Dr.Pratap GK | CFTRI - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr.Pratap GK

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the main dementia type accounting for over 70 % of the entire dementia ... more Alzheimer's disease (AD), the main dementia type accounting for over 70 % of the entire dementia population and exhibits progressive decline in memory and executive function. AD pathology is characterized by amyloid fibrils and neurofibrillary tangles. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, consistently colocalizes with the amyloid deposits is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease and may contribute to the generation of amyloid proteins. AChE is a potent amyloid-promoting factor as compared with other associated proteins. AChE inhibitors play a vital role to prevent the formation of toxic oligomeric form of amyloid peptide. Recent studies have reported that acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (ChE-Is) are present in plants, fungi, and marine products. Some cholinesterase inhibitors, obtained from plant source such as rivastigmine, donepezil, and galantamine, used in the treatment of AD, offer an alternative approach to alleviate its symptoms by reducing Aβ. Due to limited efficacy of currently available drugs for AD, there is huge potential of phytomedicines for the treatment of AD. Medicinal herbs and herbal drug preparations have traditionally been used to treat neurological disorders such as AD by exhibiting its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Phytomedicines containing flavonoids, polyphenols, and other naturally occurring antioxidants crosses the blood-brain barrier and protect neurons from oxidative stress. As compared to synthetic drugs, phytomedicines have fewer side effects. Therefore, recent research is focused to explore the potential of phytomedicines and develop it as effective treatment for AD. In our review, we summarized the pathology of AD, amyloid-deposition, role of Acetylcholinesterase, potential of phytoconstituents with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity for AD treatment.

Encyclopedia of Green Materials, 2022

Phytomedicine and Alzheimer’s Disease

South African Journal of Botany

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. The pathogenes... more Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. The pathogenesis involves two hallmarks: amyloid-beta aggregation (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). This has incited the use of animal models to mirror the disease. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster has garnered considerable attention as an organism to recapitulate human disorders. Drosophilaisusedas novel genetic tools for studying cellular aspects and behavioural and physiological traits of human neurodegenerative diseases. Here, authors use the Drosophila model in understanding AD pathology and the insights were gained in drug discovery for AD therapy

Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 2017

A database on indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants used by the humans and cattle, in the loca... more A database on indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants used by the humans and cattle, in the local communities in Arasikere hobli of Karnataka is documented. People living in rural areas have traditional health care practices, the knowledge of which is valuable for curing several ailments. In the present survey, it was recognized that eleven medicinal plants belonging to nine families are being used by the local groups to cure different human complaints and eleven plants belonging to ten families are used for treating animal infirmities. Majority of the villagers use these plants since these are effortlessly and freely available with no side effects. The present study reveals that the local population is well versed with the natural resources around them and this traditional knowledge should be preserved for the betterment of future mankind.

Analytical Chemistry Letters, 2021

Abstract Despite the use of a vast number of natural products in the synthesis of nanoparticles, ... more Abstract Despite the use of a vast number of natural products in the synthesis of nanoparticles, many microorganisms, such as endophytic fungi, are still largely unexplored. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using the endophytic fungus Aspergillus austroafricanus CGJ-B3. AgNPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-choline esterase activities were assessed using 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 3-Bis-(2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-2H-Tetrazolium-5- Carboxanilide (XTT), and microplate method respectively. AgNPs were spherical in shape and their sizes ranged from 2.00 to 51.34 nm. They showed significant antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-choline esterase activity. Interestingly, AgNPs displayed substantial cytotoxic activity against cancer (MCF-7, A431, and HepG2) cell lines than noncancerous (HEK-293) cells. The results highlight their possible use of novel therapeutic agents against cancer and Alzheimer’s disease.

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020

Pratap et al.: Anticholinesterase activity and mass spectra analysis of Olea dioica The aim of th... more Pratap et al.: Anticholinesterase activity and mass spectra analysis of Olea dioica The aim of the present study was to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid content, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activity of Olea dioica. Some bioactive chemical constituents were characterized through GC-MS, LC-MS analyses. Methanol leaf extract of Olea dioica exhibited antioxidant property and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity. Results showed that the plant extract could provide a significant source of secondary metabolites that could act as natural acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and antioxidants, which might be useful to treat Alzheimer's disease.

Analytical Chemistry Letters, 2020

Curculigo orchioides Gaertn, is commonly known as golden grass. Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme... more Curculigo orchioides Gaertn, is commonly known as golden grass. Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme involved in non-cholinergic and cholinergic activity in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, most of the AChE is found in a tetrameric form bound to neuronal cell membranes. The AChE induces amyloid-β fibril formation and forms very toxic AChE-Aβ complexes in the brain. The study aims to determine the anticholinesterase activity and chemical composition analysed by GC-MS, LC-MS, FT-IR, and HPTLC analysis in the methanolic extract of C. orchioides Gaertn rhizome. The in vitro anti-acetylcholinesterase activity was performed by bio-autograph and spectrophotometry. The methanolic extract of rhizome has better inhibition of the AChE enzyme in vitro experiments. These results might be useful in explaining the effect of the methanolic extract of the rhizome as an anti-acetylcholinesterase agent for the management of AD.

