Lovro Kralj | Central European University (original) (raw)

Papers by Lovro Kralj

Research paper thumbnail of A Microcosmos of Fascism in the Age of Genocide

SIMON, 2022

By combining microhistorical and regional approaches with theoretical findings from fascism, Holo... more By combining microhistorical and regional approaches with theoretical findings from fascism, Holocaust, and genocide studies, this chapter examines the interaction between the Nazi, Ustaša and Arrow Cross movements in the city of Osijek. By analyzing the ideologies and praxis of the three fascist movements, this paper demonstrates that the future they wanted to build remained vague, contested, and contradictory despite many shared goals and enemies. Instead of bringing the three fascist movements together, antisemitism became a tool of competitive nation-building which contributed to the failure to create a genuinely transnational fascist front in a single city. Determining the pace of genocidal destruction became an instrument in the competitive fascist-elite-building. By relying on the concept of "genocidal consolidation", this chapter argues that the Holocaust in Osijek became one of the primary means in the attempted consolidation of power by one fascist group at the expense of the other. Attempts to neutralize rival fascist elites in the struggle for political dominance on the regional level brought unintended consequences of significantly delaying the deportations of Jews of Osijek compared to the cities in the Independent State of Croatia.

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Research paper thumbnail of Populism, memory politics and the Ustaša movement 1945-2020

Memory Politics and Populism in Southeastern Europe, 2021

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Research paper thumbnail of Nationalism and Terror: Ante Pavelić and Ustasha Terrorism from Fascism to the Cold War, written by Pino Adriano and Giorgio Cingolani

Southeastern Europe

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Research paper thumbnail of Photography, Collaboration and the Holocaust: Looking at the Independent State of Croatia (1941-1945) through the Frame of the 'Hooded Man

Journal of Perpetrator Research

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Research paper thumbnail of Kralj_The Evolution of Ustasha Mass Violence

Fascist Warfare, 1922-1945: Aggression, Occupation, Annihilation, 2019

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Research paper thumbnail of The Rise and Fall of the Independent State of Croatia in the Memoirs and Testimonies of the Ustasha Members

History in Flux, 2019

This article examines the defeat of the Ustasha movement and its impact on the way the members of... more This article examines the defeat of the Ustasha movement and its impact on the way the members of the Croatian fascist movement represented themselves through memoirs and testimonies after the Second World War. The current historiography dealing with the Ustasha movement remains
largely detached from the contemporary approaches derived from memory studies, which has resulted in existing research gaps related to questions of how, and why, the Ustashe remember their wartime activities. This paper is based on the analysis of 23 Ustasha memory sources; 11 testimonies and 12 memoirs. It examines differences between Ustasha testimonies given in Yugoslav detention, and memoirs which were written by the Ustashe who managed to emigrate to other countries. Significant discrepancy in the narratives and structure presented in the source material is attributed to the different circumstances in which they were written, the expected audience and the variegated experiences of defeat the Ustasha members went through.

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Research paper thumbnail of Photography, Collaboration and the Holocaust in Croatia

Journal of Perpetrator Studies, 2019

Article problematises the uses and abuses of the Hitler-Pavelić meeting photograph taken at Bergh... more Article problematises the uses and abuses of the Hitler-Pavelić meeting photograph taken at Berghof in June 1941. In a polemical tone, within the framework of a roundtable discussion on perpetrator photography, the article argues that in its current popular usage, the Hitler-Pavelić image hides more historical facts than the ones it reveals.

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Research paper thumbnail of Lovro Kralj. "Paving the Road to Death: Antisemitism in the Ustasha Movement (1929-1945)" (project summary)

Right-Wing Politics and the Rise of Antisemitism in Europe 1935-1941, 2019

Summary of a dissertation project titled "Paving the Road to Death: Antisemitism in the Ustasha M... more Summary of a dissertation project titled "Paving the Road to Death: Antisemitism in the Ustasha Movement 1929-1945." published in Frank Bajohr, Dieter Pohl, eds. Right-Wing Politics and the Rise of Antisemitism in Europe 1935-1941 (Wallstein Verlag, 2019): 233-239.

