Hugh Shewell | Carleton University (original) (raw)

Papers by Hugh Shewell

Canadian Historical Review, 2014

The Canadian historical review, 2006

University of Toronto Press eBooks, 2004

Far from being a measure of progress or humanitarian aid, Indian welfare policy in Canada was use... more Far from being a measure of progress or humanitarian aid, Indian welfare policy in Canada was used deliberately to oppress and marginalize First Nations peoples and to foster their assimilation into the dominant society. 'Enough to Keep Them Alive' explores the history of the development and administration of social assistance policies on Indian reserves in Canada from confederation to the modern period, demonstrating a continuity of policy with roots in the pre-confederation practices of fur trading companies. Extensive archival evidence from the Indian Affairs record group at the National Archives of Canada is supplemented for the post-World War Two era by interviews with some of the key federal players. More than just an historical narrative, the book presents a critical analysis with a clear theoretical focus drawing on colonial and post-colonial theory, social theory, and critiques of liberalism and liberal democracy.

Recherches amérindiennes au Québec, 2007

This study aimed to identify critical cell cycle-related genes (CCRGs) in prostate cancer (PRAD) ... more This study aimed to identify critical cell cycle-related genes (CCRGs) in prostate cancer (PRAD) and to evaluate the clinical prognostic value of the gene panel selected. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) of dysregulated genes between PRAD and normal tissues demonstrated that the cell cycle-related pathways played vital roles in PRAD. Patients were classified into four clusters, which were associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS). Moreover, 200 prognostic-related genes were selected using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis and univariable Cox regression. The prognostic CCRG risk score was constructed using random forest survival and multivariate regression Cox methods, and their efficiency was validated in Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) and GSE70770. We identified nine survival-related genes: CCNL2, CDCA5, KAT2A, CHTF18, SPC24, EME2, CDK5RAP3, CDC20, and PTTG1. Based on the median risk score, the patients were divided into two groups. Then the functional enrichment analyses, mutational profiles, immune components, estimated half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), and candidate drugs were screened of these two groups. In addition, the characteristics of nine hub CCRGs were explored in Oncomine, cBioPortal, and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) datasets. Finally, the expression profiles of these hub CCRGs were validated in RWPE-1 and three PRAD cell lines (PC-3, C4-2, and DU-145). In conclusion, our study systematically explored the role of CCRGs in PRAD and constructed a risk model that can predict the clinical prognosis and immunotherapeutic benefits.

Recherches amérindiennes au Québec, 2006

Tous droits réservés © Recherches amérindiennes au Québec, 2006 Ce document est protégé par la lo... more Tous droits réservés © Recherches amérindiennes au Québec, 2006 Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne.

I. First Nations' Loss of Control Over Social PolicyThere is a significant literature that de... more I. First Nations' Loss of Control Over Social PolicyThere is a significant literature that describes and deconstructs the history of colonial and then Canadian state - Aboriginal relations. From this literature it becomes clear how First Nations were gradually stripped of their independence and control over their social and cultural affairs; that is, there are broad stroke events that gradually usurped First Nations of their self-determination. Beginning with the fur trade, the Royal Proclamation of 1763, settlement, the implementation of English colonial policies and finally the creation of the Canadian state and the Indian Act, all these historical occurrences led to the disempowerment of Aboriginal peoples within what today is Canada.2 This part of the paper describes how the state gradually - sometimes not so gradually - constricted the ability of First Nations to have any say or influence over social policies that shaped their lives. Indeed, Indian3 matters themselves becam...

British Journal of Social Work, 2021

This article reports on a quantitative study of how Canadian social work educators engage in soci... more This article reports on a quantitative study of how Canadian social work educators engage in social policy practice. The first part of the article contextualises social policy in Canada, explains how social policy has been incorporated into Canadian social work education and concludes by posing the research question. The second part presents the study’s findings of how and to what extent Canadian social work academics engage with social policy including its development, analysis and implementation. Thirty-one educators representing seventeen of Canada’s forty schools of social work responded to a standard questionnaire used in a collection of cross-national studies. The Canadian responses were analysed to determine (1) the level and type of engagement in policy including the perceived impact on social policy and (2) the institutional and individual factors associated with their engagement. Some comparisons are made with other countries studies. The third part of the article provides...

