Klaus Kayser | Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charité Medical University Berlin (original) (raw)
Klaus Kayser, MD, PhD, Professor of Pathology and Epidemiology, Dr. rer.nat., Dr. med, Dr. honoris causae mult. (Ioannina, Iassi, Yerevan) Graduated from the University of Heidelberg, Physics (1965), The University of Heidelberg, Medical School (1975), Training in Epidemiology (Righshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (1975), diagnostic pathology (Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC, USA (1981),PhD in physics (1970), MD (1975), Specialized in Pathology (1982), in Medical Informatics (1984), and in Molecular Pathology (2002).Certificate of Appreciation, United States Army, MEDDAC, Heidelberg, 2001. Former faculty member of the Heidelberg and Berlin University (Charite Berlin, until today), Head of the Institute of Pathology, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg (University of Heidelberg, until 2005).Pioneer in electronic medical communication (telemedicine and electronic scientific publication), research on image analysis, lectins, structural entropy, and lung cancer. Founder and editor in chief of the peer reviewed open access journal diagnosticpathology.org, and of diagnosticpathology.eu.Author of several textbooks (Height and Weight in Human Beings (1987), Atlas of Bronchoscopy (1990), Analytical Lung Pathology (1992), Natural and Synthetic Mineral Fibers affecting Man (1994), Telepathology (1999), Virtual Microscopy (2006).In German: Medizin und Umwelt (1996, Medicine and Environment), Krebs – Wissen, was stimmt (2005, Cancer – correct knowledge).Essays and fictions (in German: Zeitgedanken und Spiegeldenken (2000, thoughts on time and thinking in a mirrow), Der Tod eines Körperspenders (2005, the death of a body donator), Terror im T-team (2011, terror in the T-team) (decorated with the first price of the Bundesverband Deutscher Schriftsteller-Ärzte (German Medical Writer Association), Restrisiko oder die heiligen Kühe der Nation (2013, unavoidable risk or the holy cows in our nation), Die Wunderlichen Erzählungen des Jupp Kiepenlad (2014, short stories, the whimsical narrations of Jupp Kiepenlad), Erlebtes Erleben (2015, poems, relived relive), Link(s) zu, Paradies – recht(s) nah der Hölle (links (left) to paradise, close (right) to hell (2016).
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Papers by Klaus Kayser
Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica, 2010
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Der Onkologe, 2003
ABSTRACT
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Virchows Archiv, 2005
Numerical and structural centrosome changes have been described for and linked with genetic insta... more Numerical and structural centrosome changes have been described for and linked with genetic instability in solid tumors. Here, we specifically address centrosome aberrations in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence of colorectal cancer by detailed evaluation of gamma-tubulin staining patterns. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens (normal colonic epithelium n=21; low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia n=27, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia n=16 and invasive adenocarcinomas n=33) were stained by an anti-gamma-tubulin antibody using standard immunofluorescence. Three-dimensional image stacks of the stainings were recorded (Zeiss LSM510 confocal microscope), followed by numerical and structural data analysis (DIAS software package) and statistical evaluation (NCSS-software). The mean centrosome signal per cell differed significantly (P<0.0001) between normal colonic epithelium (0.8775) and each low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (1.787), high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (2.259) and invasive carcinomas (2.267). Similarly, both the centrosomes' structural entropy (SE) and minimal spanning tree (MST) differed significantly (P<0.001) between normal (SE=3.956, MST=38.78) and each low- (SE=6.39, MST=26) and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (SE=5.75, MST=26.97) and invasive carcinoma (SE=6.86, MST=28.08). Numerical and structural centrosome dysregulation is seen as early as in low-grade dysplastic lesions of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence of colorectal carcinomas and may, as such, play an initial role in the carcinogenic process.
