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Research paper thumbnail of Do interventions on defending behaviour work in different countries? Cross-national findings from the GATEBULL project Intervention Phase

The British Psychological Society Developmental Psychology Section Annual Conference 2021, Sep 15, 2021

Background: Prejudice based bullying has dramatically increased in recent years across the world.... more Background: Prejudice based bullying has dramatically increased in recent years across the world. The EU funded GATE BULL project, building on literature on bystander intervention in bullying and theories on intergroup contact and intergroup relations, consists in a serious game, classroom lesson plan and teachers' training to encourage defending behaviour in weight-, ethnicity-, and religionbased bullying situations. Methods: The GATEBULL intervention consisted in a 4-week school-based programme to encourage bystander intervention in weight-, ethnicity-, and religion-based bullying situations, targeting five hundreds and seventy eight 9-13-year-olds pupils from The Netherlands, Scotland and Greece. In the quasi-experimental designed study, participants were asked pre and post intervention to fill in scales of self-efficacy, intention to intervene, intergroup anxiety and attitudes, moral disengagement, and peer norms. Findings: In the Netherlands young participants in the 'intervention' group reported more positive peer norms; minority group children reported to be significantly more confident to defend other minority group children; and majority group children declared to be significantly less anxious towards Muslim children. In Scotland, participants reported higher intention to defend overweight children. In Greece, we did not find any significant effect due to this intervention. Discussion: The intervention had a relevant impact on factors affecting bystander behaviour. However, stronger results emerged in The Netherlands in which mixedethnicity rather than mainly majority-ethnic group schools participated in the intervention. Strengths and limitations of conducting cross-national research on the GATEBULL intervention will be considered and future direction of investigation will be suggested.

Research paper thumbnail of Tackling Bias Based Bullying in Young Children Using a Serious Game Approach Results from the Gate Bull Project

35th Annual Conference of the European Health Psychology Society, Aug 23, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Using a Games Approach to Teach Children About Discriminatory Bullying (GATE_BULL). Intellectual Output 1 Report to European Commission: Determinants of Involvement in Prejudice-based Bullying Situations and Bystander Intervention

Research paper thumbnail of Predictors of prejudice - based bullying and defending behaviour: gatebull project’s findings from four European countries

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of defending in prejudice-based bullying situations: findings from the GATE-BULL project

This symposium, with work from scholars from 5 different countries, looks at how (cyber)bullying ... more This symposium, with work from scholars from 5 different countries, looks at how (cyber)bullying can be addressed adequately. The first paper reports the results of an explorative, qualitative study amongst Swedish high school students. This study reveals that these students consider the creation of supportive environments and the promotion of internet literacy, as key elements to cultivate resilience among younger students. These two elements are further reflected upon in the other contributions. Paper two, for instance, reports the results of a study on the effectiveness of the Italian school-based program NoTrap!, which is based on peer-led approaches to prevent and combat (cyber-)bullying. This paper pays particular attention to factors that moderate the program’s effectiveness (e.g. in promoting resilience). Paper three focuses on the important role of bystanders, especially in the case of bias-based bullying, and looks at the potential of technological tools (i.e. a game) to p...

Research paper thumbnail of Go for Less

effect of feedback and goal setting on household energy and water consumption

Research paper thumbnail of Perceived Manifestations of Bullying Behaviour in Social Interactions in School Environment

The paper provides insight into social interactions among primary school pupils in Slovakia focus... more The paper provides insight into social interactions among primary school pupils in Slovakia focused on manifestations of bullying behaviour. The study was conducted in the sample of 289 pupils with an average age of 10.6 years. Peer interactions are very important for the child’s psychosocial development and are of a key importance in the period of adolescence. As many studies from the area of ontogenetic psychology state (for example: Macek, 2013; Santrock, 2013; Di Clemente, 2009), in the period of adolescence individuals start to intensively perceive what their peers think about them and how they perceive them. They need to be a part of peer social groups, have their status in them, and feel they are accepted by others. In this period, there are many changes in the areas of relationships and perceptions of authorities, and adolescents build their own social status in various spheres of life. The developmental role of the period of adolescence is formation of one’s identity. The d...

