Mahavir Joshi | Chandigarh University Gharuan (original) (raw)
Papers by Mahavir Joshi
Sources and Selection Criteria of Probiotics
Microorganisms for Sustainability, 2020
Probiotics are the living microbial consortia that confer the health benefits to humans when inco... more Probiotics are the living microbial consortia that confer the health benefits to humans when incorporated in diet in adequate amount. These bacteria, referred to as “good bacteria,” are present in human gut through various dietary sources and exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, immunity enhancing benefits. With enhancing knowledge about the field of probiotics, its potential sources are also been scrutinized so that cheap and easy availability of the probiotic product is produced. Traditionally fermented dairy products, fermented vegetables, fermented soy products are available throughout the world with different names. These traditional fermented products are conferring many health benefits owing to the presence of probiotic bacteria present in it. Presently, dairy companies are active producers of the probiotic rich yogurts, buttermilks, and tofu. These products are artificially supplemented with probiotics and are easy available options for the consumers. Also, many pharmaceutical companies are providing active probiotic supplements in the form of capsules and sachets which are recommended to patients with diarrhea, various infections, and allergies. However, with the fast emergence of the probiotic industry, it is imperative that the guidelines for bacteria to be termed as probiotic should be well defined so that the users can get a product with claimed benefits. These characteristics will ensure that the consumer is getting a standardized product with ensured efficiency.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, May 1, 2018
Objective: The objective for new methodology was to develop a rapid analytical method for drug qu... more Objective: The objective for new methodology was to develop a rapid analytical method for drug quantification in ointment samples and eliminate the usage of hazardous solvents in the sample and standard preparation, less elution time of component of interest to sustained green chemistry applications. Methods: Headspace (HS) chromatography was used along with gas chromatography (GC) having direct sample treatment with the help of calibration slope method. Results: All essential oil (EO) was well separated from each other and eluted 1.6 times faster from traditional classical GC method. The present method does not require any hazardous solvents for sample preparation. Conclusion: This method provides the accurate and precise results for EO added in ointment samples and can be used for routine quality control testing before releasing the final product release for the consumers.
Isolation and Identification of Pigment Producing Bacteria from Vermicompost Manure and Check the Antimicrobial Activity of Extracted Pigment
PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Jul 24, 2020
In the present study an attempt was made to isolate pigment producing bacteria from vermicompost ... more In the present study an attempt was made to isolate pigment producing bacteria from vermicompost manure and evaluate antimicrobial activity of pigment. Sample was collected from vermicompost bin. Pigmented colony was isolated and characterized for morphological characters such as shape, color, size, texture, elevation, margin on agar plate, and Gram staining. The pigment producing bacteria was identification by VITAK-2 method and effect of pH on the growth and pigment production was checked. Extraction of pigment was done by liquid-liquid extraction method using chloroform and separated by using separating funnel. This pigment was further characterized for antimicrobial activity. The growth and pigment production were maximum observed from pH 6 to 7. Pigment produced by bacteria also has inhibitory effect on bacteria such as Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. It was concluded that pigment showed inhibitory effect on tested microbes. Pigment has fluorescent property.
Purification of ursolic acid and β-sitosterol from endophytic Alternaria alternata for their alpha-amylase inhibitory activity
Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics, Jul 21, 2023
Process Optimization of Antimicrobial Activity of Adhatoda vasica Against MDR Pathogens Using Response Surface Methodology
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences
Microbial endophytes: application towards sustainable agriculture and food security
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Spirulina is a multicellular, filamentous, free floating cyanobacterium or photosynthetic blue gr... more Spirulina is a multicellular, filamentous, free floating cyanobacterium or photosynthetic blue green algae. Spirulina has been so popular in the world due to its high nutritional contents. As it contains chlorophyll 'a', like higher plants botanist classify it as micro algae belonging to Cyanophyceae class; but according to bacteriologists it is a bacterium due to its prokaryotic structure. Mexicans started using this microorganism as human food. The nutritional status of cultured Spirulina suggested that the biomass of Spirulina is nutritionally rich in protein. Cyanobacterium Spirulina is proficient to cultivate in a variety of culture media. The present investigation is carried out to evaluate the lab scale cultivation of Spirulina by using different substrates like cheese whey, cow urine, rain water and tube well water. Also it is evaluated for its chlorophyll and protein content. Different concentration gradients of the substrates i.e. cheese whey, cow urine, rain water and tube well water ranges from 10-1 to 10-6 with ZARROUK'S medium were analyzed for Spirulina growth at pH 9.5 ± 2, temperature 30°C ± 2 and photo-period of 10-12 hours. Spirulina was successfully cultivated by using different substrates and maximum chlorophyll and protein content was founded. The results indicate the potentiality of all the four substrates to provide nutrients to culture medium that reduces its valuable cost and make it a cheaper and economic medium to cultivate Spirulina.