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Analytical Cellular Pathology, 2014
Optimization of workflow for breast cancer samples with equivocal human epidermal growth factor r... more Optimization of workflow for breast cancer samples with equivocal human epidermal growth factor receptors 2 (HER2)/neu score 2(+) results in routine practice, remains to be a central focus of the on-going efforts to assess HER2 status. According to the College of American Pathologists/American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines equivocal HER2/neu score 2(+) cases are subject for further testing, usually by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) investigations. It still remains on open question, whether quantitative digital image analysis of HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) stained slides can assist in further refining the HER2 score 2(+). To assess utility of quantitative digital analysis of IHC stained slides and compare its performance to FISH in cases of breast cancer with equivocal HER2 score 2(+). Fifteen specimens (previously diagnosed as breast cancer and was evaluated as HER 2(-) score 2(+)) represented the study population. Contemporary new cuts were prepared for re-evaluation of HER2 immunohistochemical studies and FISH examination. All the cases were digitally scanned by iScan (Produced by BioImagene [Now Roche-Ventana]). The IHC signals of HER2 were measured using an automated image analyzing system (MECES, www.Diagnomx.eu/meces). Finally, a comparative study was done between the results of the FISH and the quantitative analysis of the virtual slides. Three out of the 15 cases with equivocal HER2 score 2(+), turned out to be positive (3(+)) by quantitative digital analysis, and 12 were found to be negative in FISH too. Two of these three positive cases proved to be positive with FISH, and only one was negative. Quantitative digital analysis is highly sensitive and relatively specific when compared to FISH in detecting HER2/neu overexpression. Therefore, it represents a potential reliable substitute for FISH in breast cancer cases, which desire further refinement of equivocal IHC results.
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The Histochemical Journal, 1988
Tissue blocks taken from healthy human lung tissues, from primary bronchial carcinoma and from me... more Tissue blocks taken from healthy human lung tissues, from primary bronchial carcinoma and from mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes were placed in the following solutions: Tris buffer; buffered formalin (0.5%, 1%, 7%); 0.1 mol NaCl; distilled water; DMSO (1%, 10%, 20%); acetone (10%); methanol (50%, 80%, 100%); glutaraldehyde (2.5%), and fixed by use of a commercial microwave oven. Tissue blocks obtained from the same surgical specimens were fixed in 7% buffered formalin for 24 h for comparison. Conventional and microwave-fixed tissue was embedded in paraffin, and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Fifteen specimens of each group and each solution were examined by light microscopy. Minimum diameter and area of 100 nuclei of each specimen were measured interactively. Histomorphological sections fixed with Tris buffer in a microwave oven revealed best morphological results showing more contrast in chromatin distribution of nuclei and 'opening' of interstitial lung capillaries in comparison to conventional formalin-fixed specimens. No statistically significant differences in area and minimum diameter of nuclei between the different groups were found. Microwave fixation using Tris buffer is a time-saving fixation method at least comparable to conventional formalin fixation. It is not accompanied by hazards to the environment that are unavoidable by formalin fixation.
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APMIS, 1991
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Lung Cancer, 2005
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Histochemistry and cell biology, Jan 9, 2015
Recognition of glycans by lectins leads to cell adhesion and growth regulation. The specificity a... more Recognition of glycans by lectins leads to cell adhesion and growth regulation. The specificity and selectivity of this process are determined by carbohydrate structure (sequence and shape) and topology of its presentation. The synthesis of (neo)glycoconjugates with bi- to oligo-valency (glycoclusters) affords tools to delineate structure-activity relationships by blocking lectin binding to an artificial matrix, often a glycoprotein, or cultured cell lines. The drawback of these assays is that glycan presentation is different from that in tissues. In order to approach the natural context, we here introduce lectin histochemistry on fixed tissue sections to determine the susceptibility of binding of two plant lectins, i.e., GSA-II and WGA, to a series of 10 glycoclusters. Besides valency, this panel covers changes in the anomeric position (α/β) and the atom at the glycosidic linkage (O/S). Flanked by cell and solid-phase assays with human tumor lines and two mucins, respectively, stai...
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Anticancer research
Superoxide production by neutrophils is believed to contribute to the efficiency of the host defe... more Superoxide production by neutrophils is believed to contribute to the efficiency of the host defence system. This activity is stimulated by the mannose-specific lectin concanavalin A, the N-acetylglucosamine/neuraminic acid-specific wheat germ agglutinin and the galactoside-specific lectins from Viscum album and human placenta. To assess whether this aspect of immune function is affected in cancer patients without or with treatment, neutrophil preparations from 69 patients were examined. Reductions in O2.(-)-production were observed for bronchial carcinoma patients after incubation with concanavalin A and the human lectin, while samples from breast cancer patients without or with treatment exhibited no significantly altered activity in the presence of each of the four agglutinins. Chemotherapy of lung and colorectal carcinoma patients reduced the neutrophilic response to concanavalin A and Viscum album agglutinin. As similarly shown for 9 specimens from other carcinoma types and from hemopoietic malignancies, there is no general impairment of responsiveness. In addition to the property of the lectin, the large extent of interindividual variation should be taken into account when it is attempted to enhance this factor of the host defence system against infections and malignant cells.
