kawaljit randhawa | Charusat University (original) (raw)

Papers by kawaljit randhawa

Research paper thumbnail of Photocatalytic Degradation of Pollutants Using Advanced Ceramics: Materials, Mechanism, Synthesis, and Applications

Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials, Apr 12, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Polymer composites with advanced pigments: enhancing properties and applications

Pigment & resin technology, Jul 4, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Investigations of the influence of hexagonal boron nitride particulates on mechanical & tribological properties of PA66

Journal of physics, Dec 1, 2020

The present research investigates the influence of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) particulates on... more The present research investigates the influence of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) particulates on PA66 composite’s mechanical and tribological properties. The compounding of 5wt% h-BN and PA66 matrix was done with the help of twin-screw extruder. Specimens of pure PA66 and PA66/h-BN composites were prepared by the injection moulding process. Mechanical and tribological properties i.e. tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, Rockwell hardness, friction coefficient and wear rates were measured in this research to quantify the different properties of materials. Results shows that the modulus of elasticity and Rockwell hardness of composites were improved while the tensile strength was found decreased in negligible amount compare to pure PA66. The h-BN fillers were found to be effective in reducing wear and friction of PA66/h-BN composite in tribological testing.

Research paper thumbnail of Hygroscopic analysis and tribo-mechanical characterization of biocompatible PP/PA6/Boron sesquioxide composite

Pigment & Resin Technology

Purpose The purpose of this study is to look into the hygroscopic and tribo-mechanical properties... more Purpose The purpose of this study is to look into the hygroscopic and tribo-mechanical properties of a polypropylene/polyamide-6 (PP/PA6) blend and a PP/PA6/Boron sesquioxide composite. Design/methodology/approach The hygroscopic behaviour of the PP/PA6 blend and PP/PA6/Boron sesquioxide composite was studied using a water contact angle goniometer in this study. To validate the hygroscopic behaviour of the blend and composite, water contact angles and surface energy of the materials were investigated. Tensile strength and hardness tests were used to determine mechanical characteristics, and tribological experiments on a pin-on-disc tribometer were used to demonstrate the friction and wear rates of dry and water-conditioned blends and composites. The melting temperature of dry and water-conditioned composites was determined using DSC analysis. Findings The hygroscopic effect of the PP/PA6 blend was found to be minimal in the experiment, while it was relatively dominating in the PP/PA...

Research paper thumbnail of A state-of-the-art review on advanced ceramic materials: fabrication, characteristics, applications, and wettability

Pigment & Resin Technology

Purpose The purpose of this study is to prepare a state-of-the-art review on advanced ceramic mat... more Purpose The purpose of this study is to prepare a state-of-the-art review on advanced ceramic materials including their fabrication techniques, characteristics, applications and wettability. Design/methodology/approach This review paper presents the various types of advanced ceramic materials according to their compounding elements, fabrication techniques of advanced ceramic powders as well as their consolidation, their characteristics, applications and wetting properties. Hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties of advanced ceramic materials are described in the paper with their state-of-the-art application areas. Optical properties of fine ceramics with their intrinsic characteristics are also presented within. Special focus is given to the brief description of application-based manipulation of wetting properties of advanced ceramics in the paper. Findings The study of wetting/hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of ceramic materials is important by which it can be further modified to achieve ...

Research paper thumbnail of Hygroscopicity Analysis and Tribo-mechanical Characterizations of Conditioned PA6/MoS2/h-BN Hybrid Composite

Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, Jan 9, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Hygroscopic behaviour analysis of biocompatible PA6 and PA6 composites containing oxide and nitride compounds of boron

Research paper thumbnail of Tribo-mechanical characterisation of MoS2 and H-BN reinforced PA66 composite

Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering

Research paper thumbnail of Author response for "The effect of environmental humidity/water absorption on tribo-mechanical performance of polymers and polymer composites – a review

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of water absorption on friction, wear and abrasion resistance of PA6-hBN composites

Engineering Research Express, 2021

Investigations on the tribological properties, i.e., abrasion resistance, friction coefficient, a... more Investigations on the tribological properties, i.e., abrasion resistance, friction coefficient, and wear of water conditioned polyamide6/hexagonal boron nitride composites were carried out in this research. Polyamide6 and polyamide6/hexagonal boron nitride composites were fabricated with the help of a twin-screw extruder and injection moulding machine. Fabricated materials were water immersed for 15 days to analyse the effect of water absorption on the tribological properties of materials. Tribological tests were carried out on a pin-on-disc tribometer, and abrasion resistance tests were performed on a TABER abrader. The SEM analysis was carried out to analyse the wear tracks of water conditioned composites. Testing on TABER abrader revealed the loss in abrasive resistance of composite materials, while tribological testing of composites with steel as the other mating and rubbing surface revealed improvements in COF and wear after water absorption. The SEM images revealed less depth ...