A Review on Lemon Grass: Perspectives on Pharmacological Aspect
Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), belongs to poaceae family is a restorative plant with mixes eq... more Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), belongs to poaceae family is a restorative plant with mixes equipped for controlling pathogens and expanding natural protection from pathogenic sicknesses. The fragrant tropical plant lemongrass originates in India. This new and fruity lemon-scented natural basic oil is a ground-breaking separate that can be effectively utilized for a lot of magnificence purposes. Known for an assortment of employments since forever, from de-focusing on the body and psyche to cleansing the skin, here are a couple of splendid skincare and magnificence advantages of natural lemongrass basic oil. One of the best magnificence advantages of natural lemongrass fundamental oil is the manner by which it can help lessen slickness and control sparkle. That is the reason this fixing is utilized in skincare items as a characteristic astringent to control abundance oil on the skin. It produces delectable local tea, which is consistently used in cooking as a successful antidote ...
Nanotechnology is an emerging field, comprising the development of materials with 5-200 nanometer... more Nanotechnology is an emerging field, comprising the development of materials with 5-200 nanometers in size. Like many other fields advances in nanotechnology is utilized in medicine also specially for therapeutic drug delivery and treatment for a variety of diseases and disorders. The drug is dissolved and entrapped into biodegradable nanoparticles which are specially designed to absorb drug and protecting it against chemical and enzymatic degradation. Nanotechnology is helping the delivery of pharmacologically active molecules for sitespecific action with accurate dose. The most promising aspect of utilizing nanotechnology in drug delivery system is lowering of side effects by depositing the active agent in the morbid region only with accurate dose. Nanoparticles for drug delivery are prepared by a variety of materials such as proteins, polysaccharides and synthetic polymers. The selection of material depends on many factors such as the size of nanoparticles, inherent properties of...
Present study deals with the screening of few species of basidiomycetes for the production of lac... more Present study deals with the screening of few species of basidiomycetes for the production of laccase. Ten samples of basidiomycetes were collected from different lignocellulosic sources and best four fungal species viz., Schizophyllum sp., Polyporus sp., Phanerochaete sp. & Trametes sp. were screened for production of laccase. One Variable at a Time approach (OVAT) was used to study different parameters namely, pH, carbon and nitrogen sources, solid to liquid ratio and surfactants on the activity of laccase enzyme. Schizophyllum sp. showed maximum laccase activity (1060.5 IU ml -1 ) at pH 6.5 amongst all other parameters investigated. It showed maximum laccase activity of 10.5 IU ml -1 with NaNO3 and Peptone.
Arthospira (spirulina) is a photosynthetic, spiral-shaped, multicellular and blue-green alga. Cel... more Arthospira (spirulina) is a photosynthetic, spiral-shaped, multicellular and blue-green alga. Cell division occurs by binary fission. As it contains chlorophyll a, like higher plants botanist classify it as micro alga belonging to Cyanophceae class; but according to bacteriologists it is a bacterium due to its prokaryotic structure. Mexicans started using this microorganism as human food. Its chemical composition contains proteins (55%-70%), carbohydrates (15%-25%) and essential fatty acids (18%) vitamins, minerals and pigments like carotenes, chlorophyll and phycocyanin, pigments are used in food and cosmetic industries. Spirulina is considered as excellent food, lacking toxicity and have anticancer, antiviral, immunological properties and it also acts as a potent antioxidant. There has been a significant change in spirulina functions under stress conditions.