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Der Chirurg
Pulmonary nodules resected in 10 patients were histologically classified as benign metastatic lei... more Pulmonary nodules resected in 10 patients were histologically classified as benign metastatic leiomyoma of the uterus. Hysterectomy because of myoma had been performed between 0 and 24 years earlier (median 14.9 years). Between 1 and 27 nodules were found in one or both lungs. Patients presenting with a single nodule had it resected with diagnostic intent and were followed up. Multiple nodules were resected if the loss of parenchyma was tolerable; otherwise, one lesion was resected for diagnosis. In some cases antihormonal therapy was performed postoperatively. The median duration of follow-up was 4.7 years. In this time, no local complication occurred, and no patient died of this disease. Apparently, benign metastatic leiomyoma of the uterus biologically shows benign behaviour. New manifestation or progressing growth of non-resected lesions does occur, however. Consequently, regular follow-up is required. Local complications indicate surgical intervention.
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Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology / the International Academy of Cytology [and] American Society of Cytology
To investigate potential disease- and prognosis-associated nuclear and cellular features from cel... more To investigate potential disease- and prognosis-associated nuclear and cellular features from cell properties in a prospective study on malignant pleural effusions. Integrated nuclear fluorescence and the expression of binding capacities of carrier-immobilized estradiol, progesterone and testosterone; and of labeled sarcolectin; and the presence of calcyclin were measured in 50 cases with proven malignant pleural effusions (10 mesotheliomas, 40 metastasizing tumors). A double fluorescence technique using the fluorochrome DAPI and a Texas Red-based avidin-biotin detection system were applied. Detailed clinical data, including the follow-up for up to 40 months, were included. Pleural effusions in all patients with mesotheliomas occurred prior to (9/10) or at the time of histologic confirmation. Mesotheliomas had the highest tumor cell fraction (12.4%) in S phase and breast carcinomas the lowest (10.7%). More than 80% of malignant cells expressed binding capacities for the applied probes. A statistically significant correlation was noted between the S-phase-related tumor cell fraction and the expression of progesterone receptors. Survival was associated with tumor origin, treatment by pleurodesis, and certain cytometric and histochemical features. The immunofluorescence double-staining technique can be applied successfully in malignant effusions to combine DNA measurements with those of immunohistochemical and ligand histochemical reactivity.
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Folia Neuropathologica
ABSTRACT
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Anticancer research
Squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus, a disease with poor prognosis, are especially frequent... more Squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus, a disease with poor prognosis, are especially frequent in China and South Africa. To initiate the study of endogenous lectins in this tumor class we employed synthetic neoglycoconjugates and focused on galectins as markers. Histological sections of 43 cases of esophageal carcinomas were analyzed with labeled galectins-1 and -3 and their specific antibodies, neoglycoconjugates exposing chemically prepared histo-blood group A-, B- and H-trisaccharides and the antibody MIB-1 (Ki-67). Features of structural and numerical staining intensities determined quantitatively were correlated to clinical data sets of pTN stages, sex and age of patients. Low tumor stages (pT1/T2) were seen in 10/43 cases (23%) and 65% of the carcinomas surgically treated lacked notable lymph node involvement (pN0). The women were younger than the men (47 years versus 54 years). The proliferation activity of the tumor cells was high and amounted to 75% at average. The presence of galectin-1 and the structural entropy of distribution of staining with carrier-immobilized A-trisaccharide were associated with pN stages. These initial data indicate that distinct glycohistochemical features appear to have prognostic significance in this tumor class, adding to the emerging significance of this marker class in lung cancer.
