Junchi Ma | Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (original) (raw)
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Papers by Junchi Ma
The China-Europe International Railway connecting Europe and Asia is one of the important plans o... more The China-Europe International Railway connecting Europe and Asia is one of the important plans of the Belt and Road Initiative (hereinafter: BRI). During the plan and construction of these railways, many challenges and opportunities occurred, also leading to a learning process of China and its partners. This article argues that while creating a well-connected China-Europe International Railway, China needs to definite countries for vital supporting and countries (cities) for connections. At the same time, China should make full use of multi-layer approach in its international co-operations, initiate a more mature way of investment overseas and improve the allocation of resources.
2016 is an important year for 16+1. Chinese president Xi's visits and the Riga summit makes 16+1 ... more 2016 is an important year for 16+1. Chinese president Xi's visits and the Riga summit makes 16+1 enriched. The bilateral cooperation between China and CEE countries is mixed with the Belt and Road initiative by defining some countries' role in it and the multilateral cooperation serve for more goals in this initiative. Besides, the Baltic countries become more active than before. Along with these, the link between 16+1 and the Belt and Road is clearer. Based on these features, two directions can be identified in the future, one is the combination of bilateralism and multilateralism under the Belt and Road, and one is of the 16+1 and the Belt and Road.
As the two cores of EU, Germany and France show diverse concerns towards Central and Eastern Euro... more As the two cores of EU, Germany and France show diverse concerns towards Central and Eastern European countries. To be specific, considering the reactions of two countries to the EU enlargement and the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, France acts in a cautious and conservative way towards all three sub-regions (Central European countries, Baltic countries and Southeastern European countries) in CEEC with the focus on reforms of these countries and risks of cooperation. Germany, on the other hand, proceeds from a regional perspective, aiming to promote the integration of three sub-regions in order to support its own development. Moreover, China can learn from Germany and France in terms of trade, investment, middle and long-term cooperation. Meanwhile, China should properly handle its relationship with these Central and Eastern European stakeholders.
This article focuses on the perceptions of the Chinese and its partners on the Belt and Road Init... more This article focuses on the perceptions of the Chinese and its partners on the Belt and Road Initiative. The author summarizes the existing foreign opinions about the initiative, one " inequality " of the market, three goals that China wants to achieve and two ways in which China wants to create domestic stability. In fact, the difference between foreign and Chinese perceptions is based on the relative national condition of the two sides, the perception of great powers, and the combination of domestic needs and foreign policy. Finally, the author points out that there are three paradoxes which exist in the differences between China and its partners, which is the biggest challenge of the Belt and Road Initiative.
The China-Europe International Railway connecting Europe and Asia is one of the important plans o... more The China-Europe International Railway connecting Europe and Asia is one of the important plans of the Belt and Road Initiative (hereinafter: BRI). During the plan and construction of these railways, many challenges and opportunities occurred, also leading to a learning process of China and its partners. This article argues that while creating a well-connected China-Europe International Railway, China needs to definite countries for vital supporting and countries (cities) for connections. At the same time, China should make full use of multi-layer approach in its international co-operations, initiate a more mature way of investment overseas and improve the allocation of resources.
2016 is an important year for 16+1. Chinese president Xi's visits and the Riga summit makes 16+1 ... more 2016 is an important year for 16+1. Chinese president Xi's visits and the Riga summit makes 16+1 enriched. The bilateral cooperation between China and CEE countries is mixed with the Belt and Road initiative by defining some countries' role in it and the multilateral cooperation serve for more goals in this initiative. Besides, the Baltic countries become more active than before. Along with these, the link between 16+1 and the Belt and Road is clearer. Based on these features, two directions can be identified in the future, one is the combination of bilateralism and multilateralism under the Belt and Road, and one is of the 16+1 and the Belt and Road.
As the two cores of EU, Germany and France show diverse concerns towards Central and Eastern Euro... more As the two cores of EU, Germany and France show diverse concerns towards Central and Eastern European countries. To be specific, considering the reactions of two countries to the EU enlargement and the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, France acts in a cautious and conservative way towards all three sub-regions (Central European countries, Baltic countries and Southeastern European countries) in CEEC with the focus on reforms of these countries and risks of cooperation. Germany, on the other hand, proceeds from a regional perspective, aiming to promote the integration of three sub-regions in order to support its own development. Moreover, China can learn from Germany and France in terms of trade, investment, middle and long-term cooperation. Meanwhile, China should properly handle its relationship with these Central and Eastern European stakeholders.
This article focuses on the perceptions of the Chinese and its partners on the Belt and Road Init... more This article focuses on the perceptions of the Chinese and its partners on the Belt and Road Initiative. The author summarizes the existing foreign opinions about the initiative, one " inequality " of the market, three goals that China wants to achieve and two ways in which China wants to create domestic stability. In fact, the difference between foreign and Chinese perceptions is based on the relative national condition of the two sides, the perception of great powers, and the combination of domestic needs and foreign policy. Finally, the author points out that there are three paradoxes which exist in the differences between China and its partners, which is the biggest challenge of the Belt and Road Initiative.