Valentina Tartari | Copenhagen Business School, CBS (original) (raw)
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Papers by Valentina Tartari
Abstract: Recent research has explored behavioral peer group influences on academics' engage... more Abstract: Recent research has explored behavioral peer group influences on academics' engagement with industry but has not explicitly addressed attitudinal influences. This study investigates how both attitudes and behaviors of departmental colleagues exert conformance pressures on academics. Analyzing multi-source data for 1200 UK physical and engineering scientists, we find that both behavioral and attitudinal peer effects shape individual engagement behavior. However, the effect of peer attitudes on individual ...
Academy of Management Proceedings, 2014
Legal and Economic Challenges for Development, 2014
Research Policy, 2013
Abstract A considerable body of work highlights the relevance of collaborative research, contract... more Abstract A considerable body of work highlights the relevance of collaborative research, contract research, consulting and informal relationships for university–industry knowledge transfer. We present a systematic review of research on academic scientists' involvement in these activities to which we refer as 'academic engagement'. Apart from extracting findings that are generalisable across studies, we ask how academic engagement differs from commercialisation, defined as intellectual property creation and academic ...
Research Policy, 2012
A considerable body of work highlights the relevance of collaborative research, contract research... more A considerable body of work highlights the relevance of collaborative research, contract research, consulting and informal relationships for university–industry knowledge transfer. We present a systematic review of research on academic scientists’ involvement in these activities to which we refer as ‘academic engagement’. Apart from extracting findings that are generalisable across studies, we ask how academic engagement differs from commercialisation, defined as intellectual property creation and academic entrepreneurship. We identify the individual, organisational and institutional antecedents and consequences of academic engagement, and then compare these findings with the antecedents and consequences of commercialisation. Apart from being more widely practiced, academic engagement is distinct from commercialisation in that it is closely aligned with traditional academic research activities, and pursued by academics to access resources supporting their research agendas. We conclude by identifying future research needs, opportunities for methodological improvement and policy interventions.
Industrial and Corporate Change, Oct 2012
Collaborating with industry constitutes discretionary behavior for academics: it is shaped by the... more Collaborating with industry constitutes discretionary behavior for academics: it is shaped by the institutional environment and individual perceptions of the potential costs and benefits. Drawing on a large-scale survey of Italian university researchers, we find the decision to collaborate with industry is influenced by perceived threats to a researcher's academic freedom. Secrecy concerns do not appear significant, while the desire to acquire additional resources influences the intensity of collaboration. We explore the implications of these findings for university–industry collaboration.
Research Policy, Oct 2011
Although sources and determinants of academic entrepreneurship have begun to command the attentio... more Although sources and determinants of academic entrepreneurship have begun to command the attention of policy-makers and researchers, there remain many unanswered questions about how individual and social factors shape the decisions of academics to engage in entrepreneurial activities. Using a large-scale panel of academics from a variety of UK universities from 2001 to 2009, this paper examines how an academics’ level of entrepreneurial capacity in terms of opportunity recognition capacity, and their prior entrepreneurial experience shape the likelihood of them being involved in starting up a new venture. In addition, we explore what role university Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) play in stimulating venture creation. The results show that individual-level attributes and experience are the most important predictors of academic entrepreneurship. We also find that the social environment surrounding the academic also plays an influential role, but its role is much less pronounced than individual-level factors. Finally, we show that the activities of the TTO play only a marginal, indirect role, in driving academics to start new ventures. We explore the implications of this analysis for policy and organizational design for academic entrepreneurship.
Cambridge journal of economics, Apr 2012
Although academics are under increasing pressure to engage industry in their research, they often... more Although academics are under increasing pressure to engage industry in their research, they often find it difficult to do so. Conflicts with industry over the timing of disclosure and the choice of topics are common. Moreover, collaborations with industry may require academics to negotiate formal contracts about the ownership of intellectual property. To help understand the factors that might mitigate these conflicts, this paper examines how the professional and collaborative experiences of academics shape their perceptions of the barriers to industry collaboration. Using a rich dataset of UK academics, we find that perceived barriers to collaboration are lower for academics with industrial and collaborative experience and for those who trust their industry partners. However, for the transactional costs of industry engagement, we find entrepreneurial experience and the diversity of methods used to collaborate with industry increases the perceived barriers to collaboration.
Recent research has explored behavioral peer group influences on academics’ engagement with indus... more Recent research has explored behavioral peer group influences on academics’ engagement with industry, but has not explicitly addressed under which circumstances these influences are more pronounced. Analyzing multi-source data for 1200 UK academic scientists and engineers, we find that peers’ behavior shapes individual engagement behavior, yet the effect of social learning is stronger for individuals in the early stage of their career, while it is weaker for star scientists and academics who have worked in industry in the past. While peer effects appear to be strong, we find no organization-level effects. We explore implications for research on professional organizations and policies designed to encourage academics to engage with industry.
lem.sssup.it
The field of science and technology has long been associated with the underrepresentation of wome... more The field of science and technology has long been associated with the underrepresentation of women in leading positions. In recent years, the debate about women representation in academic science has started to include issues about women?s engagement with industry and participation in technology transfer activities. This study investigates if women academics engage less than their male colleagues in collaboration activities with industry, and if they choose different forms of engagement. Analyzing multi-source data for 1200 UK physical and engineering scientists and employing a matching technique we find that women researchers collaborate less than men and they tend to choose less rewarding channels of collaboration. Exploiting additional information on the individuals, we propose possible explanations of this phenomenon and we explore implications for research on gender stratification in commercial science and policies designed to encourage academics to engage with industry.
