Stuart J E Baird | Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (original) (raw)
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Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is an enveloped dsDNA virus (family Herpesviridae) which is normall... more Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is an enveloped dsDNA virus (family Herpesviridae) which is normally used to model human cytomegalovirus infection. The host species of MCMV is the house mouse in which the virus produces persistent asymptomatic or latent infections. Two taxa of house mice, Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus domesticus meet and hybridize along a 2500 km long front streching from Scandinavia to the Black Sea. At this front the taxa form a narrow hybrid zone, a tension zone species barrier. A preliminary study across a transect in the Bavarian/Bohemian part of the house mouse hybrid zone (HMHZ) showed that each mouse taxon carried different MCMV strains. Therefore the HMHZ may serve as a suitable natural system for studying recombination between divergent viral strains, a potentially important natural evolutionary process allowing strains to overcome the host species barrier and to infect a new host taxon. House mouse tissues (especially saliva and salivary glands) were collected across the Bavarian/Bohemian region of the HMHZ to investigate the prevalence of MCMV and for subsequent isolation and genomic characterization of the different viral strains. Molecular screening of 155 saliva samples revealed a prevalence of 83%. A subset of positive individuals were then used for MCMV reactivation in vitro directly from salivary glands and part of the enriched samples were sequenced using the HiSeq 2500 next generation sequencing technology for to obtain the viral genome of MCMV from Mus musculus musculus, not yet available in public database. These data will serve as a basis to study MCMV genomic diversity and recombination in the HMHZ.
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Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is an enveloped dsDNA virus (family Herpesviridae) which is normall... more Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is an enveloped dsDNA virus (family Herpesviridae) which is normally used to model human cytomegalovirus infection. The host species of MCMV is the house mouse in which the virus produces persistent asymptomatic or latent infections. Two taxa of house mice, Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus domesticus meet and hybridize along a 2500 km long front streching from Scandinavia to the Black Sea. At this front the taxa form a narrow hybrid zone, a tension zone species barrier. A preliminary study across a transect in the Bavarian/Bohemian part of the house mouse hybrid zone (HMHZ) showed that each mouse taxon carried different MCMV strains. Therefore the HMHZ may serve as a suitable natural system for studying recombination between divergent viral strains, a potentially important natural evolutionary process allowing strains to overcome the host species barrier and to infect a new host taxon. House mouse tissues (especially saliva and salivary glands) were collected across the Bavarian/Bohemian region of the HMHZ to investigate the prevalence of MCMV and for subsequent isolation and genomic characterization of the different viral strains. Molecular screening of 155 saliva samples revealed a prevalence of 83%. A subset of positive individuals were then used for MCMV reactivation in vitro directly from salivary glands and part of the enriched samples were sequenced using the HiSeq 2500 next generation sequencing technology for to obtain the viral genome of MCMV from Mus musculus musculus, not yet available in public database. These data will serve as a basis to study MCMV genomic diversity and recombination in the HMHZ.
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Mammalian Biology
The Natal multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis) is the most widespread rodent species in sub-S... more The Natal multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis) is the most widespread rodent species in sub-Saharan Africa, often studied as an agricultural pest and reservoir of viruses. Its mitochondrial (Mt) phylogeny revealed six major lineages parapatrically distributed across open habitats of sub-Saharan Africa. In this study we used 1949 sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene to elaborate on distribution and evolutionary history of three Mt lineages inhabiting the open habitats of the Zambezian region (corresponding roughly to the African savannas south of the Equator). We describe in more detail contact zones between the lineages—their location and extent of co-occurrence within localities—and infer past population trends. The estimates are interpreted in the light of climatic niche models. The lineages underwent reduction in effective population size during the last glacial, but they spread widely after that: two of them after the last glacial maximum and the last one in mid-...