Rice bran oil is unique among edible oils due to its rich source of nutritionally important phyto... more Rice bran oil is unique among edible oils due to its rich source of nutritionally important phytoceuticals such as oryzanol, tocotrienols, tocopherols, etc. γ – Oryzanol is one of the components of rice bran oil which have the potential to be used in pharmaceuticals, cosmoceutical and nutraceutical. It is present in rice bran oil at a level of 1-2% where it serves as natural antioxidant. In the present study, γ – oryzanol was extracted from rice bran oil in such a way that high yield product was obtained in the end. During the process, rice bran oil was treated with alkali to form soap stock followed by its acid treatment. After this, distilled water washing was given to the extracted product which is further crystallized. The crystallization was done by passing the product through crystallization solvents followed by deep freezer incubation (4°C). These treatments gave γ – oryzanol in the pure form. The crystallized form of γ – oryzanol was quantized at 315 nm that shows 33.6% of γ...
Descriptive Statistical Analysis of Hygienic Conditions of Street Food of Chandigarh Region
Street foods are of main concern today due to their popularity and ease of availability. As it is... more Street foods are of main concern today due to their popularity and ease of availability. As it is fulfilling the requirements at reasonable rates, population usually refers to street food. But the food safety and sanitation is also a very important aspect. A Questionaries’ of sixteen questions was prepared and people were asked to fill it according to their experience with street foods. A descriptive analysis on the data generated was done and results were interpreted. Serious food poisoning is linked with unhygienic street food consumption. Lack of Knowledge among people as well as vendors is the main cause of food borne diseases. This study is concerned with the satisfactory or unsatisfactory response of people according to their experience.
Isolation and Identification of Pigment Producing Bacteria from Vermicompost Manure and Check the Antimicrobial Activity of Extracted Pigment
In the present study an attempt was made to isolate pigment producing bacteria from vermicompost ... more In the present study an attempt was made to isolate pigment producing bacteria from vermicompost manure and evaluate antimicrobial activity of pigment. Sample was collected from vermicompost bin. Pigmented colony was isolated and characterized for morphological characters such as shape, color, size, texture, elevation, margin on agar plate, and Gram staining. The pigment producing bacteria was identification by VITAK-2 method and effect of pH on the growth and pigment production was checked. Extraction of pigment was done by liquid-liquid extraction method using chloroform and separated by using separating funnel. This pigment was further characterized for antimicrobial activity. The growth and pigment production were maximum observed from pH 6 to 7. Pigment produced by bacteria also has inhibitory effect on bacteria such as Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. It was concluded that pigment showed inhibitory effect on tested microbes. Pig...
International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 2018
There are many infectious diseases that may be biofilm mediated, medical device-mediated or from ... more There are many infectious diseases that may be biofilm mediated, medical device-mediated or from some other agent, are now becoming life-threatening. Despite of availability of many antimicrobial agents, new drugs or therapeutics, these infections have continued to be a global health challenge. Nowadays, conventional antimicrobial agents have failed against many infections due to the emergence of multiple drug-resistant strains. Even, if there is a therapeutic efficacy of these drugs, there inappropriate amounts are resulting in an adequate therapeutic index, local and systematic side effects, including irritation, reduction in gut flora and other manifestations. To overcome such situations, nanostructures have exclusive physicochemical properties as they are ultra small, their size can be controlled, greater surface area to mass ratio, high reactivity and functionalizable structure. Encapsulation of antimicrobial drugs in these nanoparticle systems helps in reducing many side effec...