Explorations in Economic History, Jan 1, 2010
Paper presented at the DIME Final …, Jan 1, 2011
Abstract: Recent research has explored behavioral peer group influences on academics' engage... more Abstract: Recent research has explored behavioral peer group influences on academics' engagement with industry but has not explicitly addressed attitudinal influences. This study investigates how both attitudes and behaviors of departmental colleagues exert conformance pressures on academics. Analyzing multi-source data for 1200 UK physical and engineering scientists, we find that both behavioral and attitudinal peer effects shape individual engagement behavior. However, the effect of peer attitudes on individual ...
Academy of Management Proceedings, 2014
Legal and Economic Challenges for Development, 2014
Research Policy, 2013
Abstract A considerable body of work highlights the relevance of collaborative research, contract... more Abstract A considerable body of work highlights the relevance of collaborative research, contract research, consulting and informal relationships for university–industry knowledge transfer. We present a systematic review of research on academic scientists' involvement in these activities to which we refer as 'academic engagement'. Apart from extracting findings that are generalisable across studies, we ask how academic engagement differs from commercialisation, defined as intellectual property creation and academic ...
Research Policy, 2012
A considerable body of work highlights the relevance of collaborative research, contract research... more A considerable body of work highlights the relevance of collaborative research, contract research, consulting and informal relationships for university–industry knowledge transfer. We present a systematic review of research on academic scientists’ involvement in these activities to which we refer as ‘academic engagement’. Apart from extracting findings that are generalisable across studies, we ask how academic engagement differs from commercialisation, defined as intellectual property creation and academic entrepreneurship. We identify the individual, organisational and institutional antecedents and consequences of academic engagement, and then compare these findings with the antecedents and consequences of commercialisation. Apart from being more widely practiced, academic engagement is distinct from commercialisation in that it is closely aligned with traditional academic research activities, and pursued by academics to access resources supporting their research agendas. We conclude by identifying future research needs, opportunities for methodological improvement and policy interventions.
Industrial and Corporate Change, Oct 2012
Collaborating with industry constitutes discretionary behavior for academics: it is shaped by the... more Collaborating with industry constitutes discretionary behavior for academics: it is shaped by the institutional environment and individual perceptions of the potential costs and benefits. Drawing on a large-scale survey of Italian university researchers, we find the decision to collaborate with industry is influenced by perceived threats to a researcher's academic freedom. Secrecy concerns do not appear significant, while the desire to acquire additional resources influences the intensity of collaboration. We explore the implications of these findings for university–industry collaboration.
Research Policy, Oct 2011
Although sources and determinants of academic entrepreneurship have begun to command the attentio... more Although sources and determinants of academic entrepreneurship have begun to command the attention of policy-makers and researchers, there remain many unanswered questions about how individual and social factors shape the decisions of academics to engage in entrepreneurial activities. Using a large-scale panel of academics from a variety of UK universities from 2001 to 2009, this paper examines how an academics’ level of entrepreneurial capacity in terms of opportunity recognition capacity, and their prior entrepreneurial experience shape the likelihood of them being involved in starting up a new venture. In addition, we explore what role university Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) play in stimulating venture creation. The results show that individual-level attributes and experience are the most important predictors of academic entrepreneurship. We also find that the social environment surrounding the academic also plays an influential role, but its role is much less pronounced than individual-level factors. Finally, we show that the activities of the TTO play only a marginal, indirect role, in driving academics to start new ventures. We explore the implications of this analysis for policy and organizational design for academic entrepreneurship.
Cambridge journal of economics, Apr 2012
Although academics are under increasing pressure to engage industry in their research, they often... more Although academics are under increasing pressure to engage industry in their research, they often find it difficult to do so. Conflicts with industry over the timing of disclosure and the choice of topics are common. Moreover, collaborations with industry may require academics to negotiate formal contracts about the ownership of intellectual property. To help understand the factors that might mitigate these conflicts, this paper examines how the professional and collaborative experiences of academics shape their perceptions of the barriers to industry collaboration. Using a rich dataset of UK academics, we find that perceived barriers to collaboration are lower for academics with industrial and collaborative experience and for those who trust their industry partners. However, for the transactional costs of industry engagement, we find entrepreneurial experience and the diversity of methods used to collaborate with industry increases the perceived barriers to collaboration.
Recent research has explored behavioral peer group influences on academics’ engagement with indus... more Recent research has explored behavioral peer group influences on academics’ engagement with industry, but has not explicitly addressed under which circumstances these influences are more pronounced. Analyzing multi-source data for 1200 UK academic scientists and engineers, we find that peers’ behavior shapes individual engagement behavior, yet the effect of social learning is stronger for individuals in the early stage of their career, while it is weaker for star scientists and academics who have worked in industry in the past. While peer effects appear to be strong, we find no organization-level effects. We explore implications for research on professional organizations and policies designed to encourage academics to engage with industry.
lem.sssup.it
The field of science and technology has long been associated with the underrepresentation of wome... more The field of science and technology has long been associated with the underrepresentation of women in leading positions. In recent years, the debate about women representation in academic science has started to include issues about women?s engagement with industry and participation in technology transfer activities. This study investigates if women academics engage less than their male colleagues in collaboration activities with industry, and if they choose different forms of engagement. Analyzing multi-source data for 1200 UK physical and engineering scientists and employing a matching technique we find that women researchers collaborate less than men and they tend to choose less rewarding channels of collaboration. Exploiting additional information on the individuals, we propose possible explanations of this phenomenon and we explore implications for research on gender stratification in commercial science and policies designed to encourage academics to engage with industry.
Explorations in Economic History, Jan 1, 2010
Paper presented at the DIME Final …, Jan 1, 2011