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bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Nov 14, 2021
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Virology, Apr 1, 2023
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Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Jan 18, 2022
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BMC Biology, Jul 25, 2007
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Trends in Ecology and Evolution, May 1, 2019
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Genetics, Aug 10, 2022
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Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Aug 1, 2017
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Genetics, 1999
There has recently been considerable debate over the relative importance of selection against hyb... more There has recently been considerable debate over the relative importance of selection against hybrids (“endogenous” selection) vs. adaptation to different environments (“exogenous”) in maintaining stable hybrid zones and hence in speciation. Single-locus models of endogenous and exogenous viability selection generate clines of similar shape, but the comparison has not been extended to multilocus systems, which are both quantitatively and qualitatively very different from the single-locus case. Here we develop an analytical multilocus model of differential adaptation across an environmental transition and compare it to previous heterozygote disadvantage models. We show that the shape of clines generated by exogenous selection is indistinguishable from that generated by endogenous selection. A stochastic simulation model is used to test the robustness of the analytical description to the effects of drift and strong selection, and confirms the prediction that pairwise linkage disequili...
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Hybrid zones that result from secondary contact between diverged populations offer unparalleled i... more Hybrid zones that result from secondary contact between diverged populations offer unparalleled insight into the genetic architecture of emerging reproductive barriers and so shed light on the process of speciation. Natural selection and recombination jointly determine their dynamics, leading to a range of outcomes from finely fragmented mixtures of the parental genomes that facilitate introgression to a situation where strong selection against recombinants retains large unrecombined genomic blocks that act as strong barriers to gene flow. In the hybrid zone between the fire-bellied toadsBombina bombinaandB. variegata(Anura: Bombinatoridae), two anciently diverged and ecologically distinct taxa meet and produce abundant, fertile hybrids. The dense linkage map presented here enables genomic analysis of the selection-recombination balance that keeps the two gene pools from merging into one. We mapped 4,775 newly developed marker loci from bait-enriched genomic libraries in F2 crosses....
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Evolution
A remarkable gene copy number (CN) arms race system has recently been described in laboratory mic... more A remarkable gene copy number (CN) arms race system has recently been described in laboratory mice, where Slx;Slxl1 and Sly genes compete over transmission by altering the fertilization success of X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm, respectively. Here, we focus on this system in nature, where natural selection can counter CN/gene product escalation. Our model is house mouse subspecies hybridizing in Europe. In some regions, Y chromosomes of the Eastern subspecies have introgressed onto Western genomic backgrounds, accompanied by sex ratio distortion in favor of males, consistent with the inbred lines suggested mechanism: Overabundance of SLY protein expressed by invading Y chromosomes. We take Slx as representative of the X side of this arms race and measure Slx|Sly CN and expression across an “Invasion” transect where Ys introgress and a “Control” transect with negligible introgression. Since we found similar Slx|Sly ratios in both transects, SLY overabundance is unlikely to explain ...
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Hybrid zones have long been described as “windows on the evolutionary process”, and studying them... more Hybrid zones have long been described as “windows on the evolutionary process”, and studying them has become even more important since the advance in the genome analysis tools. The hybrid zone between two subspecies of the house mouse (Mus musculus musculusandMus m. domesticus) is a unique model speciation system to study fine scale interactions of recently diverged genomes. Here, we explore the role of gene Copy Number Variation in shaping the barrier to introgression in the hybrid zone within a previously established transect in Central Europe. The CNV of seven pre-selected candidate genes was determined via droplet-digital PCR and analyzed in the context of ~500k SNPs, with the ancestral population (i.e.musculusordomesticus) of every SNP allele previously inferred in the admixed individuals (Baird et al.,in prep.). The copy numbers of five genes were clearly associated with the prevalence of eithermusculusordomesticusgenomes across the hybrid zone. In three cases, the highest and...