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Reviews by Lovro Kralj

Research paper thumbnail of Review of Pino Adriano and Giorgio Cingolani. Nationalism and Terror: Ante Pavelić and Ustasha Terrorism from Fascism to the Cold War (Budapest, Hungary & New York, usa: Central European University Press, 2018)

Southeastern Europe, 2019

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Research paper thumbnail of Conference Report: 23rd Workshop on the History and Memory of National Socialist Camps and Extermination Sites Between Absence and Affirmation (Thessaloniki 2019)

H-Soz-Kult, 2019

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Research paper thumbnail of Historiography of the Ustasha Movement: Review Max Bergholz and Ivo,Slavko Goldstein.pdf

This essay reviews recent developments in the historiography of the Ustasha movement through the ... more This essay reviews recent developments in the historiography of the Ustasha movement through the prism of two recently published studies: Bergholz, Max: Violence as a Generative Force. Identity, Nationalism, and Memory in a Balkan Community. Ithaka: Cornell University Press 2016. ISBN: 978-1-5017-0492-5; 464 p. and Goldstein, Ivo; Goldstein, Slavko: The Holo- caust in Croatia. Pittsburgh: University of Pitts- burgh Press 2016. ISBN: 9780822944515; VII, 728 p.

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Research paper thumbnail of Prikaz Knjige_Nevenko Bartulin_The Racial Idea in the Independent State of Croatia

Nevenko BARTULIN, The Racial Idea in the Independent State of Croatia: Origins and Theory, Leiden... more Nevenko BARTULIN, The Racial Idea in the Independent State of Croatia: Origins and Theory, Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2014., 244. str. Suvremena transnacionalna historiografija uglavnom tretira fašizam, rasizam i holokaust kao isprepletenu povijest. Taj pristup bazira se na stavu da povijest jednog od ovih fenomena nije u potpunosti moguće objasniti bez uzimanja u obzir paralelnog razvoja druga dva. Hrvatska je historiografija uvelike ostala distancirana od ovih diskusija na međunarodnoj razini, a tome svjedoči nerazmjerno mali broj publikacije radova na engleskom jeziku o povijesti ustaškog pokreta i holokausta u Hrvatskoj, u odnosu na količinu literature objavljene na hrvatskom jeziku. Upravo je zbog toga važna nova knjiga Nevenka Bartulina pod naslovom The Racial Idea in the Independent State of Croatia: Origins and Theory, koja je objavljena u izdanju prestižne međunarodne nakladničke kuće Brill, 2014. godine. Ova publikacija je svojevrsna prerađena, ali i nadograđena verzija, Bartulinovog doktorata The Ideology of Nation and Race: The Croatian Ustasha Regime and its Policies Toward Minorities in the Independent State of Croatia, 1941-1945. kojeg je obranio na University of New South Wales, 2006. godine. Bartulin pripada novoj generaciji mlađih povjesničara poput Rorya Yeomansa i Alexandra Korba, koji se bave poviješću ustaškog pokreta pokušavajući primijeniti u svojem istraživanju suvremene interpretacijske i metodološke pristupe. Motivirani nedostatkom literature o ustaškom pokretu na međunarodnoj razini, spomenuti autori pretežito pišu na engleskom jeziku pokušavajući uvesti temu ustaškog pokreta u širu historiografsku debatu o fašizmu, masovnom nasilju, holokaustu, itd.

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Research paper thumbnail of Prikaz_Prva medievisticka znanstvena radionica u Rijeci 2013

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Research paper thumbnail of Prikaz Knjige_Kinematografija u NDH.pdf

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Conferences et. al. by Lovro Kralj

Research paper thumbnail of Negotiating Genocide in a Microcosmos of Fascism: Nazis, Ustasha and the Arrow Cross in the City of Osijek, 1941-1942

Underground Information, Unofficial News, Useful Rumors: Informal Communication in World War II Europe, 2021

Presentation given at the INFOCOM Workshop in Budapest, 8-10 September 2021.