Isolation of Alpha Amylase-Producing Bacteria from Local Region of Ambala and Production of Amylase Under Optimized Factors Using Solid-State Fermentation
Current Microbiology
Analysis of Antimicrobial Activity of Woodfordia fruticosa, Adhatoda vasica and Ricinus communis Against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2019
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2013
Medicinal plants are used for the formation of drugs and these plants are used traditionally to c... more Medicinal plants are used for the formation of drugs and these plants are used traditionally to cure various diseases. These medicinal plants contain some phytochemical active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phenols etc., which show antimicrobial activity against the pathogens. The present study investigated the antimicrobial activity of ethanol, methanol and aqueous extract of Calotropis procera , Eichhornia crassipes , and Datura innoxia plants, as determined on four pathogenic bacteria’s i.e. Escherichia coli ( MTCC-40) , Staphylococcus epidermis (MTCC-10623) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC- 424) , and Bacillus subtilius (MTCC- 736) by using well diffusion method. DMSO (Dimethyl Sulphoxide) was used as solvent for plant extracts. Ampicillin and tetracycline was set as a standard and also used to compare the antimicrobial activity of plants on pathogens. Phytochemical analysis was also done for the presence of bioactive compounds. The results showed that the p...
Journal of Nepal Health Research Council
Background: Patient's medical charts in hospitals are potentially contaminated by pathogenic bact... more Background: Patient's medical charts in hospitals are potentially contaminated by pathogenic bacteria and might act as vehicles for transmission of bacterial infections.This study was aimed to determine the rate of contamination of medical charts by multidrug resistant bacteria. Methods: Sampling of total 250 patient's medical charts from different wards was done with the help of cotton swabs soaked in sterile normal saline. The swabs thus collected were cultured using standard microbiological procedures. The colonies grown were then identified with the help of colony morphology, Gram's stain and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Results: Of the total 250 charts sampled, 98.8% grew bacteria; Bacillus spp. in 40.7%, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (17%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp.(CoNS) (17%), Citrobacter freundii (9.6%) and Acinetobacter spp. (4.5%). Rate of multidrug resistance was highest in Acinetobacter spp. (50%). Among 83 isolates of S. aureus, methicillin resistance was found in 29 isolates. Similarly, two out of total 9 isolates of Enterococcus spp. were vancomycin resistant. Conclusions: This study showed that patient's medical charts were contaminated with multidrug resistant bacteria including methicillin resistant S. aureus and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus spp. Strict hand washing before and after handling medical charts is recommended.
Sources and Selection Criteria of Probiotics
Microorganisms for Sustainability, 2020
Probiotics are the living microbial consortia that confer the health benefits to humans when inco... more Probiotics are the living microbial consortia that confer the health benefits to humans when incorporated in diet in adequate amount. These bacteria, referred to as “good bacteria,” are present in human gut through various dietary sources and exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, immunity enhancing benefits. With enhancing knowledge about the field of probiotics, its potential sources are also been scrutinized so that cheap and easy availability of the probiotic product is produced. Traditionally fermented dairy products, fermented vegetables, fermented soy products are available throughout the world with different names. These traditional fermented products are conferring many health benefits owing to the presence of probiotic bacteria present in it. Presently, dairy companies are active producers of the probiotic rich yogurts, buttermilks, and tofu. These products are artificially supplemented with probiotics and are easy available options for the consumers. Also, many pharmaceutical companies are providing active probiotic supplements in the form of capsules and sachets which are recommended to patients with diarrhea, various infections, and allergies. However, with the fast emergence of the probiotic industry, it is imperative that the guidelines for bacteria to be termed as probiotic should be well defined so that the users can get a product with claimed benefits. These characteristics will ensure that the consumer is getting a standardized product with ensured efficiency.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, May 1, 2018
Objective: The objective for new methodology was to develop a rapid analytical method for drug qu... more Objective: The objective for new methodology was to develop a rapid analytical method for drug quantification in ointment samples and eliminate the usage of hazardous solvents in the sample and standard preparation, less elution time of component of interest to sustained green chemistry applications. Methods: Headspace (HS) chromatography was used along with gas chromatography (GC) having direct sample treatment with the help of calibration slope method. Results: All essential oil (EO) was well separated from each other and eluted 1.6 times faster from traditional classical GC method. The present method does not require any hazardous solvents for sample preparation. Conclusion: This method provides the accurate and precise results for EO added in ointment samples and can be used for routine quality control testing before releasing the final product release for the consumers.