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Frequencies of M. m. musculus alleles for each locus and sampling site. Distance along the transe... more Frequencies of M. m. musculus alleles for each locus and sampling site. Distance along the transect and effective number of alleles (Ne) are also given. h = hybrid index expressed as the frequency of musculus alleles averaged across the six diagnostic allozyme loci
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Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is an enveloped dsDNA virus (family Herpesviridae) which is normall... more Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is an enveloped dsDNA virus (family Herpesviridae) which is normally used to model human cytomegalovirus infection. The host species of MCMV is the house mouse in which the virus produces persistent asymptomatic or latent infections. Two taxa of house mice, Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus domesticus meet and hybridize along a 2500 km long front streching from Scandinavia to the Black Sea. At this front the taxa form a narrow hybrid zone, a tension zone species barrier. A preliminary study across a transect in the Bavarian/Bohemian part of the house mouse hybrid zone (HMHZ) showed that each mouse taxon carried different MCMV strains. Therefore the HMHZ may serve as a suitable natural system for studying recombination between divergent viral strains, a potentially important natural evolutionary process allowing strains to overcome the host species barrier and to infect a new host taxon. House mouse tissues (especially saliva and salivary glands) were collected across the Bavarian/Bohemian region of the HMHZ to investigate the prevalence of MCMV and for subsequent isolation and genomic characterization of the different viral strains. Molecular screening of 155 saliva samples revealed a prevalence of 83%. A subset of positive individuals were then used for MCMV reactivation in vitro directly from salivary glands and part of the enriched samples were sequenced using the HiSeq 2500 next generation sequencing technology for to obtain the viral genome of MCMV from Mus musculus musculus, not yet available in public database. These data will serve as a basis to study MCMV genomic diversity and recombination in the HMHZ.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is an enveloped dsDNA virus (family Herpesviridae) which is normall... more Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is an enveloped dsDNA virus (family Herpesviridae) which is normally used to model human cytomegalovirus infection. The host species of MCMV is the house mouse in which the virus produces persistent asymptomatic or latent infections. Two taxa of house mice, Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus domesticus meet and hybridize along a 2500 km long front streching from Scandinavia to the Black Sea. At this front the taxa form a narrow hybrid zone, a tension zone species barrier. A preliminary study across a transect in the Bavarian/Bohemian part of the house mouse hybrid zone (HMHZ) showed that each mouse taxon carried different MCMV strains. Therefore the HMHZ may serve as a suitable natural system for studying recombination between divergent viral strains, a potentially important natural evolutionary process allowing strains to overcome the host species barrier and to infect a new host taxon. House mouse tissues (especially saliva and salivary glands) were collected across the Bavarian/Bohemian region of the HMHZ to investigate the prevalence of MCMV and for subsequent isolation and genomic characterization of the different viral strains. Molecular screening of 155 saliva samples revealed a prevalence of 83%. A subset of positive individuals were then used for MCMV reactivation in vitro directly from salivary glands and part of the enriched samples were sequenced using the HiSeq 2500 next generation sequencing technology for to obtain the viral genome of MCMV from Mus musculus musculus, not yet available in public database. These data will serve as a basis to study MCMV genomic diversity and recombination in the HMHZ.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Mammalian Biology
The Natal multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis) is the most widespread rodent species in sub-S... more The Natal multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis) is the most widespread rodent species in sub-Saharan Africa, often studied as an agricultural pest and reservoir of viruses. Its mitochondrial (Mt) phylogeny revealed six major lineages parapatrically distributed across open habitats of sub-Saharan Africa. In this study we used 1949 sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene to elaborate on distribution and evolutionary history of three Mt lineages inhabiting the open habitats of the Zambezian region (corresponding roughly to the African savannas south of the Equator). We describe in more detail contact zones between the lineages—their location and extent of co-occurrence within localities—and infer past population trends. The estimates are interpreted in the light of climatic niche models. The lineages underwent reduction in effective population size during the last glacial, but they spread widely after that: two of them after the last glacial maximum and the last one in mid-...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Nov 14, 2021
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Virology, Apr 1, 2023