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of water absorption on mechanical properties and glass transition temperatures of polyamide6/hexagonal boron nitride composites

International Journal of Structural Integrity, 2021

PurposeThe absorption of moisture/water can affect the mechanical and thermal properties of polym... more PurposeThe absorption of moisture/water can affect the mechanical and thermal properties of polymers and polymer composites as many polymers, mainly polyamide thermoplastics, are sensitive to environmental humidity and can absorb a large amount of moisture. This paper investigates the effect of water molecules' absorption on mechanical and thermal properties of polyamide6/hexagonal boron nitride (PA6/h-BN) composites.Design/methodology/approachThe PA6/h-BN composites were exposed to an open environment and water for 15 days to analyse the effect of humidity/water molecules' absorption on mechanical and thermal properties. The tensile strength, hardness and impact strength of materials were measured and compared. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses were utilized to see the influence of water absorption on microstructure, crystallinity and glass transition temperatures.FindingsAfter exposing mater...

Research paper thumbnail of Tribological performance of self-lubricated polyamide6/boric oxide composites after water conditioning

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the tribological performance, i.e. abrasion resistance, fr... more Purpose This paper aims to investigate the tribological performance, i.e. abrasion resistance, friction coefficient and wear rates, of self-lubricated water conditioned polyamide6/boric oxide composites. Design/methodology/approach Polyamide6 and polyamide6/boric oxide self-lubricated composites were immersed in water for 15 days to analyze the effect of water conditioning on friction, wear and abrasion resistance. Tribological testing on pin-on-disc tribometer and abrasion resistance testing on TABER abrader were performed to see the friction coefficient and wear rates of materials. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterizations were performed to analyze the wear tracks. Findings Tribological testing results revealed the loss in abrasive resistance, but there was an improvement in frictional coefficient and wear rates with steel after water absorption. The SEM images clearly show less depth of wear tracks in water-conditioned materials than dry ones. Water conditioning wa...

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of moisture/water absorption on mechanical and thermal properties of polyamide6/boric oxide composites

Pigment & Resin Technology

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the mechanical and thermal behavior, i.e. tensile strength... more Purpose This paper aims to investigate the mechanical and thermal behavior, i.e. tensile strength, hardness, impact strength and glass transition temperatures of water-treated polyamide6/boric oxide (PA) composites. Design/methodology/approach The PA6 and PA6/boric oxide composites were exposed to an open environment and immersed in water for 15 days to analyze the effect of environmental humidity and frequent water immersion conditions on the composite’s mechanical and thermal properties. The tensile strength, elastic modulus, hardness and impact strength of materials were measured to identify the mechanical properties. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) characterizations were used to see the effect of humidity/water absorption on microstructure, crystallinity and glass transition temperatures. Findings The testing results revealed the loss in strength, elastic modulus and hardness, while the impact resistance...

Research paper thumbnail of A review on tribo-mechanical properties of micro- and nanoparticulate-filled nylon composites

Journal of Polymer Engineering, 2021

Nylon composites are of evolving interest due to their good strength, toughness, and low coeffici... more Nylon composites are of evolving interest due to their good strength, toughness, and low coefficient of friction. Various fillers like micro- and nanoparticulates of metals and metal compounds were used to enhance the mechanical and tribological properties of nylons for many years by researchers. In this paper, an overall understanding of composites, filler materials, especially particulate filler materials, application areas of polymer composites, wear of polymers, and the effect of various fillers on tribo-mechanical properties of nylons have been discussed. The detailed review is limited to micro- and nanoparticulate fillers and their influence on the mechanical and tribological properties of various nylon matrices.

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of environmental humidity/water absorption on tribo-mechanical performance of polymers and polymer composites – a review

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology

Purpose The mechanical and tribological properties of polymers and polymer composites vary with d... more Purpose The mechanical and tribological properties of polymers and polymer composites vary with different environmental conditions. This paper aims to review the influence of humidity/water conditions on various polymers and polymer composites' mechanical properties and tribological behaviors. Design/methodology/approach The influence of humidity and water absorption on mechanical and tribological properties of various polymers, fillers and composites has been discussed in this paper. Tensile strength, modulus, yield strength, impact strength, COF and wear rates of polymer composites are compared for different environmental conditions. The interaction between the water molecules and hydrophobic polymers is also represented. Findings Pure polymer matrices show somewhat mixed behavior in humid environments. Absorbed moisture generally plasticizes the epoxies and polyamides and lowers the tensile strength, yield strength and modulus. Wear rates of PVC generally decrease in humid en...