Materials Today Communications, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2020

Introduction and Aim: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has an important role in the biochemical studie... more Introduction and Aim: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has an important role in the biochemical studies indicating that AChE accelerates the formation of amyloid-β fibril and forms AChE-Aβ complexes in the brain. The medicinal plants of Curculigoorchioides Gaertn., and Oleo diox Roxb. collected from Western Ghat region of Kodagu, Karnataka, India have many medicinal values such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective activity and anti-inflammatory property. Aim of the study was to check whether C. orchioides Gaertn. and Oleo diox Roxb. fractions significantly inhibit acetylcholinesterase in different concentration-dependent manner(1-3 mg/mL). Results: Plant fraction concentrations resulted in >60%AChE inhibition as compared with the standard Galantamine. The IC50 value was 0.15 mg/mL which was calculated from the equation of the percentage inhibition curve for the test or plant fraction. The Lineweaver-Burk plot indicated that the fraction followed competitive an...

Journal of Bionanoscience, 2017

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have gained huge attention and popularity in the scientific world d... more Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have gained huge attention and popularity in the scientific world due to their intriguing physical, chemical and antimicrobial properties. Ag NPs can be synthesized by physical, chemical and biological processes. Since there is pressing need for eco-friendly, and sustainable synthetic method, extensive research is taking place about the green synthesis of Ag NPs using plants. Biosynthesized Ag NPs show excellent biocompatibility and antibacterial property and hence have wide applications in agriculture and other fields. In view of this, we have reviewed here the use of plants or their extracts for the synthesis of Ag NPs, their characterization, and effect of physicochemical parameters on the synthesis. This review underlines the applications of biosynthesized Ag NPs in the agriculture sector with a short note on its future prospects.

National Academy Science Letters, 2012

Urinary tract infections are the utmost common bacterial infections caused by Proteus mirabilis, ... more Urinary tract infections are the utmost common bacterial infections caused by Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Serratia marcescens. These uropathogens resist the action of several antibiotics due to their ability to form biofilms. Most of these bacterial pathogens use the quorum sensing (QS) machinery to coordinate their cells and regulate several virulence factors and biofilm formation. On the other hand, the anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS) and antibiofilm potential of silver nanoparticles have been well reported against certain bacterial pathogens, but to the best of our knowledge, no report is available against the pathogenicity of uropathogens in particular S. marcescens and P. mirabilis. Therefore, the present study is primarily focused on the anti-QS and antibiofilm potential of Piper betle-based synthesized silver nanoparticles (PbAgNPs) against S. marcescens and P. mirabilis. Initially, the silver nanoparticles were synthesized by the aqueous extract of P. betle and characterized by UV-absorbance spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and DLS. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were assessed for their anti-QS activity and the obtained results revealed that the PbAgNPs inhibited the QS-mediated virulence factors such as prodigiosin, protease, biofilm formation, exopolysaccharides and hydrophobicity productions in uropathogens. The gene expression analysis divulged the downregulation of fimA, fimC, flhD, and bsmB genes in S. marcescens and flhB, flhD, and rsbA genes in P. mirabilis, respectively. The in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans assays revealed the non-toxic and anti-adherence efficiency of PbAgNPs. Furthermore, the non-toxic effect of PbAgNPs was also confirmed through peripheral blood mononuclear cells and normal lung epithelial cells. Therefore, the contemporary study demonstrates the use of PbAgNPs as a possible alternative toward conventional antibiotics in controlling QS and biofilm-related uropathogen infections.

$Research paper thumbnail of Ameliorative activity of medicinal plant fraction for neuroprotection against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster—a comparative study$

