a conventional casting machine, using remanium 800+ Co-Cr dental alloy (Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany). DMLS samples were fabricated out of EOS CC SP2 Co-Cr alloy (EOS, GmbH, Munich, Germany) using DMLS technology. Samples for structural analysis were plate-shaped (10 × 10 × 1.5 mm3) and for the hardness test were prismatic-shaped (55 × 10.2 × 11.2 mm3). Structure was analysed via an inverting microscope and colour metallography method. Findings – CCM samples have a dense, irregular dendritic mesh, which is typical for the metallic phase of the Co-Cr dental alloy. DMLS alloy has a more homogenous and more compact structure, compared to CCM. Metal...
Proceedings of the 4th National Conference on Rapid & Virtual Prototyping and Applications, 2003
Quintessence Journal of Dental Technology, 2004
Rapid Prototyping Journal, 2016
Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to identify the key design process factors acting as driver... more Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to identify the key design process factors acting as drivers or barriers to routine health service adoption of additively manufactured (AM) patient-specific devices. The technical efficacy of, and clinical benefits from, using computer-aided design (CAD) and AM in the production of such devices (implants and guides) has been established. Despite this, they are still not commonplace. With AM equipment and CAD tool costs largely outside of the clinician’s or designer’s control, the opportunity exists to explore design process improvement routes to facilitate routine health service implementation.Design/methodology/approach– A literature review, new data from three separate clinical case studies and experience from an institute working on collaborative research and commercial application of CAD/AM in the maxillofacial specialty, were analysed to extract a list and formulate models of design process factors.Findings– A semi-digital design and fabric...
Quintessence Journal of Dental Technology, 2004
DRS2018: Catalyst, Jun 28, 2018
This study investigates the experience of people with the chronic medical condition lymphoedema, ... more This study investigates the experience of people with the chronic medical condition lymphoedema, to inform the design of new products. Articles from literature that describe lived lymphoedema experiences are thematically synthesised from a behavioural lens. People with lymphoedema go through stages toward achieving levels of expertise, motivation and routine, to maintain effective self-management in the long-term. A preliminary framework is proposed that presents four themes (competence, autonomy, daily routine and socio-psychological) and their stages. The purpose of the framework is to assist designers in understanding how people with lymphoedema experience self-management. Focusing on facilitating a transition through these multi-dimensional stages is suggested as a means to aid the design of supportive health products. Related design implementations are discussed through product examples. This framework is developed as part of a wider research project, where the following stages will be concerned with refinement of the framework through primary research with people with lymphoedema and their healthcare providers. design for self-management; lymphoedema; chronic conditions; health and wellbeing Dr Dominic Eggbeer has fifteen years' experience of Research and Innovation projects that aim to improve design performance within both public and private sector organisations on subjects around Patient Specific Medical Device Design, User Centred Design and Advanced Manufacturing Technologies. Prof. Andrew Walters has eighteen years' experience of Research and Innovation projects that aim to improve design performance within both public and private sector organisations on subjects around Product Design, Service Design, User Centred Design, Design Management and Design Policy.
Orthopedics and Rheumatology Open Access Journal, 2017
Introduction: The Sliding Hip Screw (SHS) is a tried and tested method used to treat intertrochan... more Introduction: The Sliding Hip Screw (SHS) is a tried and tested method used to treat intertrochanteric hip fractures. Lag screw cutout is a major complication of SHS fixation and accepted risk factors are often re-evaluated. We aim to demonstrate a new hypothesis of cutout using 3D reconstructive modelling. We propose that the risk of cutout is much greater in lag screws with a smaller thread surface area and larger thread volume. Method: The four commonly used SHS lag screw systems (Biomet, Synthes, Stryker and Smith & Nephew) were CT scanned and the images processed and turned into 3D computer models for further analysis. Results: There were significan differences between the surface area and thread volumes of the lag screws between manufacturers ranging from 67.0mm 2-347.4 mm 2 and 166.376mm 3-225.687mm 3 respectively. Discussion: Assuming the consistency of bone is equal, we propose that the risk of cutout is much greater in lag screws with a smaller surface area to thread volume ratio (SA:TV). The reamer design of lag screws is also discussed. Conclusion: Although there are many non-modifiable risk factors that contribute to screw cutout , selecting the right raw materials for SHS fixation will have a favorable impact on the overall risk.