Research paper thumbnail of Jacobs, N.C.L., Goossens, L., Völlink, T., & Dehue, F. (2013). Cyberpesten: een nieuwe vorm van pesten? De Psycholoog, 48,11

Research paper thumbnail of Pesten op het werk: de relatie met gezondheid en verzuim en de rol van coping

Gedrag & Organisatie, 2009

Bullying at work: the relation with health en absenteeism and the role of coping Bullying at work... more Bullying at work: the relation with health en absenteeism and the role of coping Bullying at work: the relation with health en absenteeism and the role of coping F. Dehue, C. Bolman, T. Völlink & M. Pouwelse, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 20, June 2009, nr. 2, pp. 97-117 In this study, the influence of coping on the relation between bullying experiences at work and health complaints and absenteeism has been investigated. One thousand randomly chosen employees received a questionnaire which was completed and returned by 361 employees. Results revealed that 139 employees (39%) were bullied at least once a month and 64 employees (18%) at least once a week on at least one of the bullying experiences listed in the questionnaire. Employees who have been bullied weekly, report more health complaints and were absent during more days than employees who have been bullied monthly or who have not been bullied at all. They are also more often inclined to compensate as a means of coping with probl...

Research paper thumbnail of Perceived Manifestations of Bullying Behaviour in Social Interactions in School Environment

Proceedings of ICERI2018 Conference 12th-14th November 2018, Seville, Spain, 2018

The paper provides insight into social interactions among primary school pupils in Slovakia focus... more The paper provides insight into social interactions among primary school pupils in Slovakia focused on manifestations of bullying behaviour. The study was conducted in the sample of 289 pupils with an average age of 10.6 years. Peer interactions are very important for the child's psychosocial development and are of a key importance in the period of adolescence. As many studies from the area of ontogenetic psychology state (for example: Macek, 2013; Santrock, 2013; Di Clemente, 2009), in the period of adolescence individuals start to intensively perceive what their peers think about them and how they perceive them. They need to be a part of peer social groups, have their status in them, and feel they are accepted by others. In this period, there are many changes in the areas of relationships and perceptions of authorities, and adolescents build their own social status in various spheres of life. The developmental role of the period of adolescence is formation of one's identit...

Research paper thumbnail of Diffusion of technological innovations: promoting the large-scale use of technology

Page 1. Chapter 17 DIFFUSION OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS: Promoting the Large-Scale Use of Techn... more Page 1. Chapter 17 DIFFUSION OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS: Promoting the Large-Scale Use of Technology Trijntje Vöffink, Ree M. Meertens and Cees JH Midden 1. INTRODUCTION This paper discusses the interaction ...

Research paper thumbnail of Psychological determinants of pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain: a prospective cohort study

Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 2013

Objective. To study whether pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain outcomes at 36 weeks of gestation ... more Objective. To study whether pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain outcomes at 36 weeks of gestation can be predicted by psychological determinants earlier in pregnancy. Design. Prospective cohort study. Setting. Nine midwifery practices in different regions of the Netherlands. Population. A cohort of 223 low-risk pregnant women in the Netherlands was followed from week 12 of gestation until 36 weeks of gestation. Methods. Both psychological determinants and lumbopelvic pain symptoms were investigated with a set of questionnaires at 12, 24 and 36 weeks of gestation. Psychological determinants were measured with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90), the Pregnancy-related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ), and the Utrecht Coping List (UCL). Lumbopelvic pain outcomes were measured with the Pregnancy Mobility Index (PMI) and the Overall Complaints Index (OCI). Main outcome measures. Lumbopelvic pain symptoms and their impact at 36 weeks of gestation. Results. There was a significant increase in scores on both the PMI and OCI across the three sampling occasions in pregnancy. Lumbopelvic pain outcomes showed significant associations with the psychological determinants perceived stress and recently perceived psychological and physical distress at all three times during pregnancy. Pregnancy-related anxiety was not a significant predictor of lumbopelvic pain outcomes, neither was coping. Conclusions. Lumbopelvic pain symptoms and their impact on daily activities at 36 weeks of gestation can be predicted by psychological determinants earlier in pregnancy; the combination of perceived stress and physical disability at 24 weeks of pregnancy seems to be the best predictor of disability in later pregnancy.