Isolation and Identification of Pigment Producing Bacteria from Vermicompost Manure and Check the Antimicrobial Activity of Extracted Pigment
PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Jul 24, 2020
In the present study an attempt was made to isolate pigment producing bacteria from vermicompost ... more In the present study an attempt was made to isolate pigment producing bacteria from vermicompost manure and evaluate antimicrobial activity of pigment. Sample was collected from vermicompost bin. Pigmented colony was isolated and characterized for morphological characters such as shape, color, size, texture, elevation, margin on agar plate, and Gram staining. The pigment producing bacteria was identification by VITAK-2 method and effect of pH on the growth and pigment production was checked. Extraction of pigment was done by liquid-liquid extraction method using chloroform and separated by using separating funnel. This pigment was further characterized for antimicrobial activity. The growth and pigment production were maximum observed from pH 6 to 7. Pigment produced by bacteria also has inhibitory effect on bacteria such as Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. It was concluded that pigment showed inhibitory effect on tested microbes. Pigment has fluorescent property.
Purification of ursolic acid and β-sitosterol from endophytic Alternaria alternata for their alpha-amylase inhibitory activity
Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics, Jul 21, 2023
Process Optimization of Antimicrobial Activity of Adhatoda vasica Against MDR Pathogens Using Response Surface Methodology
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences
Microbial endophytes: application towards sustainable agriculture and food security
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Spirulina is a multicellular, filamentous, free floating cyanobacterium or photosynthetic blue gr... more Spirulina is a multicellular, filamentous, free floating cyanobacterium or photosynthetic blue green algae. Spirulina has been so popular in the world due to its high nutritional contents. As it contains chlorophyll 'a', like higher plants botanist classify it as micro algae belonging to Cyanophyceae class; but according to bacteriologists it is a bacterium due to its prokaryotic structure. Mexicans started using this microorganism as human food. The nutritional status of cultured Spirulina suggested that the biomass of Spirulina is nutritionally rich in protein. Cyanobacterium Spirulina is proficient to cultivate in a variety of culture media. The present investigation is carried out to evaluate the lab scale cultivation of Spirulina by using different substrates like cheese whey, cow urine, rain water and tube well water. Also it is evaluated for its chlorophyll and protein content. Different concentration gradients of the substrates i.e. cheese whey, cow urine, rain water and tube well water ranges from 10-1 to 10-6 with ZARROUK'S medium were analyzed for Spirulina growth at pH 9.5 ± 2, temperature 30°C ± 2 and photo-period of 10-12 hours. Spirulina was successfully cultivated by using different substrates and maximum chlorophyll and protein content was founded. The results indicate the potentiality of all the four substrates to provide nutrients to culture medium that reduces its valuable cost and make it a cheaper and economic medium to cultivate Spirulina.
A Review on Lemon Grass: Perspectives on Pharmacological Aspect
Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), belongs to poaceae family is a restorative plant with mixes eq... more Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), belongs to poaceae family is a restorative plant with mixes equipped for controlling pathogens and expanding natural protection from pathogenic sicknesses. The fragrant tropical plant lemongrass originates in India. This new and fruity lemon-scented natural basic oil is a ground-breaking separate that can be effectively utilized for a lot of magnificence purposes. Known for an assortment of employments since forever, from de-focusing on the body and psyche to cleansing the skin, here are a couple of splendid skincare and magnificence advantages of natural lemongrass basic oil. One of the best magnificence advantages of natural lemongrass fundamental oil is the manner by which it can help lessen slickness and control sparkle. That is the reason this fixing is utilized in skincare items as a characteristic astringent to control abundance oil on the skin. It produces delectable local tea, which is consistently used in cooking as a successful antidote ...