Rapid Prototyping Journal, 2016
Purpose – This paper aims to present novel techniques for designing maxillofacial prostheses usin... more Purpose – This paper aims to present novel techniques for designing maxillofacial prostheses using computer-aided design (CAD) and additive manufacture (AM), focusing on the integration of osseointegrated retention components. A fully computer-aided approach is considered as a major step towards reducing patient consultation time and an efficient workflow. Design/methodology/approach – The workflow was illustrated through a phantom model. 3D laser scanning was used to capture the phantom anatomy and pre-fabricated geometric features, which enabled the implant positions to be precisely reverse engineered in the data. A novel CAD workflow was used to design the retention mechanisms and a mould. The individual components were fabricated using AM. A definitive silicone prosthesis that incorporated a bar/clip retention mechanism was then fabricated. Findings – The research demonstrated that retention components can be integrated into prostheses using appropriate CAD and AM technologies. ...
Purpose The application of Computer Aided Design and Additive Manufacturing (CAD/AM) in cranio-ma... more Purpose The application of Computer Aided Design and Additive Manufacturing (CAD/AM) in cranio-maxillofacial surgery is growing, with products such as patient specific implants and guides being associated with reductions in expensive surgery time, reduced infection risks and recovery periods compared to off-the-shelf alternatives. Whilst improved outcomes are perceived as being derived from designing anatomical and mechanical matches via the production of challenging geometries, there is actually limited evidence to support significant improvements in functional and economic outcomes over conventional techniques. This presentation addresses the key technical design-rule and fabrication challenges to wider-spread adoption of CAD/AM techniques. Methods Research started with a null hypothesis; CAD/AM technologies offer no improvement in clinical or functional outcomes over conventional, UK-based lab processes. Measures of technical success in terms of capability to deliver an appropria...
Medical modelling and the principles of medical imaging, Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Rapid Pr... more Medical modelling and the principles of medical imaging, Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Rapid Prototyping (also known as Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing) are important techniques relating to various disciplines - from biomaterials engineering to surgery. Building on the success of the first edition, Medical Modelling: The application of Advanced Design and Rapid Prototyping techniques in medicine provides readers with a revised edition of the original text, along with key information on innovative imaging techniques, Rapid Prototyping technologies and case studies. Following an overview of medical imaging for Rapid Prototyping, the book goes on to discuss working with medical scan data and techniques for Rapid Prototyping. In this second edition there is an extensive section of peer-reviewed case studies, describing the practical applications of advanced design technologies in surgical, prosthetic, orthotic, dental and research applications.
Objetivo: Este articulo es el primero de una serie que tiene como objetivo identificar los requis... more Objetivo: Este articulo es el primero de una serie que tiene como objetivo identificar los requisitos de especificacion para las tecnologias digitales avanzadas que puedan emplearse para disenar y fabricar protesis faciales de tejidos blandos complejas. Material y metodo: Tras una revision de las tecnicas previamente descritas, se eligieron y aplicaron en un estudio piloto las tecnologias apropiadas y disponibles en la actualidad. Este estudio emplea un espectro de tecnologias de barrido optico de superficie, tomografia computarizada, diseno asistido por ordenador y prototipado rapido para captar, disenar y fabricar una protesis auricular con anclaje oseo, que incluya los componentes retentivos. Las tecnicas se evaluan en cuanto a su eficacia, y los resultados se emplean para identificar futuras investigaciones y requisitos de especificacion que permitan avances directos. Resultados: Este estudio de casos indica que, si bien las tecnologias digitales pueden emplearse para disenar protesis faciales retenidas por implantes, es necesario abordar muchas limitaciones para hacer que estas tecnicas sean viables desde un punto de vista clinico. Tambien identifica la necesidad de desarrollar una especificacion mas robusta que cubra areas como la resolucion, precision, materiales y diseno, frente a las cuales puedan evaluarse las posibles tecnologias. Conclusiones: Existe una necesidad de desarrollar una especificacion frente a que posibles tecnologias pueden evaluarse respecto a su idoneidad en la protesis facial de tejidos blandos. Se desarrollara la especificacion a partir de posteriores estudios experimentales de investigacion.