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Research paper thumbnail of Holocaust Research in Challenging Times: An Online Conference of Holocaust Researchers

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Research paper thumbnail of A Fascist Civil War? Paramilitarism and Statist Interpretations of Fascism in the Ustasha Movement

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Research paper thumbnail of Croatia's 'Little Eichmann'?: Ivan Tolj and the Deportations of Jews from Sarajevo, Vinkovci and Osijek

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Research paper thumbnail of Revisiting the Holocaust Historiography in Croatia Through a Regional Lens: Similarities and Differences in the Persecution of Jews in the Cities of Osijek and Sarajevo

Regional Aspects of the Holocaust - International Conference

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Research paper thumbnail of Program ComFas Convention CEU Budapest April 27-29.pdf

by Lovro Kralj, Roger Griffin Emeritus Professor in Modern History, Goran Miljan, Tomislav Dulic, Miguel Alonso, David Alegre, Javier Rodrigo, Jakub Drábik, Hrubon Anton, Craig Fowlie, Adrien Nonjon, Marco Bresciani, Gabriela Lima, Gabriela de Lima Grecco, Martin Kristoffer Hamre, Blasco Sciarrino, toni Morant i Ariño, Oula Silvennoinen, and Kari Kallioniemi

Program of ComFas Convention. "Comparative Fascist Studies and the transnational Turn" held at th... more Program of ComFas Convention. "Comparative Fascist Studies and the transnational Turn" held at the Central European University, 27-29 April 2018.

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Research paper thumbnail of A Microcosmos of Fascism in the Age of Genocide

SIMON, 2022

By combining microhistorical and regional approaches with theoretical findings from fascism, Holo... more By combining microhistorical and regional approaches with theoretical findings from fascism, Holocaust, and genocide studies, this chapter examines the interaction between the Nazi, Ustaša and Arrow Cross movements in the city of Osijek. By analyzing the ideologies and praxis of the three fascist movements, this paper demonstrates that the future they wanted to build remained vague, contested, and contradictory despite many shared goals and enemies. Instead of bringing the three fascist movements together, antisemitism became a tool of competitive nation-building which contributed to the failure to create a genuinely transnational fascist front in a single city. Determining the pace of genocidal destruction became an instrument in the competitive fascist-elite-building. By relying on the concept of "genocidal consolidation", this chapter argues that the Holocaust in Osijek became one of the primary means in the attempted consolidation of power by one fascist group at the expense of the other. Attempts to neutralize rival fascist elites in the struggle for political dominance on the regional level brought unintended consequences of significantly delaying the deportations of Jews of Osijek compared to the cities in the Independent State of Croatia.

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Research paper thumbnail of Populism, memory politics and the Ustaša movement 1945-2020

Memory Politics and Populism in Southeastern Europe, 2021

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Research paper thumbnail of Nationalism and Terror: Ante Pavelić and Ustasha Terrorism from Fascism to the Cold War, written by Pino Adriano and Giorgio Cingolani

Southeastern Europe

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Photography, Collaboration and the Holocaust: Looking at the Independent State of Croatia (1941-1945) through the Frame of the 'Hooded Man

Journal of Perpetrator Research

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Research paper thumbnail of Kralj_The Evolution of Ustasha Mass Violence

Fascist Warfare, 1922-1945: Aggression, Occupation, Annihilation, 2019

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of The Rise and Fall of the Independent State of Croatia in the Memoirs and Testimonies of the Ustasha Members

History in Flux, 2019

This article examines the defeat of the Ustasha movement and its impact on the way the members of... more This article examines the defeat of the Ustasha movement and its impact on the way the members of the Croatian fascist movement represented themselves through memoirs and testimonies after the Second World War. The current historiography dealing with the Ustasha movement remains
largely detached from the contemporary approaches derived from memory studies, which has resulted in existing research gaps related to questions of how, and why, the Ustashe remember their wartime activities. This paper is based on the analysis of 23 Ustasha memory sources; 11 testimonies and 12 memoirs. It examines differences between Ustasha testimonies given in Yugoslav detention, and memoirs which were written by the Ustashe who managed to emigrate to other countries. Significant discrepancy in the narratives and structure presented in the source material is attributed to the different circumstances in which they were written, the expected audience and the variegated experiences of defeat the Ustasha members went through.

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Research paper thumbnail of Photography, Collaboration and the Holocaust in Croatia

Journal of Perpetrator Studies, 2019

Article problematises the uses and abuses of the Hitler-Pavelić meeting photograph taken at Bergh... more Article problematises the uses and abuses of the Hitler-Pavelić meeting photograph taken at Berghof in June 1941. In a polemical tone, within the framework of a roundtable discussion on perpetrator photography, the article argues that in its current popular usage, the Hitler-Pavelić image hides more historical facts than the ones it reveals.