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Anticancer research
This study was performed to explore whether lectin-induced generation of superoxide anions by neu... more This study was performed to explore whether lectin-induced generation of superoxide anions by neutrophils, lectin-induced degranulation of these cells and NO-synthase activity in pleural effusions can be used as prognostic factors of primary lung cancer patients. Among the activities tested, increased generation of superoxide by Triticum vulgaris agglutinin (WGA)-activated neutrophils showed prognostic relevance. Thus, this lectin-dependent reactivity of immune cells warrants further investigation in addition to the histochemical analysis.
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Der Pathologe
Evaluation of prognosis-associated parameters in patients with small cell lung carcinoma. Biopsie... more Evaluation of prognosis-associated parameters in patients with small cell lung carcinoma. Biopsies of 46 patients suffering from a non-treated small cell lung carcinoma were stained with Feulgen and immunohistochemically with Ki-67 antibody. The integrated optical density (IOD) and proliferation rate was measured by syntactic structure analysis and correlated with survival. About 85% of patients had a smoking history (46 pack years on average). The median survival time was 13.5 months, the proliferation rate (Ki-67 positive tumor cell nuclei) 68.2% and S-phase percentage 9.2%. Ot average, 25 proliferating tumor cell nuclei formed clusters (mean diameter 95 microns). The prognosis was associated with the proliferation rate (p < 0.04), tumor stage (stage I versus lib, p < 0.05), at threshold limits with S-phase rate (p < 0.07) and serum levels of LDH and NSE (p < 0.06 and p < 0.07 respectively). Immune histochemical determination of the Ki-67 protein is a useful method to estimate the prognosis of patients with small cell lung carcinoma.
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Histology and histopathology
The aim of this study was to glyco- and immunohistochemically analyze expression of distinct grow... more The aim of this study was to glyco- and immunohistochemically analyze expression of distinct growth/adhesion-related markers of primary testicular carcinomas and their lung metastases in relation to the risk of developing lung metastases and survival of patients, and to correlate immunohistochemical staining profile and syntactic structure analysis in order to delineate new prognostic parameters for this tumor type. Clinical features of 50 patients with primary testicular carcinomas and their corresponding lung metastases were evaluated and compared to those of a control cohort of 25 cases. The set of eight probes including labeled galectins-1 and -3, specific non-cross-reactive antibodies against galectins-1, -3, and -8 as well as anti-Ki-67, anti-bcl-2, and anti-p53 was applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor sections of both primary and metastatic lesions. Syntactic structure analysis computed staining intensities and structural features of the tumor cells. These parameters were set into relation separately and in combination to clinical data including tumor stages, smoking habits, applied cytostatic therapy, disease-free interval, and survival. The risk of testis cancer patients to develop lung metastases depends in descending order on the tumor cell type (non-seminoma versus seminoma), tumor cell heterogeneity (mixed versus monomorphous cell type), age of patients, and pT stage. The extent of differential expression of galectin-related features between primary and secondary lesions was pronounced. Prognostic correlations for distinct galectin-related features were delineated in combination with data from syntactic structure analysis, for example cluster radius of galectin-3-positive tumor cells and post-surgical and total survival. Lengths of disease-free interval and total survival of patients were also correlated to characteristics obtained by syntactic structure analysis and their combination with galectin data in the first place, then to smoking habits, percentage of proliferating cells in the primary and secondary tumors, and finally to expression of certain galectins and of p53. Patients with non-seminoma testicular cancer should be thoroughly controlled for lung metastases. Regarding marker selection, our study underscores that further investigation of the growth-regulatory network of galectins is clearly warranted.