CAD/CAM technology in dentistry offers high-end ceramic restorations, known for its quality, prec... more CAD/CAM technology in dentistry offers high-end ceramic restorations, known for its quality, preciseness, swiftness and repeatability. However, some features are still human-dependent. A young female patient required smile enhancement, since suffering from colour change on three devitalized frontal teeth. After fiber post placement, teeth were prepared for metal-free restoration. Consequently, abutments were scanned using extraoral scanner (Sirona, InEos Blue; Beinsheim, Germany). CAD software (version 3.8) has been used to create three crown copings, with cutback in the incisal region. After finalization of the virtual modeling, data file has been transferred to a milling unit (Sirona, MCXL, Beinsheim, Germany) that produced crown copings out of a ceramic block (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtestein). Crowns were tried for the fit and occlusion in the so-called blue stage, after which final strength and shape has been achieved by thermal treatment in the ceramic furnace. Individualization has been done manually, creating special effect in the cutback region. Crowns were cemented adhesively. CAD/CAM offers modern and relevant way of producing ceramic restorations, however, special effects still require manual adjustments.
Corrosion resistance is one of the characteristics that dental alloy should possess as it should ... more Corrosion resistance is one of the characteristics that dental alloy should possess as it should be placed in the oral cavity. Adverse tissue reactions of the gingiva and the periodontium close to dental cast alloys may be caused by the effects of released metal elements. Corrosion effect of dental Co-Cr-Mo alloy was investigated by ICP MS according to the EN ISO 10271 and EN ISO 22674. Co-Cr dental alloy Remanium GM 800+ (Dentaurum Ispringen, Germany was tested in artificial saliva for 7 days at 37ºC. The released metals were detected by Nexion 300X ICP MS (Perkin Elmer, USA). The results showed that the metal release was very low for Co, Cr and Mo, far below the permitted levels. ICP-MS can be considered as very reliable method for such a research.
The acceptance of metal additive manufacturing (AM) technique in dentistry depends on the clinica... more The acceptance of metal additive manufacturing (AM) technique in dentistry depends on the clinical evidence and performance. There is an increased interest in laser-sintered cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys as it is reported to have advantages over conventional cast Co-Cr alloys.Laser sintering is a complex thermo-physical process that can vary the final product, which is dependent on alloying constituents, laser beam, accuracy of scanners and building machines and the parameters of the controlled environment. This review looks at all relevant publications over the last 10 years on in-vitro mechanical and biocompatibility properties used to verify the suitability of intraoral laser-sintered Co-Cr alloys. For the purpose of this review the term laser sintering also refers to laser melting technologies. The review notes that although there has been considerable progress with laser-sintered Co-Cr alloys, there is still a gap in knowledge and hence, further studies need to be undertaken to ascertain their suitability and provide recommendations.
Medical modelling and the principles of medical imaging, Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Rapid Pr... more Medical modelling and the principles of medical imaging, Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Rapid Prototyping (also known as Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing) are important techniques relating to various disciplines - from biomaterials engineering to surgery. Medical Modelling: The application of Advanced Design and Rapid Prototyping techniques in medicine provides readers with a revised edition of the original text, along with key information on innovative imaging techniques, Rapid Prototyping technologies and case studies. Following an overview of medical imaging for Rapid Prototyping, the book goes on to discuss working with medical scan data and techniques for Rapid Prototyping. In this second edition there is an extensive section of peer-reviewed case studies, describing the practical applications of advanced design technologies in surgical, prosthetic, orthotic, dental and research applications.
