Prabhakar rajiah | Case Western Reserve University (original) (raw)
Papers by Prabhakar rajiah
Clinical radiology, 2014
Pulmonary valve disease constitutes a wide spectrum of conditions. Traditionally, echocardiograph... more Pulmonary valve disease constitutes a wide spectrum of conditions. Traditionally, echocardiography has been the technique of choice for the evaluation of pulmonary and other valvular disease. However, with advances in technology, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are playing increasingly important roles in the evaluation of these disorders. In this article, we review the normal appearance of the pulmonary valve and then illustrate various variants and pathological entities of the pulmonary valve.
Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays an important role in evaluation of various aspects of myoca... more Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays an important role in evaluation of various aspects of myocardial infarction (MI). MR imaging is useful in establishing the diagnosis of acute MI, particularly in patients who present with symptoms of MI but outside the diagnostic time frame of altered cardiac enzyme levels or with clinical features of acute MI but without an angiographic culprit lesion. MR imaging is valuable in establishing a diagnosis of chronic MI and distinguishing this condition from nonischemic cardiomyopathies, mainly through use of delayed-enhancement patterns. MR imaging also provides clinicians with several prognostic indicators that enable risk stratification, such as scar burden, microvascular obstruction, hemorrhage, and peri-infarct ischemia. The extent and transmurality of scar burden have been shown to have independent and incremental prognostic power over a range of left ventricular function. The extent of scarring at MR imaging is an important predictor of successful outcome after revascularization procedures, and extensive scarring in the lateral wall indicates poor outcome after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Scar size at MR imaging is also a useful surrogate end point in clinical trials. Finally, MR imaging can be used to detect complications of MI, such as aneurysms, pericarditis, ventricular septal defect, thrombus, and mitral regurgitation. Supplemental material available at http://radiographics.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.335125722/-/DC1.
Insights into imaging, 2013
Advances in our knowledge of cardiovascular disorders coupled with technological innovations have... more Advances in our knowledge of cardiovascular disorders coupled with technological innovations have enabled the increased use of minimally invasive cardiovascular surgeries and transcatheter interventions, with resultant reduced morbidity and hospital stay. Three-dimensional imaging, particularly computed tomography (CT) is increasingly used for patient selection, providing a roadmap of the anatomy and identifying factors that may complicate these procedures. Advantages of CT are the rapid turnaround time, good spatial and temporal resolutions, wide field of view and three-dimensional multi-planar reconstruction capabilities. This pictorial review describes the role of CT in the pre-operative evaluation of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgeries and intervention. Main Messages • CT scan is valuable in pre-operative evaluation for cardiac surgeries • Cardiovascular structures, including bypass grafts should be located >10 mm from the sternum in patients for reoperative cardiothoracic surgeries • Knowledge of variations in pulmonary venous anatomy are essential for planning radiofrequency ablation
Annals of thoracic medicine, 2013
Thoracic sarcoidosis is a common disease, with well-described and recognizable radiographic featu... more Thoracic sarcoidosis is a common disease, with well-described and recognizable radiographic features. Nevertheless, most physicians are not familiar with the rare atypical often-confusing manifestations of thoracic sarcoid. Although these findings have been previously reviewed, but more recent advances in imaging and laboratory science, need to be incorporated. We present a review of literature and illustrate the review with unpublished data, intended to provide a more recent single comprehensive reference to assist with the diagnosis when atypical radiographic findings of thoracic sarcoidosis are encountered. Thoracic involvement accounts for most of morbidity and mortality associated with sarcoidosis. An accurate timely identification is required to minimize morbidity and mortality. It is essential to recognize atypical imaging findings and relate these to clinical manifestations and histology.
Journal of thoracic imaging, 2013
Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc, 2013
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has emerged as an important tool in the diagno... more Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has emerged as an important tool in the diagnostic work-up of patients with bowel cancer and inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. It functions on the basis of the microscopic motion of water molecules in a cellular environment and provides functional information about the water in body tissues. Diffusion-weighted imaging serves to complement conventional MR imaging, and its use may improve the accuracy of tumor detection and staging. It does not rely on the use of intravenous contrast material and may be performed in patients with renal impairment. Because it provides quantitative information about tissue cellularity, diffusion-weighted imaging may be used to distinguish between tissues with altered cellularity (eg, tumors and metastases) and normal tissues. Data from diffusion-weighted MR images enable the calculation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, which provide useful information about response to treatment. Malignant gastrointestinal tract tumors have low ADC values, which increase after successful therapy. Diffusion-weighted imaging also plays a role in the evaluation of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and may help assess inflammation and complications, such as abscesses and fistulas. Quantitative measurements of signal intensity at diffusion-weighted imaging may help differentiate actively inflamed bowel from normal bowel, and ADC values provide useful information about disease activity and response to treatment.
