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Papers by poonam kachhawa

International Archives of BioMedical and Clinical Research, 2019

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a diabetic metabolic disorder that occurs in 4... more Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a diabetic metabolic disorder that occurs in 4% of all pregnant women and 14% of ethnic groups with more prevalence of type II diabetes. It can be defined as increased or abnormal insulin resistance, decreased insulin sensitivity or glucose intolerance with first diagnosis during pregnancy. Aims/Objectives: 1. To find out prevalence of GDM. 2. To study associated risk factors. Methods: The study was conducted at the metabolic clinic; in the department of Biochemistry located at SIMS, Hapur. A semi-structured pretested questionnaire was used for data collection. Following the DIPSI guidelines, patients with plasma glucose values >140 mg/dl were labeled as GDM. Statistical methods used were OR (CI95%), percentage, Chi square. Results: ‘Out of 500, 6.72% had GDM. Among all GDM patients, 64.71% had age more than 30 years, 70.59% had BMI more than 25, 41.18% had gravida more than 3 and p- value was significant with regard to age and B...

Background & Objective: India, according to Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR,) the annual... more Background & Objective: India, according to Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR,) the annual incidence rates (AARs) for colon cancer and rectal cancer in men are 4.4 and 4.1 per 100000, respectively. The AAR for colon cancer in women is 3.9 per 100000. Some studies have shown that the incidence of CRC is associated with obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and diabetesmellitus. However, studies on the association between CRC anddyslipidemia and insulin resistance produced conflicting results. Patients and Methods: The case-control study was conducted including total 190 subjects. A total of 95 colorectal cancer patients in which 54 (56.8%) males and 41(43.1%) females newly diagnosed with histologically confirmed colorectal carcinoma, under the age of 80 (range 40-80 years). Controls were 95 age matched disease free individuals in which 52 (54.7%) males and 43 (45.2%) females. Mean ± SD in case and control groups and compared using the Unpaired Student’s t-test. Results: Data revealed tha...

Introduction: The prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) varies widely in India and is... more Introduction: The prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) varies widely in India and is associated with high morbidities and mortalities among mothers and infants. Objectives: 1. To find out prevalence of GDM. 2. To study associated risk factors. Materials And Methods: The study was conducted at the antenatal clinic of a tertiary care hospital. A semistructured pretested questionnaire was used for data collection. Following DIPSI guidelines, patients with plasma glucose values >140 mg/dl were labeled as GDM. Statistical methods used were OR (CI95%), percentage, Chai square. Results: Out of 506 respondents, 6.72% had GDM. Among all GDM respondents, 64.71% had age more than 30 years, 70.59% had BMI more than 25, 41.18% had gravida more than 3 and p value was significant with regard to age and BMI. P value was found to be significant for risk factors namely positive family history of Diabetes Mellitus, history of big baby and presence of more than one risk factor. Conclusi...

International Archives of BioMedical and Clinical Research, 2018

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism is defined as an elevated serum TSH level and normal conce... more Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism is defined as an elevated serum TSH level and normal concentrations of free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4), T3 and T4. A positive association between thyroid and diabetes mellitus is well recognized but to study the effect of thyroid disorders on glucose metabolism in non-diabetic patients is an area for extensive research. Present study was planned to assess correlation between subclinical hypothyroidism and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in non-diabetic patients. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on total 209 subjects. 109 patients were allotted in case group and 100 in control group. Controls were relatives and friends of patients who were matched for age and sex. Comparison between the case and the control groups were made using Student’s t-test (unpaired) and Box and Whisker Plot and regression graph were presented for correlation between serum TSH and HbA1c. Results: It was found that there was a positive correlation between the levels...

International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy & Life Sciences

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obe... more Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity. Type 2 diabetes and OSA may be pathophysiologically independent conditions although the joint association with obesity or visceral adiposity. There is a consistent relationship between obesity and OSA, which has been reported in 60-90% of OSA patients. The prevalence of obesity increases with a parallel increase in the prevalence of OSA. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is an effective choice of treatment for OSA, an overnight test, or titration some patients may reduce apnea events by minimizes airway collapse by CPAP. Several studies showed that the effect of drug treatment with 3 months of C-PAP in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we include 300 patients in different groups, out of the 100 patients undergoing treatment of CPAP therapy minimum for three months. Blood sugar, HbA1c, and lipid profile were measured and an overnight sleep study was done. The obtained data shows the significant effect of therapy on physiological and biochemical parameters. AHI and BMI were highly significant in group II and Group III when compared to group I. FBS, HbA1C, and Lipid profile parameters also gave significance results (p-value <0.001) in group II and group III when compared with healthy subjects (group I).

Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common microvascular complication observed in patients with... more Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common microvascular complication observed in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, magnesium (Mg) deficiency is a common problem in diabetic patients. In this study, we estimated the levels of Mg, which is an important trace element and pro-oxidant marker, and then evaluated the association between serum Mg and pro-oxidants in patients with DN. In the present study, 200 patients were enrolled and were divided into two groups. The control and DN groups consisted of 100 healthy individuals and 100 patients with DN, respectively. Serum Mg, total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were estimated using the Calmagite, Koracevic, and Marklund and Marklund methods, respectively. Glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated using the Tietze F and Jean CD method, respectively. Mg levels were found to be significantly decreased in the DN group in comparison to the control group. Anti-oxidant markers were statistically significantly reduced (P <0.001), whereas MDA levels were statistically significantly elevated (P <0.001) in the DN group compared to the control group. There was a significant positive association of Mg with TAC, SOD, and GSH. A statistically significant negative association of Mg with MDA (r = −0.302, P <0.001, n = 100) was also observed. An apparent relationship was observed between hypomagnesemia and oxidative stress in patients with DN. Lower levels of Mg and oxidative stress were also strongly linked.

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: CKD is a serious health problem in worldwide. In developing nation, CKD has severe im... more Background: CKD is a serious health problem in worldwide. In developing nation, CKD has severe implication on health and economic output. The rapid increase of common risk factors such as hypertension (HTN), obesity and type 2 diabetes will result in greater and more burdens to developing country. There are many complications associated with CKD including thyroid dysfunction, dyslipidemia,hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD).It is generally seen that patients suffering from CKD are at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic screening of thyroid dysfunction, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in hypertensive end stage chronic renal disease patients. Materials and Methods: Thyroid status, Lipid profile, serum Urea, serum Creatinine, serum Uric acid, serum electrolyte, Catalase,Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assayed in 160 subjects in which 80 patients of CKD were having hyperte...

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: The drug utilization research is a significant constituent of medical audit which hel... more Background: The drug utilization research is a significant constituent of medical audit which helps in monitoring, evaluating and building required modifications in the prescribing practices to attain a rational and cost effective medical care. Aims and Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate drug utilization design of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in a tertiary care teaching hospital, SIMS, Hapur. Material and Methods: This prospective, observational study was conducted in the outpatients of the Pain clinic during six months period to evaluate the prescribing pattern of analgesics in a tertiary care teaching hospital. After getting approval by Institutional Ethical committee, random prescriptions were collected from the OPD and scanned for the record purpose. The demographic data and the prescription were taken from 340 prescriptions. Data was analyzed as per WHO prescribing indicators. Results: A total 340 prescriptions were analyzed. The result reve...

Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology

Background and Objectives: Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer and the sixt... more Background and Objectives: Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer death among men worldwide. In India, it is the second most common cancer in males as per the Indian Council of Medical Research and various state cancer registries. This study was designed to investigate the effect of dyslipidemia, elevated insulin levels, and insulin resistance on the risk of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: This case–control study was conducted on a total of 200 individuals. Cases were 100 males under the age of 80 (range, 50–80 years), newly diagnosed with histologically confirmed primary adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Controls were 100 age-matched disease-free males, without any complications. Mean ± standard deviation in case and control groups was compared using the unpaired Student's t-test. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the association between variables of interest and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and body mass index (BMI) among prostate cancer patients. Unadjusted and adjusted odd ratios with 95% CI were calculated using logistic regression models for prostate cancer risk in relation to dyslipidemia and IR. Results: Data showed that serum PSA significantly positively associated with BMI, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin, HOMA-IR and significantly negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). HOMA-IR significantly positively associated with BMI, TGs, glucose, and insulin. The binary logistic regression analysis showed a significant adjusted* Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (P < 0.001) between total cholesterol (5.27 [1.87–14.8]), HDL-C (1.73 [1.02–3.42]), TGs (1.24 [1.05–1.37]), HOMA-IR (2.68 [1.53–4.62]), and prostate cancer. Conclusion: This study confirms the association between dyslipidemia, IR, and increased prostate cancer risk.

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences

BACKGROUND Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme which is found in almost all living cells. LD... more BACKGROUND Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme which is found in almost all living cells. LDH is a tetramer composed of two different subunits, M and H. It catalyses the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate, as it interconverts NAD + and NADH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic significance of estimating lactate dehydrogenase in ascitic and pleural fluid. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current study was conducted in the department of biochemistry at Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur. This descriptive study was performed on 60 subjects suffering from ascites/pleural effusion, who satisfy the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Since the duration of the study was less, patients were selected by convenience technique. RESULTS Estimating the fluid lactate dehydrogenase levels in patients presenting with ascites helps in differentiating between malignant and non-malignant effusions. It is highly sensitive (100%) and highly specific (100%). Estimating the fluid lactate dehydrogenase level in patients presenting with pleural effusion helps in differentiating between transudative and exudative effusions. It is highly sensitive (100%) and highly specific (100%). CONCLUSION Biochemical analysis of LDH in ascitic fluid helps in differentiating malignant and non-malignant aetiology (Negative Predictive Value= 100%, Confidence Interval= 75.3-100%).