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 2021

Background Medicinal plant extracts used in folk medicine seem to be crucial since those are gene... more Background Medicinal plant extracts used in folk medicine seem to be crucial since those are generally accepted by people without worrying about the toxicity. In our present study, we have compared the neuroprotective role of the rhizome of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. and leaf extracts of Olea dioica Roxb., against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Results In-vivo neurotoxic study was carried out using 7-day-old flies (wild-type D. melanogaster). Prior to co-after exposing the flies with acrylamide (8 mM) along with or without OLE-2 and CU-3 fractions (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% w/v), the heads of flies of both the control and treated groups were homogenized for biochemical assay. ACR-treated groups have shown higher elevation in AChE, SOD, LPO, and CAT activity when compared to control and treated (plant fraction) groups. Biochemical and histopathology studies show that both the plant fractions (OLE-2 and CU-3) have neuroprotective action against acrylamide. Conc...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is ranked as the 6th leading cau... more Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is ranked as the 6th leading cause of death in the US. The prevalence of AD and dementia is steadily increasing and expected cases in USA is 14.8 million by 2050. Neuroinflammation and gradual neurodegeneration occurs in Alzheimer's disease. However, existing medications has limitation to completely abolish, delay, or prevent disease progression. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are large family of enzymes to hydrolyze the 3'-phosphodiester links in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in signal-transduction pathways for generation of 5'cyclic nucleotides. It plays vital role to orchestrate several pharmacological activities for proper cell functioning and regulating the levels of cAMP and cGMP. Several evidence has suggested that abnormal cAMP signaling is linked to cognitive problems in neurodegenerative disorders like AD. Therefore, the PDE family has become a widely accepted and multipotential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, modulation of cAMP/cGMP by phytonutrients has a huge potential for the management of AD. Natural compounds have been known to inhibit phosphodiesterase by targeting key enzymes of cGMP synthesis pathway, however, the mechanism of action and their therapeutic efficacy has not been explored extensively. Currently, few PDE inhibitors such as Vinpocetine and Nicergoline have been used for treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Considering the role of flavonoids to inhibit PDE, this review discussed the therapeutic potential of natural compounds with PDE inhibitory activity for the treatment of AD and related dementia.

Alzheimer's (AD) is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative diseases in the world. C... more Alzheimer's (AD) is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative diseases in the world. Currently it has affected about 33.9 million people and is estimated to triple over the next 5 years. The accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques in the neurons is one of the important characteristic features of AD which leads to the gradual decline of a person's memory, learning and reasoning ability leading to difficulty in carrying out daily activities. Medicinal plants are the main ingredients of native medicines and have a major role in traditional health care. Of late, medicinal plants are being accepted widely because of fewer side effects compared to synthetic drugs. Moreover, they also meet the requirement of medicine necessary for increasing human population. Medicinal plants play a crucial role in the development of new herbal drugs. Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., commonly known as Kali Musli or golden grass, is extensively utilised as a nutritive tonic for strength and treatment of asthma, skin diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diarrhea, etc. To isolate and characterize the MS-1 compound from Curculigo orchioides Gaertn.,rhizome. The isolated compound was analysed by LC-MS, HPLC, FTIR, and 13 C &1 HÀ ÀNMR and molecular docking studies. The neuroprotective effect of the MS-1compound was evaluated on the Appl-GAL4 model of D.melanogaster. The MS-1compound showed good neuroprotection, antioxidant activity and also increased the climbing activity and the lifespan of Drosophila. These results might explain the effect of MS-1 compound as a good neuroprotective agent. In the future, it can be used in making anti-Alzheimer drugs.

Gracilaria the estimation of Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen be 36 G.corticata Cu, Cr, Pb and Ni we... more Gracilaria the estimation of Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen be 36 G.corticata Cu, Cr, Pb and Ni were determined spectrometer and their concentration was found to be 12.06± The pigments such as chlorophyll content of extracts was determined out of which methanol extract showed higher value of 0.21% dry weight (dw) and lowest was with water extract of the extract of was to be highest (6.47±0.3) % dw followed by ethanol (4.91±0.03) % dw, while the lowest carbohydrate value was found in chloroform extract (2.1 ± 0.03) % dw.

Adenosine, Adenosine Deaminase, Blood Glucose, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus(DM) is ... more Adenosine, Adenosine Deaminase, Blood Glucose, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus(DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by a state of chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defect in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by an abnormal correlative deficiency of insulin and insulin resistance. Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism.ADA is considered to be a good biomarker of cell mediated immunity.In the present case control pilot study, serum glucose and serum ADA levels were estimated in 20 patients with type 2 DM and compared the results with age and sex matched ten healthy controls. A statistically significant elevation of serum ADA was found in diabetic subjects when compared to controls.This indicates that serum ADA can be considered as a biomarker to diagnose diabetes in a population.

Diabetes mellitus(DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by a state of chronic hyper... more Diabetes mellitus(DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by a state of chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defect in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by an abnormal correlative deficiency of insulin and insulin resistance. Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism.ADA is considered to be a good biomarker of cell mediated immunity.In the present case control pilot study, serum glucose and serum ADA levels were estimated in 20 patients with type 2 DM and compared the results with age and sex matched ten healthy controls. A statistically significant elevation of serum ADA was found in diabetic subjects when compared to controls.This indicates that serum ADA can be considered as a biomarker to diagnose diabetes in a population.