Research paper thumbnail of Utrecht Coping List for Adolescents--Adapted

Research paper thumbnail of The relationships between Victimization, Neighbourhood Disorder and Depressive Symptoms

Research paper thumbnail of Cyberpesten: wat doen kinderen en wat weten ouders?

Research paper thumbnail of The Relations between Personality Traits, Bullying at Work, Health Complaints and Absenteeism

Aim: Bullying and harassment at work is widespread and could have negative effects on both the vi... more Aim: Bullying and harassment at work is widespread and could have negative effects on both the victims and the organizations in which it occurs. Literature about the influence of the personality of the victims on health outcomes is scarce. Starting from the Michigan Stress Model (Caplan, Cobb, French, Pinneau, & Van Harison, 1975), we investigated the relationships between the Big Five personality traits, being bullied at work, physical health complaints and absenteeism. Bullying is defined in this paper as the repeated, systematic, intentional negative behavior of one or more individuals directed at another individual (Olweus,1993). A distinction was made between person-related bullying, e.g. giving names, insulting and gossiping, and work-related bullying, e.g. giving unreasonable deadlines or too much or too few work. We expected victimization to have a significant positive relationship with health complaints and absenteeism. Personal traits were assumed to moderate both relation...

Research paper thumbnail of The Development of a Self-Report Questionnaire on Coping with Cyberbullying: The Cyberbullying Coping Questionnaire

Societies, 2015

The negative effects and the continuation of cyberbullying seem to depend on the coping strategie... more The negative effects and the continuation of cyberbullying seem to depend on the coping strategies the victims use. To assess their coping strategies, self-report questionnaires (SRQs) are used. However, these SRQs are often subject to several shortcomings: the (single and topological) categorizations used in SRQs do not always adequately differentiate among various coping responses, in addition the strategies of general SRQs fail to accurately measure coping with cyberbullying. This study is therefore aimed to develop a SRQ that specifically measures coping with cyberbullying (i.e., Cyberbullying Coping Questionnaire; CCQ) and to discover whether other, not single and topological, categorizations of coping strategies can be found. Based on previous SRQs used in the (cyber)bullying (i.e., traditional and cyberbullying) literature (i.e., 49 studies were found with three different SRQs measuring coping with traditional bullying, cyberbullying or (cyber)bullying) items and categorizations were selected, compared and merged into a new questionnaire. In compliance with recommendations from the classical test-theory, a principal component analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis were done, and a final model was constructed. Seventeen items loaded onto four different coping categorizations: mental-, passive-, social-, and confrontational-coping. The CCQ appeared to have good internal consistency, acceptable test-retest reliability, good discriminant validity and the development of the CCQ fulfilled many of the recommendations from classical test-theory. The CCQ omits working in single and topological categorizations and measures cognitive, behavioral, approach and avoidance strategies.

Research paper thumbnail of Technological innovations and the promotion of energy conservation

User Behavior and Technology Development, 2006

Page 1. © 2006 Springer. Chapter 14 TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS AND THE The Case of Goal-Setting an... more Page 1. © 2006 Springer. Chapter 14 TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS AND THE The Case of Goal-Setting and Feedback Trijntje Völlink and Ree M. Meertens 1. INTRODUCTION One of the most complex, and difficult to solve ...

Research paper thumbnail of Dutch Cyberbullying Victims’ Experiences, Perceptions, Attitudes and Motivations Related to (Coping with) Cyberbullying: Focus Group Interviews

Societies, 2015

Because of the negative effects of cyberbullying; and because of its unique characteristics; inte... more Because of the negative effects of cyberbullying; and because of its unique characteristics; interventions to stop cyberbullying are needed. For this purpose, more insightful information is needed about cyberbullying victims' (i.e., the target group) experiences, perceptions, attitudes and motivations related to (coping with) cyberbullying. Five schools with 66 low-educated Dutch adolescents between 12 and 15 (53% female) participated in 10 focus group interviews. Results show that victims do not perceive all behaviors as cyberbullying and traditional bullying is generally perceived as worse than cyberbullying. Cyberbullies are perceived as sad, cowards and embarrassing themselves. Victims are perceived as easy targets; they wear strange clothes, act in a provocative manner and have a bad appearance. These perceptions often depend on context, the level of anonymity, being in a fight or not, the person sending the message and his/her behavior. Further, victims reacted to cyberbullying by acting nonchalant, by not actually saying anything and seeking help from others (i.e., parents are not often asked for help because they do not want to bother them; fear of restricted Internet privileges). It can be concluded that asking cyberbullying victims about their experiences in an open manner, and allowing them to discuss these experiences, likely results in new and insightful information compared to using self-reports. In this questioning the perception of adolescents is key to see what is perceived as cyberbullying.