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Coronary risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD... more Background: Coronary risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) have become major health problem in Indian subcontinent, despite low fat intake and low rates of obesity. It is a paradox that the increased risk of people of Indian origin to diabetes and CAD is not explained by conventional risk factors. It is possible that the presence of new risk factors may explain this paradox. Aims and Objective: The present study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of coronary artery disease and identify & compare some socio-demographic and lifestyle risk factors associated with coronary artery disease in urban and rural populations of Hapur. Materials and Methods: It’s a community based study in which 350 adults each were randomly selected from urban and rural populations of Hapur using modified cluster sampling method. Selected individuals were examined. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSSversion16 for windows version 8.1. Several published epid...

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common medical condition that complicates pr... more Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common medical condition that complicates pregnancies..Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a diabetic metabolic disorder that occurs in 4% of all pregnant women and 14% of ethnic groups with more prevalence of type II diabetes. It can be defined as increased or abnormal insulin resistance, decreased insulin sensitivity or glucose intolerance with first diagnosis during pregnancy. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic screening value of the HbA1c, prevalence of GDM and associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the metabolic clinic; in the department of Biochemistry located at SIMS, Hapur. A semi-structured pretested questionnaire was used for data collection. Following the DIPSI guidelines, patients with plasma glucose values >140 mg/dl were labeled as GDM. Statistical methods used were OR (CI95%), percentage, Chi square. Results: Out of 500, 6.72% had G...

Journal of mid-life health

This study aims to determine the association of dyslipidemia and increased insulin resistance (IR... more This study aims to determine the association of dyslipidemia and increased insulin resistance (IR) with increased breast cancer (BC) risk. The study group comprised 110 premenopausal and 143 postmenopausal, untreated female BC patients in the age range of 29-72 years. Control group consisted of 117 premenopausal and 141 postmenopausal healthy females in the age range of 23-75. Approximately 8-ml blood samples were drawn to measure various biochemical parameters. Serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were measured. Very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) and LDL-C were calculated using Friedewald's formula. Serum insulin and serum CA 15-3 were estimated by immune enzymatic assay. IR was assessed using homeostasis model assessment IR index (HOMA-IR). Clinical variables in the case and control groups were compared using the unpaired Student's -test. The crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence inte...

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences

Introduction:Hypertension is an important worldwide public-health challenge because of its high f... more Introduction:Hypertension is an important worldwide public-health challenge because of its high frequency and concomitant risks of cardiovascular and kidney disease.Hypertension is the new era pandemic which is the leading cause of mortality in the world and is ranked third as a cause of disability-adjusted life years. Various risk factors are implicated in the development of hypertension and there are differences in these risk factors in urban and rural populations depending on the level of development and epidemiological transition. Aims & Objective:The preesent study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and identify & compare some socio-demographic and lifestyle risk factors associated with hypertension in urban and rural populations of Hapur. Materials and methods: It's a community based cross-sectional study in which 300 adults each were randomly selected from urban and rural populations of Hapur using modified cluster sampling method. Selected individuals were examined and interviewed using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Two Blood Pressure readings were recorded using mercury sphygmomanometer in the sitting position and the mean of two was considered for analysis. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS for windows version 8.1. Result:Most of the study population belonged to age group of 20-29 yrs (27.5%) followed by 30-39 yrs (24.5%). 41.2% of the study population was constituted by males and the rest 58.8% by females. Majority of the study population belonged to middle class (58%) followed by upper lower class (18%). The prevalence of hypertension was 21% in the present study, which is comparable to the estimates given by World Health Organization (23%). Around 33.7% of the population had blood pressure in the normal range and 45.3% of the population had pre-hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was 23.7% in the urban areas and 18.3% in the rural areas. This difference was found to be statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The present study identified as risk factors for the development of hypertensionincreasing age, sedentary occupation, higher socioeconomic status, extra salt intake, family history of hypertension, reduced physical activity, tobacco smoking, smokeless tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, BMI ≥ 25 and high waist-hip ratio.

Oncobiology and Targets, 2016

Background and Objective: The incidence of prostate cancer is increasing day by day worldwide. Pr... more Background and Objective: The incidence of prostate cancer is increasing day by day worldwide. Prostate cancer in India is the 10 th most common malignancy affecting men although its incidence is rising in India. This study is designed to the effect of dyslipidemia, altered serum glucose, insulin resistance, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) on the risk of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 150 patients, in which 75 patients were of prostate cancer considered as cases and 75 were healthy individuals as controls. About 8 ml of blood samples was drawn to determine fasting glucose, lipid profile, serum insulin, and serum PSA. Serum glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were measured using enzymatic kits of auto analyzer. Very low-density lipoprotein-C (VLDL-C) and LDL-C were calculated by Friedwald's formula. Serum insulin and serum PSA were estimated by immunoenzymatic assay. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as "weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m 2)". Insulin resistance was assessed by homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and calculated as follows: "fasting glucose (mg/dL) × fasting insulin (mU/mL)/405". Blood pressure was measured in the sitting position after a 10 min resting period. Observation and Results: Clinical variables such as age, BMI, blood pressure, lipid profile, serum glucose, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum PSA in case and control groups were compared using the unpaired Student's t-test. We found that BMI and the level of serum glucose, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum PSA were significantly increased in prostate cancer patients as compared to control. In prostate cancer patients, HDL-C significantly decreased (P < 0.001) while total cholesterol, TG, LDL-C, and VLDL-C were significantly increased (P < 0.001) as compared to control group. Conclusion: This study has shown significant association of high BMI, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and PSA with prostate cancer.