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of h-BN fillers on mechanical and tribological properties of PP/PA6 blend

World Journal of Engineering

Purpose The purpose of this study is to improve the mechanical and tribological performance of po... more Purpose The purpose of this study is to improve the mechanical and tribological performance of polypropylene (PP) material. The influence of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) microparticles on mechanical and tribological properties of PP/polyamide 6 (nylon 6) (PA6) blend has been investigated in this paper. Design/methodology/approach Tensile strength, elongation, elastic modulus and Rockwell hardness were measured to identify the mechanical properties of materials. Coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rates of materials were measured with the help of a pin-on-disc tribometer to check the tribological behavior of blend and composite materials. Findings As a result, a small decrease in tensile strength and elongation and improvement in elastic modulus were found for PP/PA6 and PP/PA6/h-BN composite compared to pure PP. The wear rate of PP/PA6 blend and PP/PA6/h-BN composite was found low compared to pure PP matrix, while the COF of PP/PA6 blend was found slightly higher owing to the p...

Research paper thumbnail of Enhancing tribo-mechanical properties and thermal stability of nylon 6 by hexagonal boron nitride fillers

e-Polymers

Mechanical and tribological properties of nylon 6 and nylon 6/h-BN composites were investigated i... more Mechanical and tribological properties of nylon 6 and nylon 6/h-BN composites were investigated in this paper. Tensile, hardness, and impact tests were carried out for mechanical properties, while wear tests on pin-on-disc were carried out for tribological properties identification. Abrasion resistance tests were carried out on the TABER apparatus to analyze the abrasive wear of materials. SEM, XRD, and TGA were used to characterize the materials and to understand the distinctive features of nylon 6 and nylon 6/h-BN composites. Experimental results show that the mechanical properties and tribological behavior of nylon 6 got enhanced by the h-BN fillers. Tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were enhanced by 15.2% and 64.5%, respectively, while hardness and impact strength were enhanced by 3.45% and 6%, respectively. COF and wear rate of composites decreased up to 4 wt% filler reinforcement due to smooth transfer film formation. Coefficient of friction (COF) and wear resistance ...

Research paper thumbnail of Tribological behaviour of PA6/diborontrioxide composites

Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Research paper thumbnail of Photocatalytic Degradation of Pollutants Using Advanced Ceramics: Materials, Mechanism, Synthesis, and Applications

Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials, Apr 12, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Polymer composites with advanced pigments: enhancing properties and applications

Pigment & resin technology, Jul 4, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Investigations of the influence of hexagonal boron nitride particulates on mechanical & tribological properties of PA66

Journal of physics, Dec 1, 2020

The present research investigates the influence of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) particulates on... more The present research investigates the influence of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) particulates on PA66 composite’s mechanical and tribological properties. The compounding of 5wt% h-BN and PA66 matrix was done with the help of twin-screw extruder. Specimens of pure PA66 and PA66/h-BN composites were prepared by the injection moulding process. Mechanical and tribological properties i.e. tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, Rockwell hardness, friction coefficient and wear rates were measured in this research to quantify the different properties of materials. Results shows that the modulus of elasticity and Rockwell hardness of composites were improved while the tensile strength was found decreased in negligible amount compare to pure PA66. The h-BN fillers were found to be effective in reducing wear and friction of PA66/h-BN composite in tribological testing.

Research paper thumbnail of Hygroscopic analysis and tribo-mechanical characterization of biocompatible PP/PA6/Boron sesquioxide composite

Pigment & Resin Technology

Purpose The purpose of this study is to look into the hygroscopic and tribo-mechanical properties... more Purpose The purpose of this study is to look into the hygroscopic and tribo-mechanical properties of a polypropylene/polyamide-6 (PP/PA6) blend and a PP/PA6/Boron sesquioxide composite. Design/methodology/approach The hygroscopic behaviour of the PP/PA6 blend and PP/PA6/Boron sesquioxide composite was studied using a water contact angle goniometer in this study. To validate the hygroscopic behaviour of the blend and composite, water contact angles and surface energy of the materials were investigated. Tensile strength and hardness tests were used to determine mechanical characteristics, and tribological experiments on a pin-on-disc tribometer were used to demonstrate the friction and wear rates of dry and water-conditioned blends and composites. The melting temperature of dry and water-conditioned composites was determined using DSC analysis. Findings The hygroscopic effect of the PP/PA6 blend was found to be minimal in the experiment, while it was relatively dominating in the PP/PA...