Rapid Prototyping Journal, 2016
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse structure and measure hardness of Co-Cr dental ... more Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse structure and measure hardness of Co-Cr dental alloy samples made with two different technologies, conventional casting method (CCM samples) and additive direct metal laser sintering technology (DMLS samples), and to compare the results. Design/methodology/approach – CCM samples were made in a conventional casting machine, using remanium 800+ Co-Cr dental alloy (Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany). DMLS samples were fabricated out of EOS CC SP2 Co-Cr alloy (EOS, GmbH, Munich, Germany) using DMLS technology. Samples for structural analysis were plate-shaped (10 × 10 × 1.5 mm3) and for the hardness test were prismatic-shaped (55 × 10.2 × 11.2 mm3). Structure was analysed via an inverting microscope and colour metallography method. Findings – CCM samples have a dense, irregular dendritic mesh, which is typical for the metallic phase of the Co-Cr dental alloy. DMLS alloy has a more homogenous and more compact structure, compared to CCM. Metal...
Proceedings of the 4th National Conference on Rapid & Virtual Prototyping and Applications, 2003
Quintessence Journal of Dental Technology, 2004
Rapid Prototyping Journal, 2016
Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to identify the key design process factors acting as driver... more Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to identify the key design process factors acting as drivers or barriers to routine health service adoption of additively manufactured (AM) patient-specific devices. The technical efficacy of, and clinical benefits from, using computer-aided design (CAD) and AM in the production of such devices (implants and guides) has been established. Despite this, they are still not commonplace. With AM equipment and CAD tool costs largely outside of the clinician’s or designer’s control, the opportunity exists to explore design process improvement routes to facilitate routine health service implementation.Design/methodology/approach– A literature review, new data from three separate clinical case studies and experience from an institute working on collaborative research and commercial application of CAD/AM in the maxillofacial specialty, were analysed to extract a list and formulate models of design process factors.Findings– A semi-digital design and fabric...
Quintessence Journal of Dental Technology, 2004
DRS2018: Catalyst, Jun 28, 2018
This study investigates the experience of people with the chronic medical condition lymphoedema, ... more This study investigates the experience of people with the chronic medical condition lymphoedema, to inform the design of new products. Articles from literature that describe lived lymphoedema experiences are thematically synthesised from a behavioural lens. People with lymphoedema go through stages toward achieving levels of expertise, motivation and routine, to maintain effective self-management in the long-term. A preliminary framework is proposed that presents four themes (competence, autonomy, daily routine and socio-psychological) and their stages. The purpose of the framework is to assist designers in understanding how people with lymphoedema experience self-management. Focusing on facilitating a transition through these multi-dimensional stages is suggested as a means to aid the design of supportive health products. Related design implementations are discussed through product examples. This framework is developed as part of a wider research project, where the following stages will be concerned with refinement of the framework through primary research with people with lymphoedema and their healthcare providers. design for self-management; lymphoedema; chronic conditions; health and wellbeing Dr Dominic Eggbeer has fifteen years' experience of Research and Innovation projects that aim to improve design performance within both public and private sector organisations on subjects around Patient Specific Medical Device Design, User Centred Design and Advanced Manufacturing Technologies. Prof. Andrew Walters has eighteen years' experience of Research and Innovation projects that aim to improve design performance within both public and private sector organisations on subjects around Product Design, Service Design, User Centred Design, Design Management and Design Policy.