Journal of Laboratory Physicians, 2017

Background: Storage of serum and other blood products is often necessary in laboratories because ... more Background: Storage of serum and other blood products is often necessary in laboratories because of technical issues or to preserve samples for subsequent research purposes. The aim of this study was to determine whether the stability of biochemical analytes is affected by storage conditions. Materials and Methods: A total of 17 biochemical analytes in the sera of ten patients were examined following storage. Subsequent to determining the baseline measurements, the serum of each patient was aliquoted and stored at −20°C for 7, 15, and 30 days and then analyzed for stability. The results were compared with the initial analysis measurements obtained from fresh samples. Mean changes compared to baseline (T0) concentrations were evaluated both statistically and clinically. Results: Our results show that sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine, uric acid, total calcium, phosphorus, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, ...

International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2016

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming a serious health problem; the number of peop... more Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming a serious health problem; the number of people with impaired renal function is rapidly rising. Progression of CKD is associated with having a number of complications, including thyroid dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate thyroid function and lipid profile in patients with CKD. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 90 patients with CKD at Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur (U.P.). Demographic features (age and sex) and medical history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases of each patient were noted, and blood samples (5 mL) were analyzed for serum urea, creatinine, glucose, free triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride. Results: Thyroid dysfunction was found in 38.6% patients with CKD, the most common being subclinical hypothyroidism (27.2%), followed by overt hypothyroidism (8.1%), and subclinical hyperthyroidism (3.3%). Hypercholesterolemia, low HDL cholesterol, undesirable LDL cholesterol, and hypertriglyceridemia were observed in 34.4%, 34.1%, 35% and 36.6% patients, respectively. Patients with CKD withstages 4 and 5 had significantly higher risk of having thyroid dysfunction as compared to patients with stage 3. Significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with CKD included the presence of diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, undesirable LDL cholesterol, and being in stages 4 and 5 (as compared to stage 3). Conclusions: Thyroid dysfunction, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL cholesterol, undesirable LDL cholesterol, and hypertriglyceridemia were common in patients with CKD. Progression of CKD was accompanied by rise in hypothyroidism and cardiovascular disease.

Defence Life Science Journal, 2016

INTRODUCTION Jatropha curcas commonly known as physic nut belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family. It... more INTRODUCTION Jatropha curcas commonly known as physic nut belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family. It is a hardy plant, thrives on degraded land and requires limited amounts of nutrients and water. The seeds contain about 300-350 gm/kg oil, which can be used as a fuel directly or in its trans esterified form, as a substitute for diesel. The proportions of shell and kernel range from 350 to 400 gm/kg and from 600 to 650 gm/kg, respectively. The seed weighs about 0.75 g and the kernel contains protein and lipid contents of 27-32% and 58-60%, respectively 1. The toxic component was isolated from the seeds of Jatropha curcas by Felke 2 and was designated as curcin, Barbieri 3 reported that curcin was type I RIP i.e. ribosome inactivating protein. Curcin is a Type I RIP with a molecular weight of about 28.2 kDa, which strongly inhibits the protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysate system with an IC 50 value of about (0.19±0.01 nMol/L). Beside curcin, the seed contain phorbol ester, trypsin inhibitor, saponin, lectin, HCN, alkaloids and resin etc which prevent it's use as feed for animal. Jatropha curcas seeds are highly toxic to a number of animal species. The toxicity is ascribed to the presence of phorbol esters. Other antinutrients present in high amounts in the seed are trypsin inhibitor, lectin, saponins, HCN, alkaloids, resin and phytate. In addition to the presence

Journal of Health Research and Reviews, 2016

Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology, 2016

Background and Objective: Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of microvascular chronic ... more Background and Objective: Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of microvascular chronic complication of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) may result from diabetes mellitus (34%), hypertension (29%), glomerulonephritis (14%), and others (23%). The present study was undertaken to explore the possibility of the serum cystatin C level as a marker of early renal impairment in T2DM patient. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 75 patients of T2DM and 75 healthy individuals were included as control in this study. After 12 h fasting, 8 mL venous blood sample was collected and allowed to clot for ΍ h and serum was separated. Lipid profile and cystatin C level of serum were measured by using commercially available kit of auto analyzer. Results: The level of serum cystatin C was significantly increased in T2DM patients as compared to control. In T2DM patients, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased (P < 0.001), while other parameters of lipid profile were significantly increased (P < 0.001) as compared to control group. Conclusion: Present study suggests that cystatin C measurement in serum is a useful, practical, noninvasive tool for the evaluation of renal involvement in the course of diabetes, especially patients, and the study also shows significant lipoprotein abnormalities in T2DM patients when compared to control.