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Advances in clinical pathology: the official journal of Adriatic Society of Pathology
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Magyar Onkológia
ABSTRACT
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Electronic Journal of Pathology and Histology
ABSTRACT
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Zentralblatt für Pathologie
A set of labelled neoglycoproteins and sulfated polysaccharides, recognizing carbohydrate recepto... more A set of labelled neoglycoproteins and sulfated polysaccharides, recognizing carbohydrate receptors specific for glucose (glu), mannose (man), lactose (lac), fucose (fuc), fucoidan (fud), dextran sulfate (dex), and heparin (hep), as well as polyclonal antibodies specific for an endogenous beta-galactoside-specific lectin of molecular weight 14kD (A14kD) and a heparin-binding lectin (AHL) have been applied to the main arteries of 10 autopsy cases. Slides of the following types of vessels were incubated with solutions of the biotinylated probes or antibodies at room temperature for 60 min: right and left coronary artery, carotid artery, abdominal and thoracic aorta, pulmonal artery, and the left femoral artery. Atherosclerotic lesions and non-atherosclerotic areas were analyzed for each individual type of vessel. The percentage of the determined expression of the presence of specific binding sites for the various probes was the lowest in the carotid and cardiac arteries, and the highest in the pulmonal artery. Pronounced quantitative differences between the normal and atherosclerotic arterial walls were noted for binding of fuc-, man-, and lac-exposing neoglyco-proteins of the right coronary artery and the carotid artery. Pulmonal and femoral arteries differed with respect to fucoidan or dextran sulfate binding. The heparin-specific lectin and the 14kD-lectin were found to be present in nearly all arterial walls, independent from the localization and the presence of an atherosclerotic lesion. The findings suggest that the expression of sugar receptors, as assessed by labelled neoglycoproteins or sulfated polysaccharides, may be of importance in the development of atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary and carotid arteries.
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Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica, 2010
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Der Onkologe, 2003
ABSTRACT
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Virchows Archiv, 2005
Numerical and structural centrosome changes have been described for and linked with genetic insta... more Numerical and structural centrosome changes have been described for and linked with genetic instability in solid tumors. Here, we specifically address centrosome aberrations in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence of colorectal cancer by detailed evaluation of gamma-tubulin staining patterns. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens (normal colonic epithelium n=21; low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia n=27, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia n=16 and invasive adenocarcinomas n=33) were stained by an anti-gamma-tubulin antibody using standard immunofluorescence. Three-dimensional image stacks of the stainings were recorded (Zeiss LSM510 confocal microscope), followed by numerical and structural data analysis (DIAS software package) and statistical evaluation (NCSS-software). The mean centrosome signal per cell differed significantly (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.0001) between normal colonic epithelium (0.8775) and each low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (1.787), high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (2.259) and invasive carcinomas (2.267). Similarly, both the centrosomes&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; structural entropy (SE) and minimal spanning tree (MST) differed significantly (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001) between normal (SE=3.956, MST=38.78) and each low- (SE=6.39, MST=26) and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (SE=5.75, MST=26.97) and invasive carcinoma (SE=6.86, MST=28.08). Numerical and structural centrosome dysregulation is seen as early as in low-grade dysplastic lesions of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence of colorectal carcinomas and may, as such, play an initial role in the carcinogenic process.
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Analytical Cellular Pathology, 2014
Optimization of workflow for breast cancer samples with equivocal human epidermal growth factor r... more Optimization of workflow for breast cancer samples with equivocal human epidermal growth factor receptors 2 (HER2)/neu score 2(+) results in routine practice, remains to be a central focus of the on-going efforts to assess HER2 status. According to the College of American Pathologists/American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines equivocal HER2/neu score 2(+) cases are subject for further testing, usually by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) investigations. It still remains on open question, whether quantitative digital image analysis of HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) stained slides can assist in further refining the HER2 score 2(+). To assess utility of quantitative digital analysis of IHC stained slides and compare its performance to FISH in cases of breast cancer with equivocal HER2 score 2(+). Fifteen specimens (previously diagnosed as breast cancer and was evaluated as HER 2(-) score 2(+)) represented the study population. Contemporary new cuts were prepared for re-evaluation of HER2 immunohistochemical studies and FISH examination. All the cases were digitally scanned by iScan (Produced by BioImagene [Now Roche-Ventana]). The IHC signals of HER2 were measured using an automated image analyzing system (MECES, www.Diagnomx.eu/meces). Finally, a comparative study was done between the results of the FISH and the quantitative analysis of the virtual slides. Three out of the 15 cases with equivocal HER2 score 2(+), turned out to be positive (3(+)) by quantitative digital analysis, and 12 were found to be negative in FISH too. Two of these three positive cases proved to be positive with FISH, and only one was negative. Quantitative digital analysis is highly sensitive and relatively specific when compared to FISH in detecting HER2/neu overexpression. Therefore, it represents a potential reliable substitute for FISH in breast cancer cases, which desire further refinement of equivocal IHC results.