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Research paper thumbnail of Lovro Kralj. "Paving the Road to Death: Antisemitism in the Ustasha Movement (1929-1945)" (project summary)

Right-Wing Politics and the Rise of Antisemitism in Europe 1935-1941, 2019

Summary of a dissertation project titled "Paving the Road to Death: Antisemitism in the Ustasha M... more Summary of a dissertation project titled "Paving the Road to Death: Antisemitism in the Ustasha Movement 1929-1945." published in Frank Bajohr, Dieter Pohl, eds. Right-Wing Politics and the Rise of Antisemitism in Europe 1935-1941 (Wallstein Verlag, 2019): 233-239.

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Research paper thumbnail of Review of Pino Adriano and Giorgio Cingolani. Nationalism and Terror: Ante Pavelić and Ustasha Terrorism from Fascism to the Cold War (Budapest, Hungary & New York, usa: Central European University Press, 2018)

Southeastern Europe, 2019

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Research paper thumbnail of Conference Report: 23rd Workshop on the History and Memory of National Socialist Camps and Extermination Sites Between Absence and Affirmation (Thessaloniki 2019)

H-Soz-Kult, 2019

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Research paper thumbnail of Historiography of the Ustasha Movement: Review Max Bergholz and Ivo,Slavko Goldstein.pdf

This essay reviews recent developments in the historiography of the Ustasha movement through the ... more This essay reviews recent developments in the historiography of the Ustasha movement through the prism of two recently published studies: Bergholz, Max: Violence as a Generative Force. Identity, Nationalism, and Memory in a Balkan Community. Ithaka: Cornell University Press 2016. ISBN: 978-1-5017-0492-5; 464 p. and Goldstein, Ivo; Goldstein, Slavko: The Holo- caust in Croatia. Pittsburgh: University of Pitts- burgh Press 2016. ISBN: 9780822944515; VII, 728 p.

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Research paper thumbnail of Prikaz Knjige_Nevenko Bartulin_The Racial Idea in the Independent State of Croatia

Nevenko BARTULIN, The Racial Idea in the Independent State of Croatia: Origins and Theory, Leiden... more Nevenko BARTULIN, The Racial Idea in the Independent State of Croatia: Origins and Theory, Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2014., 244. str. Suvremena transnacionalna historiografija uglavnom tretira fašizam, rasizam i holokaust kao isprepletenu povijest. Taj pristup bazira se na stavu da povijest jednog od ovih fenomena nije u potpunosti moguće objasniti bez uzimanja u obzir paralelnog razvoja druga dva. Hrvatska je historiografija uvelike ostala distancirana od ovih diskusija na međunarodnoj razini, a tome svjedoči nerazmjerno mali broj publikacije radova na engleskom jeziku o povijesti ustaškog pokreta i holokausta u Hrvatskoj, u odnosu na količinu literature objavljene na hrvatskom jeziku. Upravo je zbog toga važna nova knjiga Nevenka Bartulina pod naslovom The Racial Idea in the Independent State of Croatia: Origins and Theory, koja je objavljena u izdanju prestižne međunarodne nakladničke kuće Brill, 2014. godine. Ova publikacija je svojevrsna prerađena, ali i nadograđena verzija, Bartulinovog doktorata The Ideology of Nation and Race: The Croatian Ustasha Regime and its Policies Toward Minorities in the Independent State of Croatia, 1941-1945. kojeg je obranio na University of New South Wales, 2006. godine. Bartulin pripada novoj generaciji mlađih povjesničara poput Rorya Yeomansa i Alexandra Korba, koji se bave poviješću ustaškog pokreta pokušavajući primijeniti u svojem istraživanju suvremene interpretacijske i metodološke pristupe. Motivirani nedostatkom literature o ustaškom pokretu na međunarodnoj razini, spomenuti autori pretežito pišu na engleskom jeziku pokušavajući uvesti temu ustaškog pokreta u širu historiografsku debatu o fašizmu, masovnom nasilju, holokaustu, itd.