Histoire Sociale-social History, 2001

The continuing objective of state policy towards First Nations in Canada has been their assimilat... more The continuing objective of state policy towards First Nations in Canada has been their assimilation into the dominant society. Until World War II the strategy had been to subjugate them through transparently harsh statutory and administrative measures. After the war, a new ostensibly more humane approach to assimilation was introduced. An analysis of archival documents from the Canadian Department of Indian Affairs reveals the role of the social sciences in influencing this approach. Knowledge from the social sciences, applied to Indian policy, reflected the biases of modern liberalism. The social sciences pointed to the required direction of Indian adaptation — the market, individualism, self-reliance, and the family — and to what aspects of Indian culture had to change — collectivism, extended kinship, and gendered roles reflective of traditional rather than modern cultures. Although these state policies enjoyed wide public support, First Nations refused to be mere objects of sci...

Far from being a measure of progress or humanitarian aid, Indian welfare policy in Canada was use... more Far from being a measure of progress or humanitarian aid, Indian welfare policy in Canada was used deliberately to oppress and marginalize First Nations peoples and to foster their assimilation into the dominant society. 'Enough to Keep Them Alive' explores the history of the development and administration of social assistance policies on Indian reserves in Canada from confederation to the modern period, demonstrating a continuity of policy with roots in the pre-confederation practices of fur trading companies. Extensive archival evidence from the Indian Affairs record group at the National Archives of Canada is supplemented for the post-World War Two era by interviews with some of the key federal players. More than just an historical narrative, the book presents a critical analysis with a clear theoretical focus drawing on colonial and post-colonial theory, social theory, and critiques of liberalism and liberal democracy.

Abstract: Two remarkable conventions of First Nations chiefs and political leaders in Canada occu... more Abstract: Two remarkable conventions of First Nations chiefs and political leaders in Canada occurred in Ottawa during the final years of the Second World War. Ostensibly protesting military conscription and income taxation, the issues at the conventions went to the heart of their oppression: the denial of aboriginal rights, nationhood and self-determination. The essay critically reviews the context of Indian policy leading up to the conventions, the impact of the protest led by Jules Sioui and the continuing divergence of First Nations’ and state objectives concerning the future place of Indians in Canada. In conclusion, the essay discusses the idea of citizenship and the inclusion of indigenous peoples in states of European settler origins. Abstract: Deux assemblées d’importance réunissant des chefs des Premières nations et des dirigeants politiques Canadiens ont été tenues à Ottawa au cours des dernières années de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Prétendument avancées pour protester c...

The Settlement House Movement Revisited

Inspired by Oxford University’s Christian social reform clubs in the early 20 th century, Basil H... more Inspired by Oxford University’s Christian social reform clubs in the early 20 th century, Basil Henriques a young Jewish gentleman from a distinguished, upper middle-class family in London determined to establish a Jewish boys’ club in London’s East End. Influenced first by his mother’s devotion to Judaism and then by the progressive views of Jewish scholar, Claude Montefiore and his Oxford history professor, Kenneth Leys, Henriques established the Oxford and St.George’s Jewish Boys’ Club in 1914. An anti-Zionist, Henriques believed strongly in establishing a club that would socialize Jewish youth to become both proud Jews and proud citizens of Great Britain. The club soon served both boys and girls and, by 1919, it had acquired larger premises and become a settlement. Changing demographics in London’s Whitechapel and the rise of the welfare state eventually led to the settlements’ relocation in 1973 and then to its eventual demise.

The Journal of Interdisciplinary History

Human Welfare, Rights, and Social Activism, 2010

Histoire Sociale Social History, May 1, 2001

Chupik-Hall observes that social adjustment for First Nations peoples meant their adoption of non... more Chupik-Hall observes that social adjustment for First Nations peoples meant their adoption of non-indigenous cultural patterns: "This was the all too familiar theme in post-Second World War social science discourse on Aboriginal people."