Orthopedics and Rheumatology Open Access Journal, 2017
Introduction: The Sliding Hip Screw (SHS) is a tried and tested method used to treat intertrochan... more Introduction: The Sliding Hip Screw (SHS) is a tried and tested method used to treat intertrochanteric hip fractures. Lag screw cutout is a major complication of SHS fixation and accepted risk factors are often re-evaluated. We aim to demonstrate a new hypothesis of cutout using 3D reconstructive modelling. We propose that the risk of cutout is much greater in lag screws with a smaller thread surface area and larger thread volume. Method: The four commonly used SHS lag screw systems (Biomet, Synthes, Stryker and Smith & Nephew) were CT scanned and the images processed and turned into 3D computer models for further analysis. Results: There were significan differences between the surface area and thread volumes of the lag screws between manufacturers ranging from 67.0mm 2-347.4 mm 2 and 166.376mm 3-225.687mm 3 respectively. Discussion: Assuming the consistency of bone is equal, we propose that the risk of cutout is much greater in lag screws with a smaller surface area to thread volume ratio (SA:TV). The reamer design of lag screws is also discussed. Conclusion: Although there are many non-modifiable risk factors that contribute to screw cutout , selecting the right raw materials for SHS fixation will have a favorable impact on the overall risk.
Rapid Prototyping Journal, 2016
Purpose – This paper aims to present novel techniques for designing maxillofacial prostheses usin... more Purpose – This paper aims to present novel techniques for designing maxillofacial prostheses using computer-aided design (CAD) and additive manufacture (AM), focusing on the integration of osseointegrated retention components. A fully computer-aided approach is considered as a major step towards reducing patient consultation time and an efficient workflow. Design/methodology/approach – The workflow was illustrated through a phantom model. 3D laser scanning was used to capture the phantom anatomy and pre-fabricated geometric features, which enabled the implant positions to be precisely reverse engineered in the data. A novel CAD workflow was used to design the retention mechanisms and a mould. The individual components were fabricated using AM. A definitive silicone prosthesis that incorporated a bar/clip retention mechanism was then fabricated. Findings – The research demonstrated that retention components can be integrated into prostheses using appropriate CAD and AM technologies. ...
Purpose The application of Computer Aided Design and Additive Manufacturing (CAD/AM) in cranio-ma... more Purpose The application of Computer Aided Design and Additive Manufacturing (CAD/AM) in cranio-maxillofacial surgery is growing, with products such as patient specific implants and guides being associated with reductions in expensive surgery time, reduced infection risks and recovery periods compared to off-the-shelf alternatives. Whilst improved outcomes are perceived as being derived from designing anatomical and mechanical matches via the production of challenging geometries, there is actually limited evidence to support significant improvements in functional and economic outcomes over conventional techniques. This presentation addresses the key technical design-rule and fabrication challenges to wider-spread adoption of CAD/AM techniques. Methods Research started with a null hypothesis; CAD/AM technologies offer no improvement in clinical or functional outcomes over conventional, UK-based lab processes. Measures of technical success in terms of capability to deliver an appropria...
Medical modelling and the principles of medical imaging, Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Rapid Pr... more Medical modelling and the principles of medical imaging, Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Rapid Prototyping (also known as Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing) are important techniques relating to various disciplines - from biomaterials engineering to surgery. Building on the success of the first edition, Medical Modelling: The application of Advanced Design and Rapid Prototyping techniques in medicine provides readers with a revised edition of the original text, along with key information on innovative imaging techniques, Rapid Prototyping technologies and case studies. Following an overview of medical imaging for Rapid Prototyping, the book goes on to discuss working with medical scan data and techniques for Rapid Prototyping. In this second edition there is an extensive section of peer-reviewed case studies, describing the practical applications of advanced design technologies in surgical, prosthetic, orthotic, dental and research applications.