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Jan 18, 2022
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
BMC Biology, Jul 25, 2007
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Trends in Ecology and Evolution, May 1, 2019
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Genetics, Aug 10, 2022
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Aug 1, 2017
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Genetics, 1999
There has recently been considerable debate over the relative importance of selection against hyb... more There has recently been considerable debate over the relative importance of selection against hybrids (“endogenous” selection) vs. adaptation to different environments (“exogenous”) in maintaining stable hybrid zones and hence in speciation. Single-locus models of endogenous and exogenous viability selection generate clines of similar shape, but the comparison has not been extended to multilocus systems, which are both quantitatively and qualitatively very different from the single-locus case. Here we develop an analytical multilocus model of differential adaptation across an environmental transition and compare it to previous heterozygote disadvantage models. We show that the shape of clines generated by exogenous selection is indistinguishable from that generated by endogenous selection. A stochastic simulation model is used to test the robustness of the analytical description to the effects of drift and strong selection, and confirms the prediction that pairwise linkage disequili...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Hybrid zones that result from secondary contact between diverged populations offer unparalleled i... more Hybrid zones that result from secondary contact between diverged populations offer unparalleled insight into the genetic architecture of emerging reproductive barriers and so shed light on the process of speciation. Natural selection and recombination jointly determine their dynamics, leading to a range of outcomes from finely fragmented mixtures of the parental genomes that facilitate introgression to a situation where strong selection against recombinants retains large unrecombined genomic blocks that act as strong barriers to gene flow. In the hybrid zone between the fire-bellied toadsBombina bombinaandB. variegata(Anura: Bombinatoridae), two anciently diverged and ecologically distinct taxa meet and produce abundant, fertile hybrids. The dense linkage map presented here enables genomic analysis of the selection-recombination balance that keeps the two gene pools from merging into one. We mapped 4,775 newly developed marker loci from bait-enriched genomic libraries in F2 crosses....
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Evolution
A remarkable gene copy number (CN) arms race system has recently been described in laboratory mic... more A remarkable gene copy number (CN) arms race system has recently been described in laboratory mice, where Slx;Slxl1 and Sly genes compete over transmission by altering the fertilization success of X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm, respectively. Here, we focus on this system in nature, where natural selection can counter CN/gene product escalation. Our model is house mouse subspecies hybridizing in Europe. In some regions, Y chromosomes of the Eastern subspecies have introgressed onto Western genomic backgrounds, accompanied by sex ratio distortion in favor of males, consistent with the inbred lines suggested mechanism: Overabundance of SLY protein expressed by invading Y chromosomes. We take Slx as representative of the X side of this arms race and measure Slx|Sly CN and expression across an “Invasion” transect where Ys introgress and a “Control” transect with negligible introgression. Since we found similar Slx|Sly ratios in both transects, SLY overabundance is unlikely to explain ...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Hybrid zones have long been described as “windows on the evolutionary process”, and studying them... more Hybrid zones have long been described as “windows on the evolutionary process”, and studying them has become even more important since the advance in the genome analysis tools. The hybrid zone between two subspecies of the house mouse (Mus musculus musculusandMus m. domesticus) is a unique model speciation system to study fine scale interactions of recently diverged genomes. Here, we explore the role of gene Copy Number Variation in shaping the barrier to introgression in the hybrid zone within a previously established transect in Central Europe. The CNV of seven pre-selected candidate genes was determined via droplet-digital PCR and analyzed in the context of ~500k SNPs, with the ancestral population (i.e.musculusordomesticus) of every SNP allele previously inferred in the admixed individuals (Baird et al.,in prep.). The copy numbers of five genes were clearly associated with the prevalence of eithermusculusordomesticusgenomes across the hybrid zone. In three cases, the highest and...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Frequencies of M. m. musculus alleles for each locus and sampling site. Distance along the transe... more Frequencies of M. m. musculus alleles for each locus and sampling site. Distance along the transect and effective number of alleles (Ne) are also given. h = hybrid index expressed as the frequency of musculus alleles averaged across the six diagnostic allozyme loci
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