International Archives of BioMedical and Clinical Research, 2019

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a diabetic metabolic disorder that occurs in 4... more Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a diabetic metabolic disorder that occurs in 4% of all pregnant women and 14% of ethnic groups with more prevalence of type II diabetes. It can be defined as increased or abnormal insulin resistance, decreased insulin sensitivity or glucose intolerance with first diagnosis during pregnancy. Aims/Objectives: 1. To find out prevalence of GDM. 2. To study associated risk factors. Methods: The study was conducted at the metabolic clinic; in the department of Biochemistry located at SIMS, Hapur. A semi-structured pretested questionnaire was used for data collection. Following the DIPSI guidelines, patients with plasma glucose values >140 mg/dl were labeled as GDM. Statistical methods used were OR (CI95%), percentage, Chi square. Results: ‘Out of 500, 6.72% had GDM. Among all GDM patients, 64.71% had age more than 30 years, 70.59% had BMI more than 25, 41.18% had gravida more than 3 and p- value was significant with regard to age and B...

Background & Objective: India, according to Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR,) the annual... more Background & Objective: India, according to Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR,) the annual incidence rates (AARs) for colon cancer and rectal cancer in men are 4.4 and 4.1 per 100000, respectively. The AAR for colon cancer in women is 3.9 per 100000. Some studies have shown that the incidence of CRC is associated with obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and diabetesmellitus. However, studies on the association between CRC anddyslipidemia and insulin resistance produced conflicting results. Patients and Methods: The case-control study was conducted including total 190 subjects. A total of 95 colorectal cancer patients in which 54 (56.8%) males and 41(43.1%) females newly diagnosed with histologically confirmed colorectal carcinoma, under the age of 80 (range 40-80 years). Controls were 95 age matched disease free individuals in which 52 (54.7%) males and 43 (45.2%) females. Mean ± SD in case and control groups and compared using the Unpaired Student’s t-test. Results: Data revealed tha...

Introduction: The prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) varies widely in India and is... more Introduction: The prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) varies widely in India and is associated with high morbidities and mortalities among mothers and infants. Objectives: 1. To find out prevalence of GDM. 2. To study associated risk factors. Materials And Methods: The study was conducted at the antenatal clinic of a tertiary care hospital. A semistructured pretested questionnaire was used for data collection. Following DIPSI guidelines, patients with plasma glucose values >140 mg/dl were labeled as GDM. Statistical methods used were OR (CI95%), percentage, Chai square. Results: Out of 506 respondents, 6.72% had GDM. Among all GDM respondents, 64.71% had age more than 30 years, 70.59% had BMI more than 25, 41.18% had gravida more than 3 and p value was significant with regard to age and BMI. P value was found to be significant for risk factors namely positive family history of Diabetes Mellitus, history of big baby and presence of more than one risk factor. Conclusi...

International Archives of BioMedical and Clinical Research, 2018

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism is defined as an elevated serum TSH level and normal conce... more Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism is defined as an elevated serum TSH level and normal concentrations of free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4), T3 and T4. A positive association between thyroid and diabetes mellitus is well recognized but to study the effect of thyroid disorders on glucose metabolism in non-diabetic patients is an area for extensive research. Present study was planned to assess correlation between subclinical hypothyroidism and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in non-diabetic patients. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on total 209 subjects. 109 patients were allotted in case group and 100 in control group. Controls were relatives and friends of patients who were matched for age and sex. Comparison between the case and the control groups were made using Student’s t-test (unpaired) and Box and Whisker Plot and regression graph were presented for correlation between serum TSH and HbA1c. Results: It was found that there was a positive correlation between the levels...

International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy & Life Sciences

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obe... more Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity. Type 2 diabetes and OSA may be pathophysiologically independent conditions although the joint association with obesity or visceral adiposity. There is a consistent relationship between obesity and OSA, which has been reported in 60-90% of OSA patients. The prevalence of obesity increases with a parallel increase in the prevalence of OSA. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is an effective choice of treatment for OSA, an overnight test, or titration some patients may reduce apnea events by minimizes airway collapse by CPAP. Several studies showed that the effect of drug treatment with 3 months of C-PAP in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we include 300 patients in different groups, out of the 100 patients undergoing treatment of CPAP therapy minimum for three months. Blood sugar, HbA1c, and lipid profile were measured and an overnight sleep study was done. The obtained data shows the significant effect of therapy on physiological and biochemical parameters. AHI and BMI were highly significant in group II and Group III when compared to group I. FBS, HbA1C, and Lipid profile parameters also gave significance results (p-value <0.001) in group II and group III when compared with healthy subjects (group I).

Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common microvascular complication observed in patients with... more Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common microvascular complication observed in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, magnesium (Mg) deficiency is a common problem in diabetic patients. In this study, we estimated the levels of Mg, which is an important trace element and pro-oxidant marker, and then evaluated the association between serum Mg and pro-oxidants in patients with DN. In the present study, 200 patients were enrolled and were divided into two groups. The control and DN groups consisted of 100 healthy individuals and 100 patients with DN, respectively. Serum Mg, total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were estimated using the Calmagite, Koracevic, and Marklund and Marklund methods, respectively. Glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated using the Tietze F and Jean CD method, respectively. Mg levels were found to be significantly decreased in the DN group in comparison to the control group. Anti-oxidant markers were statistically significantly reduced (P <0.001), whereas MDA levels were statistically significantly elevated (P <0.001) in the DN group compared to the control group. There was a significant positive association of Mg with TAC, SOD, and GSH. A statistically significant negative association of Mg with MDA (r = −0.302, P <0.001, n = 100) was also observed. An apparent relationship was observed between hypomagnesemia and oxidative stress in patients with DN. Lower levels of Mg and oxidative stress were also strongly linked.

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: CKD is a serious health problem in worldwide. In developing nation, CKD has severe im... more Background: CKD is a serious health problem in worldwide. In developing nation, CKD has severe implication on health and economic output. The rapid increase of common risk factors such as hypertension (HTN), obesity and type 2 diabetes will result in greater and more burdens to developing country. There are many complications associated with CKD including thyroid dysfunction, dyslipidemia,hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD).It is generally seen that patients suffering from CKD are at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic screening of thyroid dysfunction, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in hypertensive end stage chronic renal disease patients. Materials and Methods: Thyroid status, Lipid profile, serum Urea, serum Creatinine, serum Uric acid, serum electrolyte, Catalase,Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assayed in 160 subjects in which 80 patients of CKD were having hyperte...

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: The drug utilization research is a significant constituent of medical audit which hel... more Background: The drug utilization research is a significant constituent of medical audit which helps in monitoring, evaluating and building required modifications in the prescribing practices to attain a rational and cost effective medical care. Aims and Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate drug utilization design of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in a tertiary care teaching hospital, SIMS, Hapur. Material and Methods: This prospective, observational study was conducted in the outpatients of the Pain clinic during six months period to evaluate the prescribing pattern of analgesics in a tertiary care teaching hospital. After getting approval by Institutional Ethical committee, random prescriptions were collected from the OPD and scanned for the record purpose. The demographic data and the prescription were taken from 340 prescriptions. Data was analyzed as per WHO prescribing indicators. Results: A total 340 prescriptions were analyzed. The result reve...

Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology

Background and Objectives: Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer and the sixt... more Background and Objectives: Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer death among men worldwide. In India, it is the second most common cancer in males as per the Indian Council of Medical Research and various state cancer registries. This study was designed to investigate the effect of dyslipidemia, elevated insulin levels, and insulin resistance on the risk of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: This case–control study was conducted on a total of 200 individuals. Cases were 100 males under the age of 80 (range, 50–80 years), newly diagnosed with histologically confirmed primary adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Controls were 100 age-matched disease-free males, without any complications. Mean ± standard deviation in case and control groups was compared using the unpaired Student's t-test. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the association between variables of interest and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and body mass index (BMI) among prostate cancer patients. Unadjusted and adjusted odd ratios with 95% CI were calculated using logistic regression models for prostate cancer risk in relation to dyslipidemia and IR. Results: Data showed that serum PSA significantly positively associated with BMI, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin, HOMA-IR and significantly negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). HOMA-IR significantly positively associated with BMI, TGs, glucose, and insulin. The binary logistic regression analysis showed a significant adjusted* Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (P < 0.001) between total cholesterol (5.27 [1.87–14.8]), HDL-C (1.73 [1.02–3.42]), TGs (1.24 [1.05–1.37]), HOMA-IR (2.68 [1.53–4.62]), and prostate cancer. Conclusion: This study confirms the association between dyslipidemia, IR, and increased prostate cancer risk.

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences

BACKGROUND Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme which is found in almost all living cells. LD... more BACKGROUND Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme which is found in almost all living cells. LDH is a tetramer composed of two different subunits, M and H. It catalyses the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate, as it interconverts NAD + and NADH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic significance of estimating lactate dehydrogenase in ascitic and pleural fluid. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current study was conducted in the department of biochemistry at Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur. This descriptive study was performed on 60 subjects suffering from ascites/pleural effusion, who satisfy the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Since the duration of the study was less, patients were selected by convenience technique. RESULTS Estimating the fluid lactate dehydrogenase levels in patients presenting with ascites helps in differentiating between malignant and non-malignant effusions. It is highly sensitive (100%) and highly specific (100%). Estimating the fluid lactate dehydrogenase level in patients presenting with pleural effusion helps in differentiating between transudative and exudative effusions. It is highly sensitive (100%) and highly specific (100%). CONCLUSION Biochemical analysis of LDH in ascitic fluid helps in differentiating malignant and non-malignant aetiology (Negative Predictive Value= 100%, Confidence Interval= 75.3-100%).