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Research paper thumbnail of Prikaz_Prva medievisticka znanstvena radionica u Rijeci 2013

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Research paper thumbnail of Prikaz Knjige_Kinematografija u NDH.pdf

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Negotiating Genocide in a Microcosmos of Fascism: Nazis, Ustasha and the Arrow Cross in the City of Osijek, 1941-1942

Underground Information, Unofficial News, Useful Rumors: Informal Communication in World War II Europe, 2021

Presentation given at the INFOCOM Workshop in Budapest, 8-10 September 2021.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Holocaust Research in Challenging Times: An Online Conference of Holocaust Researchers

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of A Fascist Civil War? Paramilitarism and Statist Interpretations of Fascism in the Ustasha Movement

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Croatia's 'Little Eichmann'?: Ivan Tolj and the Deportations of Jews from Sarajevo, Vinkovci and Osijek

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Revisiting the Holocaust Historiography in Croatia Through a Regional Lens: Similarities and Differences in the Persecution of Jews in the Cities of Osijek and Sarajevo

Regional Aspects of the Holocaust - International Conference

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Research paper thumbnail of Program ComFas Convention CEU Budapest April 27-29.pdf

by Lovro Kralj, Roger Griffin Emeritus Professor in Modern History, Goran Miljan, Tomislav Dulic, Miguel Alonso, David Alegre, Javier Rodrigo, Jakub Drábik, Hrubon Anton, Craig Fowlie, Adrien Nonjon, Marco Bresciani, Gabriela Lima, Gabriela de Lima Grecco, Martin Kristoffer Hamre, Blasco Sciarrino, toni Morant i Ariño, Oula Silvennoinen, and Kari Kallioniemi

Program of ComFas Convention. "Comparative Fascist Studies and the transnational Turn" held at th... more Program of ComFas Convention. "Comparative Fascist Studies and the transnational Turn" held at the Central European University, 27-29 April 2018.

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Research paper thumbnail of Programme: "Fascist Warfare: A Concept to Understand Fascism and Total War in the First Half of the Twentieth Century"

Programme of the Conference "Fascist Warfare: A Concept to Understand Fascism and Total War in th... more Programme of the Conference "Fascist Warfare: A Concept to Understand Fascism and Total War in the First Half of the Twentieth Century", that will be held in the Sala Plató, Pati Manning, Barcelona (Spain), on March, 16-17th of 2017.

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Research paper thumbnail of Fascism and Right Wing Populism: Ideologies, Movements and Regimes

Syllabus for an introductory, five-day-intensive, course on fascism and right-wing populism which... more Syllabus for an introductory, five-day-intensive, course on fascism and right-wing populism which was created for the students of international relations at the University of Pannonia (Koszeg Campus).

The aim of this course is to critically examine the conceptual history of fascism and right-wing populism. After attending the course students will be able to 1) identify, analyze and critically assess theories and debates within the fields of fascism and (right-wing) populism studies, 2) differentiate between the concepts of fascism, totalitarianism, populism, far-right, extreme right, radical right, conservatism, authoritarianism, etc. When it comes to fascism specifically, students will be able to 3) explain the difference between historical fascism and generic fascism, and differentiate Fascism (with a capital “F”) from fascism (with a lowercase “f”), they will be able to 4) compare and contrast different influential definitions of fascism. Moreover, students will be able to clarify the difference between “epochal” and “eternalist” approach to the periodization of fascism, they will also be able 5) to explain the importance of different methodological approaches to the analysis of ideologies, movements and regimes. When it comes to right-wing populism students will be able to 6) define populism and 7) explain the main similarities and differences between right-wing and left-wing populist ideologies, movements and regimes. They will also be able to 8) identify different approaches to studies of populism and define what is an ideational, strategic and socio-cultural approaches to populism. Students will also be able to 9) compare and contrast different fascist and right-wing populist ideologies, movements and regimes both in terms of geography and chronology. Ultimately, students will be able to 10) identify crucial entanglements and divergences between fascist and right wing populist ideologies, movements and regimes.

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Research paper thumbnail of Fascist Warfare. Aggression, Occupation, Annihilation (1922-1945)

Palgrave Macmillan, 2019

This groundbreaking book explores the interpretative potential and analytical capacity of the con... more This groundbreaking book explores the interpretative potential and analytical capacity of the concept ‘fascist warfare’. Was there a specific type of war waged by fascist states? The concept encompasses not only the practice of violence at the front, but also war culture, the relationship between war and the fascist project, and the construction of the national community. Starting with the legacy of the First World War and using a transnational approach, this collection presents case studies of fascist regimes at war, spanning Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, Francoist Spain, Croatia, and Imperial Japan. Themes include the idea of rapid warfare as a symbol of fascism, total war, the role of modern technology, the transfer of war cultures between regimes, anti-partisan warfare as a key feature, and the contingent nature and limits of fascist warfare.

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