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The Histochemical Journal, 1988
Tissue blocks taken from healthy human lung tissues, from primary bronchial carcinoma and from me... more Tissue blocks taken from healthy human lung tissues, from primary bronchial carcinoma and from mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes were placed in the following solutions: Tris buffer; buffered formalin (0.5%, 1%, 7%); 0.1 mol NaCl; distilled water; DMSO (1%, 10%, 20%); acetone (10%); methanol (50%, 80%, 100%); glutaraldehyde (2.5%), and fixed by use of a commercial microwave oven. Tissue blocks obtained from the same surgical specimens were fixed in 7% buffered formalin for 24 h for comparison. Conventional and microwave-fixed tissue was embedded in paraffin, and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Fifteen specimens of each group and each solution were examined by light microscopy. Minimum diameter and area of 100 nuclei of each specimen were measured interactively. Histomorphological sections fixed with Tris buffer in a microwave oven revealed best morphological results showing more contrast in chromatin distribution of nuclei and 'opening' of interstitial lung capillaries in comparison to conventional formalin-fixed specimens. No statistically significant differences in area and minimum diameter of nuclei between the different groups were found. Microwave fixation using Tris buffer is a time-saving fixation method at least comparable to conventional formalin fixation. It is not accompanied by hazards to the environment that are unavoidable by formalin fixation.
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APMIS, 1991
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Lung Cancer, 2005
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Histochemistry and cell biology, Jan 9, 2015
Recognition of glycans by lectins leads to cell adhesion and growth regulation. The specificity a... more Recognition of glycans by lectins leads to cell adhesion and growth regulation. The specificity and selectivity of this process are determined by carbohydrate structure (sequence and shape) and topology of its presentation. The synthesis of (neo)glycoconjugates with bi- to oligo-valency (glycoclusters) affords tools to delineate structure-activity relationships by blocking lectin binding to an artificial matrix, often a glycoprotein, or cultured cell lines. The drawback of these assays is that glycan presentation is different from that in tissues. In order to approach the natural context, we here introduce lectin histochemistry on fixed tissue sections to determine the susceptibility of binding of two plant lectins, i.e., GSA-II and WGA, to a series of 10 glycoclusters. Besides valency, this panel covers changes in the anomeric position (α/β) and the atom at the glycosidic linkage (O/S). Flanked by cell and solid-phase assays with human tumor lines and two mucins, respectively, stai...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Anticancer research
Superoxide production by neutrophils is believed to contribute to the efficiency of the host defe... more Superoxide production by neutrophils is believed to contribute to the efficiency of the host defence system. This activity is stimulated by the mannose-specific lectin concanavalin A, the N-acetylglucosamine/neuraminic acid-specific wheat germ agglutinin and the galactoside-specific lectins from Viscum album and human placenta. To assess whether this aspect of immune function is affected in cancer patients without or with treatment, neutrophil preparations from 69 patients were examined. Reductions in O2.(-)-production were observed for bronchial carcinoma patients after incubation with concanavalin A and the human lectin, while samples from breast cancer patients without or with treatment exhibited no significantly altered activity in the presence of each of the four agglutinins. Chemotherapy of lung and colorectal carcinoma patients reduced the neutrophilic response to concanavalin A and Viscum album agglutinin. As similarly shown for 9 specimens from other carcinoma types and from hemopoietic malignancies, there is no general impairment of responsiveness. In addition to the property of the lectin, the large extent of interindividual variation should be taken into account when it is attempted to enhance this factor of the host defence system against infections and malignant cells.