The Indian journal of radiology & imaging, 2012
Congestive cardiac failure is the end-result of various cardiac disorders, and is a major contrib... more Congestive cardiac failure is the end-result of various cardiac disorders, and is a major contributor to morbidity, mortality, and financial burden throughout the world. Due to advances in the knowledge of the disease and scanner technology, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is playing an increasingly important role in the evaluation of cardiac failure, including in establishing diagnosis, problem solving, risk stratification, and monitoring of therapy. This review discusses and illustrates the role of MRI in the assessment of congestive cardiac failure.
... Therapy Tamar Polonsky, MD, Fellow, Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of... more ... Therapy Tamar Polonsky, MD, Fellow, Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois Advanced Risk Assessment in Patients with Kidney and Inflammatory Diseases Prabhakar Rajiah, MBBS, MD ...
Excellent revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, comp... more Excellent revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, companion for self-assessment, useful for senior radiologists who wish to update their knowledge, useful combination of information and revision resource.
Useful revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, compani... more Useful revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, companion for self-assessment, useful for senior radiologists who wish to update their knowledge, Ideal combination of information and revision resource.
Excellent revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, comp... more Excellent revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, companion for self-assessment, useful for senior radiologists who wish to update their knowledge, ideal combination of information and revision resource.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2009
... Aortic Stiffness Is Increased in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Myocardial Fibrosis: Novel ... more ... Aortic Stiffness Is Increased in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Myocardial Fibrosis: Novel Insights in Vascular Function From Magnetic Resonance Imaging Thananya Boonyasirinant,Prabhakar Rajiah, Randolph M. Setser, Michael L. Lieber, Harry M. Lever, Milind Y. Desai ...
Excellent revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, comp... more Excellent revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, companion for self-assessment, useful for senior radiologists who wish to update their knowledge, useful combination of information and revision resource.
Excellent revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, comp... more Excellent revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, companion for self-assessment, useful for senior radiologists who wish to update their knowledge, ideal combination of information and revision resource.
We describe a rare case of a double-chambered left ventricle caused by a fibroelastotic membrane ... more We describe a rare case of a double-chambered left ventricle caused by a fibroelastotic membrane that was clearly delineated using echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging, which resulted in successful surgical correction.
Excellent revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, comp... more Excellent revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, companion for self-assessment, useful for senior radiologists who wish to update their knowledge, useful combination of information and revision resource.
Clinical radiology, 2014
Pulmonary valve disease constitutes a wide spectrum of conditions. Traditionally, echocardiograph... more Pulmonary valve disease constitutes a wide spectrum of conditions. Traditionally, echocardiography has been the technique of choice for the evaluation of pulmonary and other valvular disease. However, with advances in technology, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are playing increasingly important roles in the evaluation of these disorders. In this article, we review the normal appearance of the pulmonary valve and then illustrate various variants and pathological entities of the pulmonary valve.
Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays an important role in evaluation of various aspects of myoca... more Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays an important role in evaluation of various aspects of myocardial infarction (MI). MR imaging is useful in establishing the diagnosis of acute MI, particularly in patients who present with symptoms of MI but outside the diagnostic time frame of altered cardiac enzyme levels or with clinical features of acute MI but without an angiographic culprit lesion. MR imaging is valuable in establishing a diagnosis of chronic MI and distinguishing this condition from nonischemic cardiomyopathies, mainly through use of delayed-enhancement patterns. MR imaging also provides clinicians with several prognostic indicators that enable risk stratification, such as scar burden, microvascular obstruction, hemorrhage, and peri-infarct ischemia. The extent and transmurality of scar burden have been shown to have independent and incremental prognostic power over a range of left ventricular function. The extent of scarring at MR imaging is an important predictor of successful outcome after revascularization procedures, and extensive scarring in the lateral wall indicates poor outcome after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Scar size at MR imaging is also a useful surrogate end point in clinical trials. Finally, MR imaging can be used to detect complications of MI, such as aneurysms, pericarditis, ventricular septal defect, thrombus, and mitral regurgitation. Supplemental material available at http://radiographics.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.335125722/-/DC1.