Objetivo: Este articulo es el primero de una serie que tiene como objetivo identificar los requis... more Objetivo: Este articulo es el primero de una serie que tiene como objetivo identificar los requisitos de especificacion para las tecnologias digitales avanzadas que puedan emplearse para disenar y fabricar protesis faciales de tejidos blandos complejas. Material y metodo: Tras una revision de las tecnicas previamente descritas, se eligieron y aplicaron en un estudio piloto las tecnologias apropiadas y disponibles en la actualidad. Este estudio emplea un espectro de tecnologias de barrido optico de superficie, tomografia computarizada, diseno asistido por ordenador y prototipado rapido para captar, disenar y fabricar una protesis auricular con anclaje oseo, que incluya los componentes retentivos. Las tecnicas se evaluan en cuanto a su eficacia, y los resultados se emplean para identificar futuras investigaciones y requisitos de especificacion que permitan avances directos. Resultados: Este estudio de casos indica que, si bien las tecnologias digitales pueden emplearse para disenar protesis faciales retenidas por implantes, es necesario abordar muchas limitaciones para hacer que estas tecnicas sean viables desde un punto de vista clinico. Tambien identifica la necesidad de desarrollar una especificacion mas robusta que cubra areas como la resolucion, precision, materiales y diseno, frente a las cuales puedan evaluarse las posibles tecnologias. Conclusiones: Existe una necesidad de desarrollar una especificacion frente a que posibles tecnologias pueden evaluarse respecto a su idoneidad en la protesis facial de tejidos blandos. Se desarrollara la especificacion a partir de posteriores estudios experimentales de investigacion.
CAD/CAM technology in dentistry offers high-end ceramic restorations, known for its quality, prec... more CAD/CAM technology in dentistry offers high-end ceramic restorations, known for its quality, preciseness, swiftness and repeatability. However, some features are still human-dependent. A young female patient required smile enhancement, since suffering from colour change on three devitalized frontal teeth. After fiber post placement, teeth were prepared for metal-free restoration. Consequently, abutments were scanned using extraoral scanner (Sirona, InEos Blue; Beinsheim, Germany). CAD software (version 3.8) has been used to create three crown copings, with cutback in the incisal region. After finalization of the virtual modeling, data file has been transferred to a milling unit (Sirona, MCXL, Beinsheim, Germany) that produced crown copings out of a ceramic block (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtestein). Crowns were tried for the fit and occlusion in the so-called blue stage, after which final strength and shape has been achieved by thermal treatment in the ceramic furnace. Individualization has been done manually, creating special effect in the cutback region. Crowns were cemented adhesively. CAD/CAM offers modern and relevant way of producing ceramic restorations, however, special effects still require manual adjustments.
Corrosion resistance is one of the characteristics that dental alloy should possess as it should ... more Corrosion resistance is one of the characteristics that dental alloy should possess as it should be placed in the oral cavity. Adverse tissue reactions of the gingiva and the periodontium close to dental cast alloys may be caused by the effects of released metal elements. Corrosion effect of dental Co-Cr-Mo alloy was investigated by ICP MS according to the EN ISO 10271 and EN ISO 22674. Co-Cr dental alloy Remanium GM 800+ (Dentaurum Ispringen, Germany was tested in artificial saliva for 7 days at 37ºC. The released metals were detected by Nexion 300X ICP MS (Perkin Elmer, USA). The results showed that the metal release was very low for Co, Cr and Mo, far below the permitted levels. ICP-MS can be considered as very reliable method for such a research.
The acceptance of metal additive manufacturing (AM) technique in dentistry depends on the clinica... more The acceptance of metal additive manufacturing (AM) technique in dentistry depends on the clinical evidence and performance. There is an increased interest in laser-sintered cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys as it is reported to have advantages over conventional cast Co-Cr alloys.Laser sintering is a complex thermo-physical process that can vary the final product, which is dependent on alloying constituents, laser beam, accuracy of scanners and building machines and the parameters of the controlled environment. This review looks at all relevant publications over the last 10 years on in-vitro mechanical and biocompatibility properties used to verify the suitability of intraoral laser-sintered Co-Cr alloys. For the purpose of this review the term laser sintering also refers to laser melting technologies. The review notes that although there has been considerable progress with laser-sintered Co-Cr alloys, there is still a gap in knowledge and hence, further studies need to be undertaken to ascertain their suitability and provide recommendations.