Research paper thumbnail of Dutch Cyberbullying Victims’ Experiences, Perceptions, Attitudes and Motivations Related to (Coping with) Cyberbullying: Focus Group Interviews

Because of the negative effects of cyberbullying; and because of its unique characteristics; inte... more Because of the negative effects of cyberbullying; and because of its unique characteristics; interventions to stop cyberbullying are needed. For this purpose, more insightful information is needed about cyberbullying victims' (i.e., the target group) experiences, perceptions, attitudes and motivations related to (coping with) cyberbullying. Five schools with 66 low-educated Dutch adolescents between 12 and 15 (53% female) participated in 10 focus group interviews. Results show that victims do not perceive all behaviors as cyberbullying and traditional bullying is generally perceived as worse than cyberbullying. Cyberbullies are perceived as sad, cowards and embarrassing themselves. Victims are perceived as easy targets; they wear strange clothes, act in a provocative manner and have a bad appearance. These perceptions often depend on context, the level of anonymity, being in a fight or not, the person sending the message and his/her behavior. Further, victims reacted to cyberbullying by acting nonchalant, by not actually saying anything and seeking help from others (i.e., parents are not often asked for help because they do not want to bother them; fear of restricted Internet privileges). It can be concluded that asking cyberbullying victims about their experiences in an open manner, and allowing them to discuss these experiences, likely results in new and insightful information compared to using self-reports. In this questioning the perception of adolescents is key to see what is perceived as cyberbullying.

Research paper thumbnail of Do interventions on defending behaviour work in different countries? Cross-national findings from the GATEBULL project Intervention Phase

The British Psychological Society Developmental Psychology Section Annual Conference 2021, Sep 15, 2021

Background: Prejudice based bullying has dramatically increased in recent years across the world.... more Background: Prejudice based bullying has dramatically increased in recent years across the world. The EU funded GATE BULL project, building on literature on bystander intervention in bullying and theories on intergroup contact and intergroup relations, consists in a serious game, classroom lesson plan and teachers' training to encourage defending behaviour in weight-, ethnicity-, and religionbased bullying situations. Methods: The GATEBULL intervention consisted in a 4-week school-based programme to encourage bystander intervention in weight-, ethnicity-, and religion-based bullying situations, targeting five hundreds and seventy eight 9-13-year-olds pupils from The Netherlands, Scotland and Greece. In the quasi-experimental designed study, participants were asked pre and post intervention to fill in scales of self-efficacy, intention to intervene, intergroup anxiety and attitudes, moral disengagement, and peer norms. Findings: In the Netherlands young participants in the 'intervention' group reported more positive peer norms; minority group children reported to be significantly more confident to defend other minority group children; and majority group children declared to be significantly less anxious towards Muslim children. In Scotland, participants reported higher intention to defend overweight children. In Greece, we did not find any significant effect due to this intervention. Discussion: The intervention had a relevant impact on factors affecting bystander behaviour. However, stronger results emerged in The Netherlands in which mixedethnicity rather than mainly majority-ethnic group schools participated in the intervention. Strengths and limitations of conducting cross-national research on the GATEBULL intervention will be considered and future direction of investigation will be suggested.