Research paper thumbnail of A state-of-the-art review on advanced ceramic materials: fabrication, characteristics, applications, and wettability

Pigment & Resin Technology

Purpose The purpose of this study is to prepare a state-of-the-art review on advanced ceramic mat... more Purpose The purpose of this study is to prepare a state-of-the-art review on advanced ceramic materials including their fabrication techniques, characteristics, applications and wettability. Design/methodology/approach This review paper presents the various types of advanced ceramic materials according to their compounding elements, fabrication techniques of advanced ceramic powders as well as their consolidation, their characteristics, applications and wetting properties. Hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties of advanced ceramic materials are described in the paper with their state-of-the-art application areas. Optical properties of fine ceramics with their intrinsic characteristics are also presented within. Special focus is given to the brief description of application-based manipulation of wetting properties of advanced ceramics in the paper. Findings The study of wetting/hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of ceramic materials is important by which it can be further modified to achieve ...

Research paper thumbnail of Hygroscopicity Analysis and Tribo-mechanical Characterizations of Conditioned PA6/MoS2/h-BN Hybrid Composite

Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, Jan 9, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Hygroscopic behaviour analysis of biocompatible PA6 and PA6 composites containing oxide and nitride compounds of boron

Research paper thumbnail of Tribo-mechanical characterisation of MoS2 and H-BN reinforced PA66 composite

Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering

Research paper thumbnail of Author response for "The effect of environmental humidity/water absorption on tribo-mechanical performance of polymers and polymer composites – a review

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of water absorption on friction, wear and abrasion resistance of PA6-hBN composites

Engineering Research Express, 2021

Investigations on the tribological properties, i.e., abrasion resistance, friction coefficient, a... more Investigations on the tribological properties, i.e., abrasion resistance, friction coefficient, and wear of water conditioned polyamide6/hexagonal boron nitride composites were carried out in this research. Polyamide6 and polyamide6/hexagonal boron nitride composites were fabricated with the help of a twin-screw extruder and injection moulding machine. Fabricated materials were water immersed for 15 days to analyse the effect of water absorption on the tribological properties of materials. Tribological tests were carried out on a pin-on-disc tribometer, and abrasion resistance tests were performed on a TABER abrader. The SEM analysis was carried out to analyse the wear tracks of water conditioned composites. Testing on TABER abrader revealed the loss in abrasive resistance of composite materials, while tribological testing of composites with steel as the other mating and rubbing surface revealed improvements in COF and wear after water absorption. The SEM images revealed less depth ...

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of water absorption on mechanical properties and glass transition temperatures of polyamide6/hexagonal boron nitride composites

International Journal of Structural Integrity, 2021

PurposeThe absorption of moisture/water can affect the mechanical and thermal properties of polym... more PurposeThe absorption of moisture/water can affect the mechanical and thermal properties of polymers and polymer composites as many polymers, mainly polyamide thermoplastics, are sensitive to environmental humidity and can absorb a large amount of moisture. This paper investigates the effect of water molecules' absorption on mechanical and thermal properties of polyamide6/hexagonal boron nitride (PA6/h-BN) composites.Design/methodology/approachThe PA6/h-BN composites were exposed to an open environment and water for 15 days to analyse the effect of humidity/water molecules' absorption on mechanical and thermal properties. The tensile strength, hardness and impact strength of materials were measured and compared. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses were utilized to see the influence of water absorption on microstructure, crystallinity and glass transition temperatures.FindingsAfter exposing mater...

Research paper thumbnail of Tribological performance of self-lubricated polyamide6/boric oxide composites after water conditioning

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the tribological performance, i.e. abrasion resistance, fr... more Purpose This paper aims to investigate the tribological performance, i.e. abrasion resistance, friction coefficient and wear rates, of self-lubricated water conditioned polyamide6/boric oxide composites. Design/methodology/approach Polyamide6 and polyamide6/boric oxide self-lubricated composites were immersed in water for 15 days to analyze the effect of water conditioning on friction, wear and abrasion resistance. Tribological testing on pin-on-disc tribometer and abrasion resistance testing on TABER abrader were performed to see the friction coefficient and wear rates of materials. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterizations were performed to analyze the wear tracks. Findings Tribological testing results revealed the loss in abrasive resistance, but there was an improvement in frictional coefficient and wear rates with steel after water absorption. The SEM images clearly show less depth of wear tracks in water-conditioned materials than dry ones. Water conditioning wa...