Nanotechnology is an emerging field, comprising the development of materials with 5-200 nanometer... more Nanotechnology is an emerging field, comprising the development of materials with 5-200 nanometers in size. Like many other fields advances in nanotechnology is utilized in medicine also specially for therapeutic drug delivery and treatment for a variety of diseases and disorders. The drug is dissolved and entrapped into biodegradable nanoparticles which are specially designed to absorb drug and protecting it against chemical and enzymatic degradation. Nanotechnology is helping the delivery of pharmacologically active molecules for sitespecific action with accurate dose. The most promising aspect of utilizing nanotechnology in drug delivery system is lowering of side effects by depositing the active agent in the morbid region only with accurate dose. Nanoparticles for drug delivery are prepared by a variety of materials such as proteins, polysaccharides and synthetic polymers. The selection of material depends on many factors such as the size of nanoparticles, inherent properties of...
Present study deals with the screening of few species of basidiomycetes for the production of lac... more Present study deals with the screening of few species of basidiomycetes for the production of laccase. Ten samples of basidiomycetes were collected from different lignocellulosic sources and best four fungal species viz., Schizophyllum sp., Polyporus sp., Phanerochaete sp. & Trametes sp. were screened for production of laccase. One Variable at a Time approach (OVAT) was used to study different parameters namely, pH, carbon and nitrogen sources, solid to liquid ratio and surfactants on the activity of laccase enzyme. Schizophyllum sp. showed maximum laccase activity (1060.5 IU ml -1 ) at pH 6.5 amongst all other parameters investigated. It showed maximum laccase activity of 10.5 IU ml -1 with NaNO3 and Peptone.
Arthospira (spirulina) is a photosynthetic, spiral-shaped, multicellular and blue-green alga. Cel... more Arthospira (spirulina) is a photosynthetic, spiral-shaped, multicellular and blue-green alga. Cell division occurs by binary fission. As it contains chlorophyll a, like higher plants botanist classify it as micro alga belonging to Cyanophceae class; but according to bacteriologists it is a bacterium due to its prokaryotic structure. Mexicans started using this microorganism as human food. Its chemical composition contains proteins (55%-70%), carbohydrates (15%-25%) and essential fatty acids (18%) vitamins, minerals and pigments like carotenes, chlorophyll and phycocyanin, pigments are used in food and cosmetic industries. Spirulina is considered as excellent food, lacking toxicity and have anticancer, antiviral, immunological properties and it also acts as a potent antioxidant. There has been a significant change in spirulina functions under stress conditions.
Rice bran oil is unique among edible oils due to its rich source of nutritionally important phyto... more Rice bran oil is unique among edible oils due to its rich source of nutritionally important phytoceuticals such as oryzanol, tocotrienols, tocopherols, etc. γ – Oryzanol is one of the components of rice bran oil which have the potential to be used in pharmaceuticals, cosmoceutical and nutraceutical. It is present in rice bran oil at a level of 1-2% where it serves as natural antioxidant. In the present study, γ – oryzanol was extracted from rice bran oil in such a way that high yield product was obtained in the end. During the process, rice bran oil was treated with alkali to form soap stock followed by its acid treatment. After this, distilled water washing was given to the extracted product which is further crystallized. The crystallization was done by passing the product through crystallization solvents followed by deep freezer incubation (4°C). These treatments gave γ – oryzanol in the pure form. The crystallized form of γ – oryzanol was quantized at 315 nm that shows 33.6% of γ...
Descriptive Statistical Analysis of Hygienic Conditions of Street Food of Chandigarh Region
Street foods are of main concern today due to their popularity and ease of availability. As it is... more Street foods are of main concern today due to their popularity and ease of availability. As it is fulfilling the requirements at reasonable rates, population usually refers to street food. But the food safety and sanitation is also a very important aspect. A Questionaries’ of sixteen questions was prepared and people were asked to fill it according to their experience with street foods. A descriptive analysis on the data generated was done and results were interpreted. Serious food poisoning is linked with unhygienic street food consumption. Lack of Knowledge among people as well as vendors is the main cause of food borne diseases. This study is concerned with the satisfactory or unsatisfactory response of people according to their experience.