Research paper thumbnail of Tackling Bias Based Bullying in Young Children Using a Serious Game Approach Results from the Gate Bull Project

35th Annual Conference of the European Health Psychology Society, Aug 23, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Using a Games Approach to Teach Children About Discriminatory Bullying (GATE_BULL). Intellectual Output 1 Report to European Commission: Determinants of Involvement in Prejudice-based Bullying Situations and Bystander Intervention

Research paper thumbnail of Predictors of prejudice - based bullying and defending behaviour: gatebull project’s findings from four European countries

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of defending in prejudice-based bullying situations: findings from the GATE-BULL project

This symposium, with work from scholars from 5 different countries, looks at how (cyber)bullying ... more This symposium, with work from scholars from 5 different countries, looks at how (cyber)bullying can be addressed adequately. The first paper reports the results of an explorative, qualitative study amongst Swedish high school students. This study reveals that these students consider the creation of supportive environments and the promotion of internet literacy, as key elements to cultivate resilience among younger students. These two elements are further reflected upon in the other contributions. Paper two, for instance, reports the results of a study on the effectiveness of the Italian school-based program NoTrap!, which is based on peer-led approaches to prevent and combat (cyber-)bullying. This paper pays particular attention to factors that moderate the program’s effectiveness (e.g. in promoting resilience). Paper three focuses on the important role of bystanders, especially in the case of bias-based bullying, and looks at the potential of technological tools (i.e. a game) to p...

Research paper thumbnail of Go for Less

effect of feedback and goal setting on household energy and water consumption

Research paper thumbnail of Perceived Manifestations of Bullying Behaviour in Social Interactions in School Environment

The paper provides insight into social interactions among primary school pupils in Slovakia focus... more The paper provides insight into social interactions among primary school pupils in Slovakia focused on manifestations of bullying behaviour. The study was conducted in the sample of 289 pupils with an average age of 10.6 years. Peer interactions are very important for the child’s psychosocial development and are of a key importance in the period of adolescence. As many studies from the area of ontogenetic psychology state (for example: Macek, 2013; Santrock, 2013; Di Clemente, 2009), in the period of adolescence individuals start to intensively perceive what their peers think about them and how they perceive them. They need to be a part of peer social groups, have their status in them, and feel they are accepted by others. In this period, there are many changes in the areas of relationships and perceptions of authorities, and adolescents build their own social status in various spheres of life. The developmental role of the period of adolescence is formation of one’s identity. The d...

Research paper thumbnail of Jacobs, N.C.L., Goossens, L., Völlink, T., & Dehue, F. (2013). Cyberpesten: een nieuwe vorm van pesten? De Psycholoog, 48,11

Research paper thumbnail of Pesten op het werk: de relatie met gezondheid en verzuim en de rol van coping

Gedrag & Organisatie, 2009

Bullying at work: the relation with health en absenteeism and the role of coping Bullying at work... more Bullying at work: the relation with health en absenteeism and the role of coping Bullying at work: the relation with health en absenteeism and the role of coping F. Dehue, C. Bolman, T. Völlink & M. Pouwelse, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 20, June 2009, nr. 2, pp. 97-117 In this study, the influence of coping on the relation between bullying experiences at work and health complaints and absenteeism has been investigated. One thousand randomly chosen employees received a questionnaire which was completed and returned by 361 employees. Results revealed that 139 employees (39%) were bullied at least once a month and 64 employees (18%) at least once a week on at least one of the bullying experiences listed in the questionnaire. Employees who have been bullied weekly, report more health complaints and were absent during more days than employees who have been bullied monthly or who have not been bullied at all. They are also more often inclined to compensate as a means of coping with probl...

Research paper thumbnail of Perceived Manifestations of Bullying Behaviour in Social Interactions in School Environment

Proceedings of ICERI2018 Conference 12th-14th November 2018, Seville, Spain, 2018

The paper provides insight into social interactions among primary school pupils in Slovakia focus... more The paper provides insight into social interactions among primary school pupils in Slovakia focused on manifestations of bullying behaviour. The study was conducted in the sample of 289 pupils with an average age of 10.6 years. Peer interactions are very important for the child's psychosocial development and are of a key importance in the period of adolescence. As many studies from the area of ontogenetic psychology state (for example: Macek, 2013; Santrock, 2013; Di Clemente, 2009), in the period of adolescence individuals start to intensively perceive what their peers think about them and how they perceive them. They need to be a part of peer social groups, have their status in them, and feel they are accepted by others. In this period, there are many changes in the areas of relationships and perceptions of authorities, and adolescents build their own social status in various spheres of life. The developmental role of the period of adolescence is formation of one's identit...