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Der Chirurg
Pulmonary nodules resected in 10 patients were histologically classified as benign metastatic lei... more Pulmonary nodules resected in 10 patients were histologically classified as benign metastatic leiomyoma of the uterus. Hysterectomy because of myoma had been performed between 0 and 24 years earlier (median 14.9 years). Between 1 and 27 nodules were found in one or both lungs. Patients presenting with a single nodule had it resected with diagnostic intent and were followed up. Multiple nodules were resected if the loss of parenchyma was tolerable; otherwise, one lesion was resected for diagnosis. In some cases antihormonal therapy was performed postoperatively. The median duration of follow-up was 4.7 years. In this time, no local complication occurred, and no patient died of this disease. Apparently, benign metastatic leiomyoma of the uterus biologically shows benign behaviour. New manifestation or progressing growth of non-resected lesions does occur, however. Consequently, regular follow-up is required. Local complications indicate surgical intervention.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology / the International Academy of Cytology [and] American Society of Cytology
To investigate potential disease- and prognosis-associated nuclear and cellular features from cel... more To investigate potential disease- and prognosis-associated nuclear and cellular features from cell properties in a prospective study on malignant pleural effusions. Integrated nuclear fluorescence and the expression of binding capacities of carrier-immobilized estradiol, progesterone and testosterone; and of labeled sarcolectin; and the presence of calcyclin were measured in 50 cases with proven malignant pleural effusions (10 mesotheliomas, 40 metastasizing tumors). A double fluorescence technique using the fluorochrome DAPI and a Texas Red-based avidin-biotin detection system were applied. Detailed clinical data, including the follow-up for up to 40 months, were included. Pleural effusions in all patients with mesotheliomas occurred prior to (9/10) or at the time of histologic confirmation. Mesotheliomas had the highest tumor cell fraction (12.4%) in S phase and breast carcinomas the lowest (10.7%). More than 80% of malignant cells expressed binding capacities for the applied probes. A statistically significant correlation was noted between the S-phase-related tumor cell fraction and the expression of progesterone receptors. Survival was associated with tumor origin, treatment by pleurodesis, and certain cytometric and histochemical features. The immunofluorescence double-staining technique can be applied successfully in malignant effusions to combine DNA measurements with those of immunohistochemical and ligand histochemical reactivity.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Folia Neuropathologica
ABSTRACT
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Anticancer research
Squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus, a disease with poor prognosis, are especially frequent... more Squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus, a disease with poor prognosis, are especially frequent in China and South Africa. To initiate the study of endogenous lectins in this tumor class we employed synthetic neoglycoconjugates and focused on galectins as markers. Histological sections of 43 cases of esophageal carcinomas were analyzed with labeled galectins-1 and -3 and their specific antibodies, neoglycoconjugates exposing chemically prepared histo-blood group A-, B- and H-trisaccharides and the antibody MIB-1 (Ki-67). Features of structural and numerical staining intensities determined quantitatively were correlated to clinical data sets of pTN stages, sex and age of patients. Low tumor stages (pT1/T2) were seen in 10/43 cases (23%) and 65% of the carcinomas surgically treated lacked notable lymph node involvement (pN0). The women were younger than the men (47 years versus 54 years). The proliferation activity of the tumor cells was high and amounted to 75% at average. The presence of galectin-1 and the structural entropy of distribution of staining with carrier-immobilized A-trisaccharide were associated with pN stages. These initial data indicate that distinct glycohistochemical features appear to have prognostic significance in this tumor class, adding to the emerging significance of this marker class in lung cancer.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Anticancer research
This study was performed to explore whether lectin-induced generation of superoxide anions by neu... more This study was performed to explore whether lectin-induced generation of superoxide anions by neutrophils, lectin-induced degranulation of these cells and NO-synthase activity in pleural effusions can be used as prognostic factors of primary lung cancer patients. Among the activities tested, increased generation of superoxide by Triticum vulgaris agglutinin (WGA)-activated neutrophils showed prognostic relevance. Thus, this lectin-dependent reactivity of immune cells warrants further investigation in addition to the histochemical analysis.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Der Pathologe
Evaluation of prognosis-associated parameters in patients with small cell lung carcinoma. Biopsie... more Evaluation of prognosis-associated parameters in patients with small cell lung carcinoma. Biopsies of 46 patients suffering from a non-treated small cell lung carcinoma were stained with Feulgen and immunohistochemically with Ki-67 antibody. The integrated optical density (IOD) and proliferation rate was measured by syntactic structure analysis and correlated with survival. About 85% of patients had a smoking history (46 pack years on average). The median survival time was 13.5 months, the proliferation rate (Ki-67 positive tumor cell nuclei) 68.2% and S-phase percentage 9.2%. Ot average, 25 proliferating tumor cell nuclei formed clusters (mean diameter 95 microns). The prognosis was associated with the proliferation rate (p < 0.04), tumor stage (stage I versus lib, p < 0.05), at threshold limits with S-phase rate (p < 0.07) and serum levels of LDH and NSE (p < 0.06 and p < 0.07 respectively). Immune histochemical determination of the Ki-67 protein is a useful method to estimate the prognosis of patients with small cell lung carcinoma.
