Kai Hockerts | Copenhagen Business School, CBS (original) (raw)
Books by Kai Hockerts
A thorough investigation of the four essential parts of the social entrepreneurship process. Thes... more A thorough investigation of the four essential parts of the social entrepreneurship process. These are: the role of values in social entrepreneurship; the discovery and exploitation of social opportunities; the modelling of the social venturing process; and strategic perspectives in social entrepreneurship. Such a focus allows the debate about social entrepreneurship to move beyond the general discussion about definitions, emerging general theories and first empirical insights. Instead it singles out here four phenomena that are considered to be both insufficiently researched and critical to the understanding of social entrepreneurship.
Social Entrepreneurship has become a global phenomenon that impacts the lives of citizens by usin... more Social Entrepreneurship has become a global phenomenon that impacts the lives of citizens by using innovative approaches to solving social problems. This book offers an in-depth and comprehensive discussion of this vibrant area of research and broadens the up until now limited understanding of the theoretical foundations of this phenomenon. Social entrepreneurs use business and entrepreneurial skills to address issues such as poverty, education, environmental protection or health. They achieve this through for-profit, not-for-profit and a number of hybrid organizational forms.
Academic interest has generally focused on practitioner achievements and teaching in MBA electives yet new avenues of research provide insights into some of the fundamental questions about the field: how social entrepreneurs identify and evaluate opportunities, social and institutional barriers to markets, strategic orientation, resource deployment and innovation. The rigorous academic analyses in this book provide an excellent introduction to social entrepreneurship theory and a framework for future research.
Papers by Kai Hockerts
This article is interested in people excluded from traditional markets as employees, producers, o... more This article is interested in people excluded from traditional markets as employees, producers, or consumers. Traditionally they are believed to lack skills required by the market. This article describes the processes through which these perceived liabilities can be overcome by so called hybrid organizations. Hybrids pursue explicit social missions through business-inspired earned-income strategies, with the express goal of creating market disequilibria. The paper demonstrates the challenges hybrids face and outlines how to overcome them by identifying hidden complementarities, by creating new ones, by eliminating the need for complementarities, by creating demand for antagonistic assets, or by using partnerships.
The socially responsible investing (SRI) movement has been following the aim of creating lasting ... more The socially responsible investing (SRI) movement has been following the aim of creating lasting institutional change by infusing the investment sector with new norms and values. Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) rating agencies have emerged in response to the needs of SRI actors for reliable data on the social performance of firms. Since 2005, the industry of ESG ratings has witnessed a number of national and cross-border consolidations. Based on a set of 37 interviews and secondary data, the paper explores the driving forces behind this consolidation as well as its impact. Our focus is on four ESG rating agencies based in the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Switzerland. We conclude that in effect consolidation has at least partially resulted in institutional retrogression whereby the traditional norms and values have reaffirmed their primacy thereby somewhat negating the institutional change sought-after by the SRI movement.
Academy of Management Proceedings, 2013
Academy of Management Proceedings, 2015
This paper 1 develops and validates measures of four constructs that have often been identified a... more This paper 1 develops and validates measures of four constructs that have often been identified as antecedents of social entrepreneurial behavior: empathy with marginalized people, a feeling of moral obligation to help these, a high level of self-efficacy concerning the ability to effect social change, and perceived availability of social support. Nomological validity is demonstrated by showing that as specified by Mair and Noboa (2006) empathy and moral obligation are positively associated with perceived desirability and self-efficacy and social support with perceived feasibility of starting a social venture. The Social Entrepreneurial Antecedents Scale (SEAS) provides a basis for future research into the effectiveness of social entrepreneurship education, allowing us to study how different educational interventions impact the four SEAS constructs.
This paper tests the model proposed by who identify four antecedents which they suggest predict s... more This paper tests the model proposed by who identify four antecedents which they suggest predict social entrepreneurial intentions. The study extends the model by including prior experience with social problems as an additional variable. Findings show that prior experience predicts social entrepreneurial intentions. This effect is mediated by the antecedents suggested by Mair and Noboa. Social entrepreneurial self-efficacy has both the largest impact on intentions as well as being itself most responsive to prior experience. Lastly, the study shows that the amount of optional social entrepreneurship electives students enroll in is predicted by social entrepreneurial intentions.
Greener Marketing: A Global Perspective on Greening Marketing Practice, 1999
Sign up to the Greenleaf Newsletter to receive special offers and new title alerts. ... Enter you... more Sign up to the Greenleaf Newsletter to receive special offers and new title alerts. ... Enter your email address in the box below. ... Please note these are approximate times and do not allow for weekends and public holidays. ... If you have purchased a digital product (eg an article in PDF format), you can retrieve it by visiting “My account” and finding the link in the “DOWNLOADS” section. The link will be available for 7 days after the day of purchase. ... If you have any questions about your order, please email Jayney Bown at sales@greenleaf- ...