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Coronary risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD... more Background: Coronary risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) have become major health problem in Indian subcontinent, despite low fat intake and low rates of obesity. It is a paradox that the increased risk of people of Indian origin to diabetes and CAD is not explained by conventional risk factors. It is possible that the presence of new risk factors may explain this paradox. Aims and Objective: The present study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of coronary artery disease and identify & compare some socio-demographic and lifestyle risk factors associated with coronary artery disease in urban and rural populations of Hapur. Materials and Methods: It’s a community based study in which 350 adults each were randomly selected from urban and rural populations of Hapur using modified cluster sampling method. Selected individuals were examined. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSSversion16 for windows version 8.1. Several published epid...

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common medical condition that complicates pr... more Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common medical condition that complicates pregnancies..Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a diabetic metabolic disorder that occurs in 4% of all pregnant women and 14% of ethnic groups with more prevalence of type II diabetes. It can be defined as increased or abnormal insulin resistance, decreased insulin sensitivity or glucose intolerance with first diagnosis during pregnancy. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic screening value of the HbA1c, prevalence of GDM and associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the metabolic clinic; in the department of Biochemistry located at SIMS, Hapur. A semi-structured pretested questionnaire was used for data collection. Following the DIPSI guidelines, patients with plasma glucose values >140 mg/dl were labeled as GDM. Statistical methods used were OR (CI95%), percentage, Chi square. Results: Out of 500, 6.72% had G...

Journal of mid-life health

This study aims to determine the association of dyslipidemia and increased insulin resistance (IR... more This study aims to determine the association of dyslipidemia and increased insulin resistance (IR) with increased breast cancer (BC) risk. The study group comprised 110 premenopausal and 143 postmenopausal, untreated female BC patients in the age range of 29-72 years. Control group consisted of 117 premenopausal and 141 postmenopausal healthy females in the age range of 23-75. Approximately 8-ml blood samples were drawn to measure various biochemical parameters. Serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were measured. Very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) and LDL-C were calculated using Friedewald's formula. Serum insulin and serum CA 15-3 were estimated by immune enzymatic assay. IR was assessed using homeostasis model assessment IR index (HOMA-IR). Clinical variables in the case and control groups were compared using the unpaired Student's -test. The crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence inte...

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences

Introduction:Hypertension is an important worldwide public-health challenge because of its high f... more Introduction:Hypertension is an important worldwide public-health challenge because of its high frequency and concomitant risks of cardiovascular and kidney disease.Hypertension is the new era pandemic which is the leading cause of mortality in the world and is ranked third as a cause of disability-adjusted life years. Various risk factors are implicated in the development of hypertension and there are differences in these risk factors in urban and rural populations depending on the level of development and epidemiological transition. Aims & Objective:The preesent study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and identify & compare some socio-demographic and lifestyle risk factors associated with hypertension in urban and rural populations of Hapur. Materials and methods: It's a community based cross-sectional study in which 300 adults each were randomly selected from urban and rural populations of Hapur using modified cluster sampling method. Selected individuals were examined and interviewed using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Two Blood Pressure readings were recorded using mercury sphygmomanometer in the sitting position and the mean of two was considered for analysis. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS for windows version 8.1. Result:Most of the study population belonged to age group of 20-29 yrs (27.5%) followed by 30-39 yrs (24.5%). 41.2% of the study population was constituted by males and the rest 58.8% by females. Majority of the study population belonged to middle class (58%) followed by upper lower class (18%). The prevalence of hypertension was 21% in the present study, which is comparable to the estimates given by World Health Organization (23%). Around 33.7% of the population had blood pressure in the normal range and 45.3% of the population had pre-hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was 23.7% in the urban areas and 18.3% in the rural areas. This difference was found to be statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The present study identified as risk factors for the development of hypertensionincreasing age, sedentary occupation, higher socioeconomic status, extra salt intake, family history of hypertension, reduced physical activity, tobacco smoking, smokeless tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, BMI ≥ 25 and high waist-hip ratio.

Oncobiology and Targets, 2016

Background and Objective: The incidence of prostate cancer is increasing day by day worldwide. Pr... more Background and Objective: The incidence of prostate cancer is increasing day by day worldwide. Prostate cancer in India is the 10 th most common malignancy affecting men although its incidence is rising in India. This study is designed to the effect of dyslipidemia, altered serum glucose, insulin resistance, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) on the risk of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 150 patients, in which 75 patients were of prostate cancer considered as cases and 75 were healthy individuals as controls. About 8 ml of blood samples was drawn to determine fasting glucose, lipid profile, serum insulin, and serum PSA. Serum glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were measured using enzymatic kits of auto analyzer. Very low-density lipoprotein-C (VLDL-C) and LDL-C were calculated by Friedwald's formula. Serum insulin and serum PSA were estimated by immunoenzymatic assay. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as "weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m 2)". Insulin resistance was assessed by homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and calculated as follows: "fasting glucose (mg/dL) × fasting insulin (mU/mL)/405". Blood pressure was measured in the sitting position after a 10 min resting period. Observation and Results: Clinical variables such as age, BMI, blood pressure, lipid profile, serum glucose, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum PSA in case and control groups were compared using the unpaired Student's t-test. We found that BMI and the level of serum glucose, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum PSA were significantly increased in prostate cancer patients as compared to control. In prostate cancer patients, HDL-C significantly decreased (P < 0.001) while total cholesterol, TG, LDL-C, and VLDL-C were significantly increased (P < 0.001) as compared to control group. Conclusion: This study has shown significant association of high BMI, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and PSA with prostate cancer.