Canadian Historical Review, 2014

The Canadian historical review, 2006

University of Toronto Press eBooks, 2004

Far from being a measure of progress or humanitarian aid, Indian welfare policy in Canada was use... more Far from being a measure of progress or humanitarian aid, Indian welfare policy in Canada was used deliberately to oppress and marginalize First Nations peoples and to foster their assimilation into the dominant society. 'Enough to Keep Them Alive' explores the history of the development and administration of social assistance policies on Indian reserves in Canada from confederation to the modern period, demonstrating a continuity of policy with roots in the pre-confederation practices of fur trading companies. Extensive archival evidence from the Indian Affairs record group at the National Archives of Canada is supplemented for the post-World War Two era by interviews with some of the key federal players. More than just an historical narrative, the book presents a critical analysis with a clear theoretical focus drawing on colonial and post-colonial theory, social theory, and critiques of liberalism and liberal democracy.

Recherches amérindiennes au Québec, 2007

This study aimed to identify critical cell cycle-related genes (CCRGs) in prostate cancer (PRAD) ... more This study aimed to identify critical cell cycle-related genes (CCRGs) in prostate cancer (PRAD) and to evaluate the clinical prognostic value of the gene panel selected. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) of dysregulated genes between PRAD and normal tissues demonstrated that the cell cycle-related pathways played vital roles in PRAD. Patients were classified into four clusters, which were associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS). Moreover, 200 prognostic-related genes were selected using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis and univariable Cox regression. The prognostic CCRG risk score was constructed using random forest survival and multivariate regression Cox methods, and their efficiency was validated in Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) and GSE70770. We identified nine survival-related genes: CCNL2, CDCA5, KAT2A, CHTF18, SPC24, EME2, CDK5RAP3, CDC20, and PTTG1. Based on the median risk score, the patients were divided into two groups. Then the functional enrichment analyses, mutational profiles, immune components, estimated half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), and candidate drugs were screened of these two groups. In addition, the characteristics of nine hub CCRGs were explored in Oncomine, cBioPortal, and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) datasets. Finally, the expression profiles of these hub CCRGs were validated in RWPE-1 and three PRAD cell lines (PC-3, C4-2, and DU-145). In conclusion, our study systematically explored the role of CCRGs in PRAD and constructed a risk model that can predict the clinical prognosis and immunotherapeutic benefits.

Recherches amérindiennes au Québec, 2006

Tous droits réservés © Recherches amérindiennes au Québec, 2006 Ce document est protégé par la lo... more Tous droits réservés © Recherches amérindiennes au Québec, 2006 Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne.

I. First Nations' Loss of Control Over Social PolicyThere is a significant literature that de... more I. First Nations' Loss of Control Over Social PolicyThere is a significant literature that describes and deconstructs the history of colonial and then Canadian state - Aboriginal relations. From this literature it becomes clear how First Nations were gradually stripped of their independence and control over their social and cultural affairs; that is, there are broad stroke events that gradually usurped First Nations of their self-determination. Beginning with the fur trade, the Royal Proclamation of 1763, settlement, the implementation of English colonial policies and finally the creation of the Canadian state and the Indian Act, all these historical occurrences led to the disempowerment of Aboriginal peoples within what today is Canada.2 This part of the paper describes how the state gradually - sometimes not so gradually - constricted the ability of First Nations to have any say or influence over social policies that shaped their lives. Indeed, Indian3 matters themselves becam...

British Journal of Social Work, 2021

This article reports on a quantitative study of how Canadian social work educators engage in soci... more This article reports on a quantitative study of how Canadian social work educators engage in social policy practice. The first part of the article contextualises social policy in Canada, explains how social policy has been incorporated into Canadian social work education and concludes by posing the research question. The second part presents the study’s findings of how and to what extent Canadian social work academics engage with social policy including its development, analysis and implementation. Thirty-one educators representing seventeen of Canada’s forty schools of social work responded to a standard questionnaire used in a collection of cross-national studies. The Canadian responses were analysed to determine (1) the level and type of engagement in policy including the perceived impact on social policy and (2) the institutional and individual factors associated with their engagement. Some comparisons are made with other countries studies. The third part of the article provides...