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Histology and histopathology
The aim of this study was to glyco- and immunohistochemically analyze expression of distinct grow... more The aim of this study was to glyco- and immunohistochemically analyze expression of distinct growth/adhesion-related markers of primary testicular carcinomas and their lung metastases in relation to the risk of developing lung metastases and survival of patients, and to correlate immunohistochemical staining profile and syntactic structure analysis in order to delineate new prognostic parameters for this tumor type. Clinical features of 50 patients with primary testicular carcinomas and their corresponding lung metastases were evaluated and compared to those of a control cohort of 25 cases. The set of eight probes including labeled galectins-1 and -3, specific non-cross-reactive antibodies against galectins-1, -3, and -8 as well as anti-Ki-67, anti-bcl-2, and anti-p53 was applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor sections of both primary and metastatic lesions. Syntactic structure analysis computed staining intensities and structural features of the tumor cells. These parameters were set into relation separately and in combination to clinical data including tumor stages, smoking habits, applied cytostatic therapy, disease-free interval, and survival. The risk of testis cancer patients to develop lung metastases depends in descending order on the tumor cell type (non-seminoma versus seminoma), tumor cell heterogeneity (mixed versus monomorphous cell type), age of patients, and pT stage. The extent of differential expression of galectin-related features between primary and secondary lesions was pronounced. Prognostic correlations for distinct galectin-related features were delineated in combination with data from syntactic structure analysis, for example cluster radius of galectin-3-positive tumor cells and post-surgical and total survival. Lengths of disease-free interval and total survival of patients were also correlated to characteristics obtained by syntactic structure analysis and their combination with galectin data in the first place, then to smoking habits, percentage of proliferating cells in the primary and secondary tumors, and finally to expression of certain galectins and of p53. Patients with non-seminoma testicular cancer should be thoroughly controlled for lung metastases. Regarding marker selection, our study underscores that further investigation of the growth-regulatory network of galectins is clearly warranted.
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Advances in clinical pathology: the official journal of Adriatic Society of Pathology
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Magyar Onkológia
ABSTRACT
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Electronic Journal of Pathology and Histology
ABSTRACT
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Zentralblatt für Pathologie
A set of labelled neoglycoproteins and sulfated polysaccharides, recognizing carbohydrate recepto... more A set of labelled neoglycoproteins and sulfated polysaccharides, recognizing carbohydrate receptors specific for glucose (glu), mannose (man), lactose (lac), fucose (fuc), fucoidan (fud), dextran sulfate (dex), and heparin (hep), as well as polyclonal antibodies specific for an endogenous beta-galactoside-specific lectin of molecular weight 14kD (A14kD) and a heparin-binding lectin (AHL) have been applied to the main arteries of 10 autopsy cases. Slides of the following types of vessels were incubated with solutions of the biotinylated probes or antibodies at room temperature for 60 min: right and left coronary artery, carotid artery, abdominal and thoracic aorta, pulmonal artery, and the left femoral artery. Atherosclerotic lesions and non-atherosclerotic areas were analyzed for each individual type of vessel. The percentage of the determined expression of the presence of specific binding sites for the various probes was the lowest in the carotid and cardiac arteries, and the highest in the pulmonal artery. Pronounced quantitative differences between the normal and atherosclerotic arterial walls were noted for binding of fuc-, man-, and lac-exposing neoglyco-proteins of the right coronary artery and the carotid artery. Pulmonal and femoral arteries differed with respect to fucoidan or dextran sulfate binding. The heparin-specific lectin and the 14kD-lectin were found to be present in nearly all arterial walls, independent from the localization and the presence of an atherosclerotic lesion. The findings suggest that the expression of sugar receptors, as assessed by labelled neoglycoproteins or sulfated polysaccharides, may be of importance in the development of atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary and carotid arteries.
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