Research paper thumbnail of Diffusion of technological innovations: promoting the large-scale use of technology

Page 1. Chapter 17 DIFFUSION OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS: Promoting the Large-Scale Use of Techn... more Page 1. Chapter 17 DIFFUSION OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS: Promoting the Large-Scale Use of Technology Trijntje Vöffink, Ree M. Meertens and Cees JH Midden 1. INTRODUCTION This paper discusses the interaction ...

Research paper thumbnail of Psychological determinants of pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain: a prospective cohort study

Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 2013

Objective. To study whether pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain outcomes at 36 weeks of gestation ... more Objective. To study whether pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain outcomes at 36 weeks of gestation can be predicted by psychological determinants earlier in pregnancy. Design. Prospective cohort study. Setting. Nine midwifery practices in different regions of the Netherlands. Population. A cohort of 223 low-risk pregnant women in the Netherlands was followed from week 12 of gestation until 36 weeks of gestation. Methods. Both psychological determinants and lumbopelvic pain symptoms were investigated with a set of questionnaires at 12, 24 and 36 weeks of gestation. Psychological determinants were measured with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90), the Pregnancy-related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ), and the Utrecht Coping List (UCL). Lumbopelvic pain outcomes were measured with the Pregnancy Mobility Index (PMI) and the Overall Complaints Index (OCI). Main outcome measures. Lumbopelvic pain symptoms and their impact at 36 weeks of gestation. Results. There was a significant increase in scores on both the PMI and OCI across the three sampling occasions in pregnancy. Lumbopelvic pain outcomes showed significant associations with the psychological determinants perceived stress and recently perceived psychological and physical distress at all three times during pregnancy. Pregnancy-related anxiety was not a significant predictor of lumbopelvic pain outcomes, neither was coping. Conclusions. Lumbopelvic pain symptoms and their impact on daily activities at 36 weeks of gestation can be predicted by psychological determinants earlier in pregnancy; the combination of perceived stress and physical disability at 24 weeks of pregnancy seems to be the best predictor of disability in later pregnancy.

Research paper thumbnail of Utrecht Coping List for Adolescents--Adapted

Research paper thumbnail of The relationships between Victimization, Neighbourhood Disorder and Depressive Symptoms

Research paper thumbnail of Cyberpesten: wat doen kinderen en wat weten ouders?

Research paper thumbnail of The Relations between Personality Traits, Bullying at Work, Health Complaints and Absenteeism

Aim: Bullying and harassment at work is widespread and could have negative effects on both the vi... more Aim: Bullying and harassment at work is widespread and could have negative effects on both the victims and the organizations in which it occurs. Literature about the influence of the personality of the victims on health outcomes is scarce. Starting from the Michigan Stress Model (Caplan, Cobb, French, Pinneau, & Van Harison, 1975), we investigated the relationships between the Big Five personality traits, being bullied at work, physical health complaints and absenteeism. Bullying is defined in this paper as the repeated, systematic, intentional negative behavior of one or more individuals directed at another individual (Olweus,1993). A distinction was made between person-related bullying, e.g. giving names, insulting and gossiping, and work-related bullying, e.g. giving unreasonable deadlines or too much or too few work. We expected victimization to have a significant positive relationship with health complaints and absenteeism. Personal traits were assumed to moderate both relation...

Research paper thumbnail of The Development of a Self-Report Questionnaire on Coping with Cyberbullying: The Cyberbullying Coping Questionnaire