Histoire Sociale-social History, 2001

The continuing objective of state policy towards First Nations in Canada has been their assimilat... more The continuing objective of state policy towards First Nations in Canada has been their assimilation into the dominant society. Until World War II the strategy had been to subjugate them through transparently harsh statutory and administrative measures. After the war, a new ostensibly more humane approach to assimilation was introduced. An analysis of archival documents from the Canadian Department of Indian Affairs reveals the role of the social sciences in influencing this approach. Knowledge from the social sciences, applied to Indian policy, reflected the biases of modern liberalism. The social sciences pointed to the required direction of Indian adaptation — the market, individualism, self-reliance, and the family — and to what aspects of Indian culture had to change — collectivism, extended kinship, and gendered roles reflective of traditional rather than modern cultures. Although these state policies enjoyed wide public support, First Nations refused to be mere objects of sci...

Far from being a measure of progress or humanitarian aid, Indian welfare policy in Canada was use... more Far from being a measure of progress or humanitarian aid, Indian welfare policy in Canada was used deliberately to oppress and marginalize First Nations peoples and to foster their assimilation into the dominant society. 'Enough to Keep Them Alive' explores the history of the development and administration of social assistance policies on Indian reserves in Canada from confederation to the modern period, demonstrating a continuity of policy with roots in the pre-confederation practices of fur trading companies. Extensive archival evidence from the Indian Affairs record group at the National Archives of Canada is supplemented for the post-World War Two era by interviews with some of the key federal players. More than just an historical narrative, the book presents a critical analysis with a clear theoretical focus drawing on colonial and post-colonial theory, social theory, and critiques of liberalism and liberal democracy.

Abstract: Two remarkable conventions of First Nations chiefs and political leaders in Canada occu... more Abstract: Two remarkable conventions of First Nations chiefs and political leaders in Canada occurred in Ottawa during the final years of the Second World War. Ostensibly protesting military conscription and income taxation, the issues at the conventions went to the heart of their oppression: the denial of aboriginal rights, nationhood and self-determination. The essay critically reviews the context of Indian policy leading up to the conventions, the impact of the protest led by Jules Sioui and the continuing divergence of First Nations’ and state objectives concerning the future place of Indians in Canada. In conclusion, the essay discusses the idea of citizenship and the inclusion of indigenous peoples in states of European settler origins. Abstract: Deux assemblées d’importance réunissant des chefs des Premières nations et des dirigeants politiques Canadiens ont été tenues à Ottawa au cours des dernières années de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Prétendument avancées pour protester c...

The Settlement House Movement Revisited

Inspired by Oxford University’s Christian social reform clubs in the early 20 th century, Basil H... more Inspired by Oxford University’s Christian social reform clubs in the early 20 th century, Basil Henriques a young Jewish gentleman from a distinguished, upper middle-class family in London determined to establish a Jewish boys’ club in London’s East End. Influenced first by his mother’s devotion to Judaism and then by the progressive views of Jewish scholar, Claude Montefiore and his Oxford history professor, Kenneth Leys, Henriques established the Oxford and St.George’s Jewish Boys’ Club in 1914. An anti-Zionist, Henriques believed strongly in establishing a club that would socialize Jewish youth to become both proud Jews and proud citizens of Great Britain. The club soon served both boys and girls and, by 1919, it had acquired larger premises and become a settlement. Changing demographics in London’s Whitechapel and the rise of the welfare state eventually led to the settlements’ relocation in 1973 and then to its eventual demise.

The Journal of Interdisciplinary History

Human Welfare, Rights, and Social Activism, 2010

Histoire Sociale Social History, May 1, 2001

Chupik-Hall observes that social adjustment for First Nations peoples meant their adoption of non... more Chupik-Hall observes that social adjustment for First Nations peoples meant their adoption of non-indigenous cultural patterns: "This was the all too familiar theme in post-Second World War social science discourse on Aboriginal people."