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of moisture/water absorption on mechanical and thermal properties of polyamide6/boric oxide composites

Pigment & Resin Technology

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the mechanical and thermal behavior, i.e. tensile strength... more Purpose This paper aims to investigate the mechanical and thermal behavior, i.e. tensile strength, hardness, impact strength and glass transition temperatures of water-treated polyamide6/boric oxide (PA) composites. Design/methodology/approach The PA6 and PA6/boric oxide composites were exposed to an open environment and immersed in water for 15 days to analyze the effect of environmental humidity and frequent water immersion conditions on the composite’s mechanical and thermal properties. The tensile strength, elastic modulus, hardness and impact strength of materials were measured to identify the mechanical properties. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) characterizations were used to see the effect of humidity/water absorption on microstructure, crystallinity and glass transition temperatures. Findings The testing results revealed the loss in strength, elastic modulus and hardness, while the impact resistance...

Research paper thumbnail of A review on tribo-mechanical properties of micro- and nanoparticulate-filled nylon composites

Journal of Polymer Engineering, 2021

Nylon composites are of evolving interest due to their good strength, toughness, and low coeffici... more Nylon composites are of evolving interest due to their good strength, toughness, and low coefficient of friction. Various fillers like micro- and nanoparticulates of metals and metal compounds were used to enhance the mechanical and tribological properties of nylons for many years by researchers. In this paper, an overall understanding of composites, filler materials, especially particulate filler materials, application areas of polymer composites, wear of polymers, and the effect of various fillers on tribo-mechanical properties of nylons have been discussed. The detailed review is limited to micro- and nanoparticulate fillers and their influence on the mechanical and tribological properties of various nylon matrices.

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of environmental humidity/water absorption on tribo-mechanical performance of polymers and polymer composites – a review

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology

Purpose The mechanical and tribological properties of polymers and polymer composites vary with d... more Purpose The mechanical and tribological properties of polymers and polymer composites vary with different environmental conditions. This paper aims to review the influence of humidity/water conditions on various polymers and polymer composites' mechanical properties and tribological behaviors. Design/methodology/approach The influence of humidity and water absorption on mechanical and tribological properties of various polymers, fillers and composites has been discussed in this paper. Tensile strength, modulus, yield strength, impact strength, COF and wear rates of polymer composites are compared for different environmental conditions. The interaction between the water molecules and hydrophobic polymers is also represented. Findings Pure polymer matrices show somewhat mixed behavior in humid environments. Absorbed moisture generally plasticizes the epoxies and polyamides and lowers the tensile strength, yield strength and modulus. Wear rates of PVC generally decrease in humid en...

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of h-BN fillers on mechanical and tribological properties of PP/PA6 blend

World Journal of Engineering

Purpose The purpose of this study is to improve the mechanical and tribological performance of po... more Purpose The purpose of this study is to improve the mechanical and tribological performance of polypropylene (PP) material. The influence of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) microparticles on mechanical and tribological properties of PP/polyamide 6 (nylon 6) (PA6) blend has been investigated in this paper. Design/methodology/approach Tensile strength, elongation, elastic modulus and Rockwell hardness were measured to identify the mechanical properties of materials. Coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rates of materials were measured with the help of a pin-on-disc tribometer to check the tribological behavior of blend and composite materials. Findings As a result, a small decrease in tensile strength and elongation and improvement in elastic modulus were found for PP/PA6 and PP/PA6/h-BN composite compared to pure PP. The wear rate of PP/PA6 blend and PP/PA6/h-BN composite was found low compared to pure PP matrix, while the COF of PP/PA6 blend was found slightly higher owing to the p...

Research paper thumbnail of Enhancing tribo-mechanical properties and thermal stability of nylon 6 by hexagonal boron nitride fillers

e-Polymers

Mechanical and tribological properties of nylon 6 and nylon 6/h-BN composites were investigated i... more Mechanical and tribological properties of nylon 6 and nylon 6/h-BN composites were investigated in this paper. Tensile, hardness, and impact tests were carried out for mechanical properties, while wear tests on pin-on-disc were carried out for tribological properties identification. Abrasion resistance tests were carried out on the TABER apparatus to analyze the abrasive wear of materials. SEM, XRD, and TGA were used to characterize the materials and to understand the distinctive features of nylon 6 and nylon 6/h-BN composites. Experimental results show that the mechanical properties and tribological behavior of nylon 6 got enhanced by the h-BN fillers. Tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were enhanced by 15.2% and 64.5%, respectively, while hardness and impact strength were enhanced by 3.45% and 6%, respectively. COF and wear rate of composites decreased up to 4 wt% filler reinforcement due to smooth transfer film formation. Coefficient of friction (COF) and wear resistance ...

Research paper thumbnail of Tribological behaviour of PA6/diborontrioxide composites

Journal of Physics: Conference Series