Isolation and Identification of Pigment Producing Bacteria from Vermicompost Manure and Check the Antimicrobial Activity of Extracted Pigment
In the present study an attempt was made to isolate pigment producing bacteria from vermicompost ... more In the present study an attempt was made to isolate pigment producing bacteria from vermicompost manure and evaluate antimicrobial activity of pigment. Sample was collected from vermicompost bin. Pigmented colony was isolated and characterized for morphological characters such as shape, color, size, texture, elevation, margin on agar plate, and Gram staining. The pigment producing bacteria was identification by VITAK-2 method and effect of pH on the growth and pigment production was checked. Extraction of pigment was done by liquid-liquid extraction method using chloroform and separated by using separating funnel. This pigment was further characterized for antimicrobial activity. The growth and pigment production were maximum observed from pH 6 to 7. Pigment produced by bacteria also has inhibitory effect on bacteria such as Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. It was concluded that pigment showed inhibitory effect on tested microbes. Pig...
International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 2018
There are many infectious diseases that may be biofilm mediated, medical device-mediated or from ... more There are many infectious diseases that may be biofilm mediated, medical device-mediated or from some other agent, are now becoming life-threatening. Despite of availability of many antimicrobial agents, new drugs or therapeutics, these infections have continued to be a global health challenge. Nowadays, conventional antimicrobial agents have failed against many infections due to the emergence of multiple drug-resistant strains. Even, if there is a therapeutic efficacy of these drugs, there inappropriate amounts are resulting in an adequate therapeutic index, local and systematic side effects, including irritation, reduction in gut flora and other manifestations. To overcome such situations, nanostructures have exclusive physicochemical properties as they are ultra small, their size can be controlled, greater surface area to mass ratio, high reactivity and functionalizable structure. Encapsulation of antimicrobial drugs in these nanoparticle systems helps in reducing many side effec...
Isolation of Alpha Amylase-Producing Bacteria from Local Region of Ambala and Production of Amylase Under Optimized Factors Using Solid-State Fermentation
Current Microbiology
Analysis of Antimicrobial Activity of Woodfordia fruticosa, Adhatoda vasica and Ricinus communis Against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2019
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2013
Medicinal plants are used for the formation of drugs and these plants are used traditionally to c... more Medicinal plants are used for the formation of drugs and these plants are used traditionally to cure various diseases. These medicinal plants contain some phytochemical active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phenols etc., which show antimicrobial activity against the pathogens. The present study investigated the antimicrobial activity of ethanol, methanol and aqueous extract of Calotropis procera , Eichhornia crassipes , and Datura innoxia plants, as determined on four pathogenic bacteria’s i.e. Escherichia coli ( MTCC-40) , Staphylococcus epidermis (MTCC-10623) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC- 424) , and Bacillus subtilius (MTCC- 736) by using well diffusion method. DMSO (Dimethyl Sulphoxide) was used as solvent for plant extracts. Ampicillin and tetracycline was set as a standard and also used to compare the antimicrobial activity of plants on pathogens. Phytochemical analysis was also done for the presence of bioactive compounds. The results showed that the p...
Journal of Nepal Health Research Council
Background: Patient's medical charts in hospitals are potentially contaminated by pathogenic bact... more Background: Patient's medical charts in hospitals are potentially contaminated by pathogenic bacteria and might act as vehicles for transmission of bacterial infections.This study was aimed to determine the rate of contamination of medical charts by multidrug resistant bacteria. Methods: Sampling of total 250 patient's medical charts from different wards was done with the help of cotton swabs soaked in sterile normal saline. The swabs thus collected were cultured using standard microbiological procedures. The colonies grown were then identified with the help of colony morphology, Gram's stain and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Results: Of the total 250 charts sampled, 98.8% grew bacteria; Bacillus spp. in 40.7%, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (17%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp.(CoNS) (17%), Citrobacter freundii (9.6%) and Acinetobacter spp. (4.5%). Rate of multidrug resistance was highest in Acinetobacter spp. (50%). Among 83 isolates of S. aureus, methicillin resistance was found in 29 isolates. Similarly, two out of total 9 isolates of Enterococcus spp. were vancomycin resistant. Conclusions: This study showed that patient's medical charts were contaminated with multidrug resistant bacteria including methicillin resistant S. aureus and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus spp. Strict hand washing before and after handling medical charts is recommended.