Von den Anfängen des Umweltmanagements bis in die frühen 90er Jahre hat die Aufmerk- samkeit sowo... more Von den Anfängen des Umweltmanagements bis in die frühen 90er Jahre hat die Aufmerk- samkeit sowohl der Forschung als auch der Praxis im wesentlichen auf der ökologischen Dimension gelegen. Instrumente wie Öko-Bilanzen, Umweltmanagementsysteme dienten vornehmlich der Verringerung von Umwelteinwirkungen durch die Unternehmung. Somit wurden mit ihnen aus Unternehmenssicht oftmals "zusätzliche" Kosten assoziiert. Entsprechende Aktivitäten wurden nicht aus Eigeninteresse sondern auf
SAE Technical Paper Series, 1998
Measuring Business Excellence, 2008
Purpose–The purpose of this one-company case study is to investigate the possible use of causal m... more Purpose–The purpose of this one-company case study is to investigate the possible use of causal maps in the performance management and measurement of corporate social responsibility (CSR) related intangibles. Design/methodology/approach–In order to test the suitability of the chosen model, a combined research approach was selected. The combination of inductive and deductive approaches resulted in the most advantageous in order to test the research hypotheses. The pharmaceutical industry was targeted as a ...
International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, 2011
This paper uses a longitudinal case study to investigate the possible use of causal maps in the p... more This paper uses a longitudinal case study to investigate the possible use of causal maps in the process of performance management and measurement of corporate social responsibility's (CSR) related intangibles. An inductive theory building methodology (Glaser and Srauss, 1967; Eisenhardt, 1989; Van de Ven, 1992) is adopted taking an open-ended fieldwork approach towards the research question. In choosing our case study, the pharmaceutical industry was targeted as notable for relevant CSR investment; within the ...
Business Strategy and the Environment, 2010
Abstract Sustainability innovation research often focuses on the interrelation and the interactio... more Abstract Sustainability innovation research often focuses on the interrelation and the interaction of influencing factors and actors while neglecting the importance of firm internal initiatives. Based on a longitudinal case study of the Dutch company Royal Philips Electronics, we develop the concept of 'green flagging'as a groundbreaking corporate sustainability innovation strategy. This paper describes how Philips uses this approach in its Green Flagship Program (GFP). Philips' GFP is particularly interesting since it sets specific ...
… Grundlagen und erste …, 2001
A thorough investigation of the four essential parts of the social entrepreneurship process. Thes... more A thorough investigation of the four essential parts of the social entrepreneurship process. These are: the role of values in social entrepreneurship; the discovery and exploitation of social opportunities; the modelling of the social venturing process; and strategic perspectives in social entrepreneurship. Such a focus allows the debate about social entrepreneurship to move beyond the general discussion about definitions, emerging general theories and first empirical insights. Instead it singles out here four phenomena that are considered to be both insufficiently researched and critical to the understanding of social entrepreneurship.
Social Entrepreneurship has become a global phenomenon that impacts the lives of citizens by usin... more Social Entrepreneurship has become a global phenomenon that impacts the lives of citizens by using innovative approaches to solving social problems. This book offers an in-depth and comprehensive discussion of this vibrant area of research and broadens the up until now limited understanding of the theoretical foundations of this phenomenon. Social entrepreneurs use business and entrepreneurial skills to address issues such as poverty, education, environmental protection or health. They achieve this through for-profit, not-for-profit and a number of hybrid organizational forms.
Academic interest has generally focused on practitioner achievements and teaching in MBA electives yet new avenues of research provide insights into some of the fundamental questions about the field: how social entrepreneurs identify and evaluate opportunities, social and institutional barriers to markets, strategic orientation, resource deployment and innovation. The rigorous academic analyses in this book provide an excellent introduction to social entrepreneurship theory and a framework for future research.
This article is interested in people excluded from traditional markets as employees, producers, o... more This article is interested in people excluded from traditional markets as employees, producers, or consumers. Traditionally they are believed to lack skills required by the market. This article describes the processes through which these perceived liabilities can be overcome by so called hybrid organizations. Hybrids pursue explicit social missions through business-inspired earned-income strategies, with the express goal of creating market disequilibria. The paper demonstrates the challenges hybrids face and outlines how to overcome them by identifying hidden complementarities, by creating new ones, by eliminating the need for complementarities, by creating demand for antagonistic assets, or by using partnerships.