Insights into imaging, 2013
Advances in our knowledge of cardiovascular disorders coupled with technological innovations have... more Advances in our knowledge of cardiovascular disorders coupled with technological innovations have enabled the increased use of minimally invasive cardiovascular surgeries and transcatheter interventions, with resultant reduced morbidity and hospital stay. Three-dimensional imaging, particularly computed tomography (CT) is increasingly used for patient selection, providing a roadmap of the anatomy and identifying factors that may complicate these procedures. Advantages of CT are the rapid turnaround time, good spatial and temporal resolutions, wide field of view and three-dimensional multi-planar reconstruction capabilities. This pictorial review describes the role of CT in the pre-operative evaluation of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgeries and intervention. Main Messages • CT scan is valuable in pre-operative evaluation for cardiac surgeries • Cardiovascular structures, including bypass grafts should be located >10 mm from the sternum in patients for reoperative cardiothoracic surgeries • Knowledge of variations in pulmonary venous anatomy are essential for planning radiofrequency ablation
Annals of thoracic medicine, 2013
Thoracic sarcoidosis is a common disease, with well-described and recognizable radiographic featu... more Thoracic sarcoidosis is a common disease, with well-described and recognizable radiographic features. Nevertheless, most physicians are not familiar with the rare atypical often-confusing manifestations of thoracic sarcoid. Although these findings have been previously reviewed, but more recent advances in imaging and laboratory science, need to be incorporated. We present a review of literature and illustrate the review with unpublished data, intended to provide a more recent single comprehensive reference to assist with the diagnosis when atypical radiographic findings of thoracic sarcoidosis are encountered. Thoracic involvement accounts for most of morbidity and mortality associated with sarcoidosis. An accurate timely identification is required to minimize morbidity and mortality. It is essential to recognize atypical imaging findings and relate these to clinical manifestations and histology.
Journal of thoracic imaging, 2013
Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc, 2013
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has emerged as an important tool in the diagno... more Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has emerged as an important tool in the diagnostic work-up of patients with bowel cancer and inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. It functions on the basis of the microscopic motion of water molecules in a cellular environment and provides functional information about the water in body tissues. Diffusion-weighted imaging serves to complement conventional MR imaging, and its use may improve the accuracy of tumor detection and staging. It does not rely on the use of intravenous contrast material and may be performed in patients with renal impairment. Because it provides quantitative information about tissue cellularity, diffusion-weighted imaging may be used to distinguish between tissues with altered cellularity (eg, tumors and metastases) and normal tissues. Data from diffusion-weighted MR images enable the calculation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, which provide useful information about response to treatment. Malignant gastrointestinal tract tumors have low ADC values, which increase after successful therapy. Diffusion-weighted imaging also plays a role in the evaluation of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and may help assess inflammation and complications, such as abscesses and fistulas. Quantitative measurements of signal intensity at diffusion-weighted imaging may help differentiate actively inflamed bowel from normal bowel, and ADC values provide useful information about disease activity and response to treatment.
The Indian journal of radiology & imaging, 2012
Congestive cardiac failure is the end-result of various cardiac disorders, and is a major contrib... more Congestive cardiac failure is the end-result of various cardiac disorders, and is a major contributor to morbidity, mortality, and financial burden throughout the world. Due to advances in the knowledge of the disease and scanner technology, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is playing an increasingly important role in the evaluation of cardiac failure, including in establishing diagnosis, problem solving, risk stratification, and monitoring of therapy. This review discusses and illustrates the role of MRI in the assessment of congestive cardiac failure.
... Therapy Tamar Polonsky, MD, Fellow, Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of... more ... Therapy Tamar Polonsky, MD, Fellow, Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois Advanced Risk Assessment in Patients with Kidney and Inflammatory Diseases Prabhakar Rajiah, MBBS, MD ...
Excellent revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, comp... more Excellent revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, companion for self-assessment, useful for senior radiologists who wish to update their knowledge, useful combination of information and revision resource.
Useful revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, compani... more Useful revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, companion for self-assessment, useful for senior radiologists who wish to update their knowledge, Ideal combination of information and revision resource.
Excellent revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, comp... more Excellent revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, companion for self-assessment, useful for senior radiologists who wish to update their knowledge, ideal combination of information and revision resource.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2009
... Aortic Stiffness Is Increased in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Myocardial Fibrosis: Novel ... more ... Aortic Stiffness Is Increased in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Myocardial Fibrosis: Novel Insights in Vascular Function From Magnetic Resonance Imaging Thananya Boonyasirinant,Prabhakar Rajiah, Randolph M. Setser, Michael L. Lieber, Harry M. Lever, Milind Y. Desai ...
Excellent revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, comp... more Excellent revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, companion for self-assessment, useful for senior radiologists who wish to update their knowledge, useful combination of information and revision resource.
Excellent revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, comp... more Excellent revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, companion for self-assessment, useful for senior radiologists who wish to update their knowledge, ideal combination of information and revision resource.
We describe a rare case of a double-chambered left ventricle caused by a fibroelastotic membrane ... more We describe a rare case of a double-chambered left ventricle caused by a fibroelastotic membrane that was clearly delineated using echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging, which resulted in successful surgical correction.
Excellent revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, comp... more Excellent revision aid, suited to RCR exam format, one of six radiology FRCR question banks, companion for self-assessment, useful for senior radiologists who wish to update their knowledge, useful combination of information and revision resource.