Societies, 2015

The negative effects and the continuation of cyberbullying seem to depend on the coping strategie... more The negative effects and the continuation of cyberbullying seem to depend on the coping strategies the victims use. To assess their coping strategies, self-report questionnaires (SRQs) are used. However, these SRQs are often subject to several shortcomings: the (single and topological) categorizations used in SRQs do not always adequately differentiate among various coping responses, in addition the strategies of general SRQs fail to accurately measure coping with cyberbullying. This study is therefore aimed to develop a SRQ that specifically measures coping with cyberbullying (i.e., Cyberbullying Coping Questionnaire; CCQ) and to discover whether other, not single and topological, categorizations of coping strategies can be found. Based on previous SRQs used in the (cyber)bullying (i.e., traditional and cyberbullying) literature (i.e., 49 studies were found with three different SRQs measuring coping with traditional bullying, cyberbullying or (cyber)bullying) items and categorizations were selected, compared and merged into a new questionnaire. In compliance with recommendations from the classical test-theory, a principal component analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis were done, and a final model was constructed. Seventeen items loaded onto four different coping categorizations: mental-, passive-, social-, and confrontational-coping. The CCQ appeared to have good internal consistency, acceptable test-retest reliability, good discriminant validity and the development of the CCQ fulfilled many of the recommendations from classical test-theory. The CCQ omits working in single and topological categorizations and measures cognitive, behavioral, approach and avoidance strategies.

Research paper thumbnail of Technological innovations and the promotion of energy conservation

User Behavior and Technology Development, 2006

Page 1. © 2006 Springer. Chapter 14 TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS AND THE The Case of Goal-Setting an... more Page 1. © 2006 Springer. Chapter 14 TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS AND THE The Case of Goal-Setting and Feedback Trijntje Völlink and Ree M. Meertens 1. INTRODUCTION One of the most complex, and difficult to solve ...

Research paper thumbnail of Dutch Cyberbullying Victims’ Experiences, Perceptions, Attitudes and Motivations Related to (Coping with) Cyberbullying: Focus Group Interviews

Societies, 2015

Because of the negative effects of cyberbullying; and because of its unique characteristics; inte... more Because of the negative effects of cyberbullying; and because of its unique characteristics; interventions to stop cyberbullying are needed. For this purpose, more insightful information is needed about cyberbullying victims' (i.e., the target group) experiences, perceptions, attitudes and motivations related to (coping with) cyberbullying. Five schools with 66 low-educated Dutch adolescents between 12 and 15 (53% female) participated in 10 focus group interviews. Results show that victims do not perceive all behaviors as cyberbullying and traditional bullying is generally perceived as worse than cyberbullying. Cyberbullies are perceived as sad, cowards and embarrassing themselves. Victims are perceived as easy targets; they wear strange clothes, act in a provocative manner and have a bad appearance. These perceptions often depend on context, the level of anonymity, being in a fight or not, the person sending the message and his/her behavior. Further, victims reacted to cyberbullying by acting nonchalant, by not actually saying anything and seeking help from others (i.e., parents are not often asked for help because they do not want to bother them; fear of restricted Internet privileges). It can be concluded that asking cyberbullying victims about their experiences in an open manner, and allowing them to discuss these experiences, likely results in new and insightful information compared to using self-reports. In this questioning the perception of adolescents is key to see what is perceived as cyberbullying.

Research paper thumbnail of Dutch Cyberbullying Victims’ Experiences, Perceptions, Attitudes and Motivations Related to (Coping with) Cyberbullying: Focus Group Interviews

Because of the negative effects of cyberbullying; and because of its unique characteristics; inte... more Because of the negative effects of cyberbullying; and because of its unique characteristics; interventions to stop cyberbullying are needed. For this purpose, more insightful information is needed about cyberbullying victims' (i.e., the target group) experiences, perceptions, attitudes and motivations related to (coping with) cyberbullying. Five schools with 66 low-educated Dutch adolescents between 12 and 15 (53% female) participated in 10 focus group interviews. Results show that victims do not perceive all behaviors as cyberbullying and traditional bullying is generally perceived as worse than cyberbullying. Cyberbullies are perceived as sad, cowards and embarrassing themselves. Victims are perceived as easy targets; they wear strange clothes, act in a provocative manner and have a bad appearance. These perceptions often depend on context, the level of anonymity, being in a fight or not, the person sending the message and his/her behavior. Further, victims reacted to cyberbullying by acting nonchalant, by not actually saying anything and seeking help from others (i.e., parents are not often asked for help because they do not want to bother them; fear of restricted Internet privileges). It can be concluded that asking cyberbullying victims about their experiences in an open manner, and allowing them to discuss these experiences, likely results in new and insightful information compared to using self-reports. In this questioning the perception of adolescents is key to see what is perceived as cyberbullying.