The socially responsible investing (SRI) movement has been following the aim of creating lasting ... more The socially responsible investing (SRI) movement has been following the aim of creating lasting institutional change by infusing the investment sector with new norms and values. Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) rating agencies have emerged in response to the needs of SRI actors for reliable data on the social performance of firms. Since 2005, the industry of ESG ratings has witnessed a number of national and cross-border consolidations. Based on a set of 37 interviews and secondary data, the paper explores the driving forces behind this consolidation as well as its impact. Our focus is on four ESG rating agencies based in the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Switzerland. We conclude that in effect consolidation has at least partially resulted in institutional retrogression whereby the traditional norms and values have reaffirmed their primacy thereby somewhat negating the institutional change sought-after by the SRI movement.
Academy of Management Proceedings, 2013
Academy of Management Proceedings, 2015
This paper 1 develops and validates measures of four constructs that have often been identified a... more This paper 1 develops and validates measures of four constructs that have often been identified as antecedents of social entrepreneurial behavior: empathy with marginalized people, a feeling of moral obligation to help these, a high level of self-efficacy concerning the ability to effect social change, and perceived availability of social support. Nomological validity is demonstrated by showing that as specified by Mair and Noboa (2006) empathy and moral obligation are positively associated with perceived desirability and self-efficacy and social support with perceived feasibility of starting a social venture. The Social Entrepreneurial Antecedents Scale (SEAS) provides a basis for future research into the effectiveness of social entrepreneurship education, allowing us to study how different educational interventions impact the four SEAS constructs.
This paper tests the model proposed by who identify four antecedents which they suggest predict s... more This paper tests the model proposed by who identify four antecedents which they suggest predict social entrepreneurial intentions. The study extends the model by including prior experience with social problems as an additional variable. Findings show that prior experience predicts social entrepreneurial intentions. This effect is mediated by the antecedents suggested by Mair and Noboa. Social entrepreneurial self-efficacy has both the largest impact on intentions as well as being itself most responsive to prior experience. Lastly, the study shows that the amount of optional social entrepreneurship electives students enroll in is predicted by social entrepreneurial intentions.
Greener Marketing: A Global Perspective on Greening Marketing Practice, 1999
Sign up to the Greenleaf Newsletter to receive special offers and new title alerts. ... Enter you... more Sign up to the Greenleaf Newsletter to receive special offers and new title alerts. ... Enter your email address in the box below. ... Please note these are approximate times and do not allow for weekends and public holidays. ... If you have purchased a digital product (eg an article in PDF format), you can retrieve it by visiting “My account” and finding the link in the “DOWNLOADS” section. The link will be available for 7 days after the day of purchase. ... If you have any questions about your order, please email Jayney Bown at sales@greenleaf- ...
Von den Anfängen des Umweltmanagements bis in die frühen 90er Jahre hat die Aufmerk- samkeit sowo... more Von den Anfängen des Umweltmanagements bis in die frühen 90er Jahre hat die Aufmerk- samkeit sowohl der Forschung als auch der Praxis im wesentlichen auf der ökologischen Dimension gelegen. Instrumente wie Öko-Bilanzen, Umweltmanagementsysteme dienten vornehmlich der Verringerung von Umwelteinwirkungen durch die Unternehmung. Somit wurden mit ihnen aus Unternehmenssicht oftmals "zusätzliche" Kosten assoziiert. Entsprechende Aktivitäten wurden nicht aus Eigeninteresse sondern auf
SAE Technical Paper Series, 1998
Measuring Business Excellence, 2008
Purpose–The purpose of this one-company case study is to investigate the possible use of causal m... more Purpose–The purpose of this one-company case study is to investigate the possible use of causal maps in the performance management and measurement of corporate social responsibility (CSR) related intangibles. Design/methodology/approach–In order to test the suitability of the chosen model, a combined research approach was selected. The combination of inductive and deductive approaches resulted in the most advantageous in order to test the research hypotheses. The pharmaceutical industry was targeted as a ...
International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, 2011
This paper uses a longitudinal case study to investigate the possible use of causal maps in the p... more This paper uses a longitudinal case study to investigate the possible use of causal maps in the process of performance management and measurement of corporate social responsibility's (CSR) related intangibles. An inductive theory building methodology (Glaser and Srauss, 1967; Eisenhardt, 1989; Van de Ven, 1992) is adopted taking an open-ended fieldwork approach towards the research question. In choosing our case study, the pharmaceutical industry was targeted as notable for relevant CSR investment; within the ...
Business Strategy and the Environment, 2010
Abstract Sustainability innovation research often focuses on the interrelation and the interactio... more Abstract Sustainability innovation research often focuses on the interrelation and the interaction of influencing factors and actors while neglecting the importance of firm internal initiatives. Based on a longitudinal case study of the Dutch company Royal Philips Electronics, we develop the concept of 'green flagging'as a groundbreaking corporate sustainability innovation strategy. This paper describes how Philips uses this approach in its Green Flagship Program (GFP). Philips' GFP is particularly interesting since it sets specific ...
… Grundlagen und erste …, 2001
Schriften der Bayreuther …, 1995