Journal of Laboratory Physicians, 2017

Background: Storage of serum and other blood products is often necessary in laboratories because ... more Background: Storage of serum and other blood products is often necessary in laboratories because of technical issues or to preserve samples for subsequent research purposes. The aim of this study was to determine whether the stability of biochemical analytes is affected by storage conditions. Materials and Methods: A total of 17 biochemical analytes in the sera of ten patients were examined following storage. Subsequent to determining the baseline measurements, the serum of each patient was aliquoted and stored at −20°C for 7, 15, and 30 days and then analyzed for stability. The results were compared with the initial analysis measurements obtained from fresh samples. Mean changes compared to baseline (T0) concentrations were evaluated both statistically and clinically. Results: Our results show that sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine, uric acid, total calcium, phosphorus, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, ...

International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2016

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming a serious health problem; the number of peop... more Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming a serious health problem; the number of people with impaired renal function is rapidly rising. Progression of CKD is associated with having a number of complications, including thyroid dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate thyroid function and lipid profile in patients with CKD. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 90 patients with CKD at Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur (U.P.). Demographic features (age and sex) and medical history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases of each patient were noted, and blood samples (5 mL) were analyzed for serum urea, creatinine, glucose, free triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride. Results: Thyroid dysfunction was found in 38.6% patients with CKD, the most common being subclinical hypothyroidism (27.2%), followed by overt hypothyroidism (8.1%), and subclinical hyperthyroidism (3.3%). Hypercholesterolemia, low HDL cholesterol, undesirable LDL cholesterol, and hypertriglyceridemia were observed in 34.4%, 34.1%, 35% and 36.6% patients, respectively. Patients with CKD withstages 4 and 5 had significantly higher risk of having thyroid dysfunction as compared to patients with stage 3. Significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with CKD included the presence of diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, undesirable LDL cholesterol, and being in stages 4 and 5 (as compared to stage 3). Conclusions: Thyroid dysfunction, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL cholesterol, undesirable LDL cholesterol, and hypertriglyceridemia were common in patients with CKD. Progression of CKD was accompanied by rise in hypothyroidism and cardiovascular disease.

Defence Life Science Journal, 2016

INTRODUCTION Jatropha curcas commonly known as physic nut belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family. It... more INTRODUCTION Jatropha curcas commonly known as physic nut belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family. It is a hardy plant, thrives on degraded land and requires limited amounts of nutrients and water. The seeds contain about 300-350 gm/kg oil, which can be used as a fuel directly or in its trans esterified form, as a substitute for diesel. The proportions of shell and kernel range from 350 to 400 gm/kg and from 600 to 650 gm/kg, respectively. The seed weighs about 0.75 g and the kernel contains protein and lipid contents of 27-32% and 58-60%, respectively 1. The toxic component was isolated from the seeds of Jatropha curcas by Felke 2 and was designated as curcin, Barbieri 3 reported that curcin was type I RIP i.e. ribosome inactivating protein. Curcin is a Type I RIP with a molecular weight of about 28.2 kDa, which strongly inhibits the protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysate system with an IC 50 value of about (0.19±0.01 nMol/L). Beside curcin, the seed contain phorbol ester, trypsin inhibitor, saponin, lectin, HCN, alkaloids and resin etc which prevent it's use as feed for animal. Jatropha curcas seeds are highly toxic to a number of animal species. The toxicity is ascribed to the presence of phorbol esters. Other antinutrients present in high amounts in the seed are trypsin inhibitor, lectin, saponins, HCN, alkaloids, resin and phytate. In addition to the presence

Journal of Health Research and Reviews, 2016

Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology, 2016

Background and Objective: Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of microvascular chronic ... more Background and Objective: Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of microvascular chronic complication of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) may result from diabetes mellitus (34%), hypertension (29%), glomerulonephritis (14%), and others (23%). The present study was undertaken to explore the possibility of the serum cystatin C level as a marker of early renal impairment in T2DM patient. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 75 patients of T2DM and 75 healthy individuals were included as control in this study. After 12 h fasting, 8 mL venous blood sample was collected and allowed to clot for ΍ h and serum was separated. Lipid profile and cystatin C level of serum were measured by using commercially available kit of auto analyzer. Results: The level of serum cystatin C was significantly increased in T2DM patients as compared to control. In T2DM patients, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased (P < 0.001), while other parameters of lipid profile were significantly increased (P < 0.001) as compared to control group. Conclusion: Present study suggests that cystatin C measurement in serum is a useful, practical, noninvasive tool for the evaluation of renal involvement in the course of diabetes, especially patients, and the study also shows significant lipoprotein abnormalities in T2DM patients when compared to control.