Dr. Prakash Padakannaya | Christ University, Bangalore, India (original) (raw)
Papers by Dr. Prakash Padakannaya
The Encyclopedia of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2013
Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a complex neuro-genetic disorder associated with difficulty in lea... more Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a complex neuro-genetic disorder associated with difficulty in learning to read despite adequate intelligence and educational opportunities. Studies in different populations have established associations between DD and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a number of candidate genes, including DYX1C1, KIAA0319 and DCDC2. In an ongoing DD study in India, we screened twenty SNPs located within the coding region of these three candidate genes by mass-ARRAY technique. At this point, there is no statistical evidence of association between the allelic variation in the three candidate genes and DD in our sample, although there might be some promising leads for future research that should involve a large and a better characterized sample.
Genome-wide screening for copy number variations (CNVs) in ten Indian dyslexic families revealed ... more Genome-wide screening for copy number variations (CNVs) in ten Indian dyslexic families revealed the presence of five de novo CNVs in regions harboring GABARAP, NEGR1, ACCN1, DCDC5, and one in already known candidate gene CNTNAP2. These genes are located on regions of chromosomes 17p13.1, 1p31.1, 17q11.21, 11p14.1 and 7q35, respectively, and are implicated in learning, cognition and memory processes through dendritic spinal plasticity, though not formally associated with dyslexia. Molecular network analysis of these and other dyslexia-related module genes suggests them to be associated with synaptic transmission, axon guidance and cell adhesion. Thus, we suggest that dyslexia may also be caused by neuronal disconnection in addition to the earlier view that it is due to neuronal migrational disorder.
Studies on parafoveal preview benefit suggest that fixations to the word fixated next are shorter... more Studies on parafoveal preview benefit suggest that fixations to the word fixated next are shorter in duration. The parafoveal preview enables a reader to access length, orthographic, phonological and morphological information of the word next to the fixation. However, preview benefit depends on the linguistic and orthographic features of a language. Studies in English suggest orthographic and/or phonological codes are accessed in parafoveal preview in that language while morphological codes are accessed in Hebrew. The present study investigates parafoveal preview benefit in Urdu, one of the lesser studied languages. We examined if presentation of borrowed tri-consonantal root that forms the major part of Arabic loan words in Urdu in the parafoveal region facilitates word recognition when the target words are base words, root words with inflections and root-derivative words. The results showed that mean response time differed significantly between base word condition and root inflectional word as well as root derivative word conditions.
Effective visual field in reading, called perceptual span (PS), is a language / orthographic depe... more Effective visual field in reading, called perceptual span (PS), is a language / orthographic dependent feature. PS has been found to be asymmetric towards left or right depending on the directionality in which languages are written. PS for English is found 3-4 character spaces to the left of fixation and around 14-15 character spaces to the right of the fixation (asymmetric towards right). PS for Chinese, on the other hand, is one character space to the left and three character spaces to the right of the fixation. PS for Hebrew, however, is asymmetric towards left as it is read right to left. In the present study we examined asymmetry in PS for a group of Indian students reading English. Using a moving window paradigm, we found that the extent of asymmetry was four character spaces to the left of fixation as has been reported for native readers of English. Thus, the study supports the view that PS for reading a language does not vary across cultures.
Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +B... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +Business Media New York. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".
Academy of Psychology (NAOP) India. This eoffprint is for personal use only and shall not be self... more Academy of Psychology (NAOP) India. This eoffprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".
Sproat (2000, 2003) proposed a formal model of layout in writing systems wherein graphic elements... more Sproat (2000, 2003) proposed a formal model of layout in writing systems wherein graphic elements are conjoined by two dimensional catenation operators. It has been shown in previous work (e.g. Prakash et al. 1993, Vaid & Gupta 2002) that issues such as layout and dia-critization of symbols have relevance for seg-mental awareness, and online reading among readers of Indian writing systems. In this paper we will develop a script index based on properties of the layout and illustrate its application with examples from Kannada and Devanagari. We discuss the relevance of this index to read-ers' performance on metaphonological awareness tasks.
Background: According to recent estimates, approximately 4%-12% of Iranians experience difficulty... more Background: According to recent estimates, approximately 4%-12% of Iranians experience difficulty in learning to read and spell, possibly as a result of developmental dyslexia.
Asia Pacific Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing, 2008
ABSTRACT The study attempted to examine children's relative reliance on phonological and ... more ABSTRACT The study attempted to examine children's relative reliance on phonological and orthographic skills in early grades of reading and spelling Persian and English, within and across orthographies. Vowelized Persian represents a shallow orthography with very regular grapheme to phoneme correspondence rules whereas English has an opaque orthography with inconsistent grapheme to phoneme (and vice versa) correspondence. 90 Iranian students attending both Persian and English classes from second, third and fourth grade levels were tested on reading and spelling in Persian as well as in English. The results revealed that the children had high phonological and orthographic skills in Persian as well as in English. However, in regression analysis both phonological and orthographic processing skills emerged as predictors of reading and spelling for English, while only phonological skill emerged as predictor of word reading and spelling in Persian.
ABSTRACT The paper deals with some of the important psycholinguistics and socio-cultural aspects ... more ABSTRACT The paper deals with some of the important psycholinguistics and socio-cultural aspects related to bilingual and biliteracy programs. The discussion revolves around the issues of old misconceptions regarding the consequences of bilingualism, methods to promote bilingual proficiency in childhood, positive aspects related to bilingualism and biliteracy etc. It is concluded that for an effective implementation of bilingual and biliteracy program, all the relevant psycholinguistic and socio-cultural aspects need to be taken into consideration.
Written Language & Literacy, 2009
Abstract: Previous studies have shown that segmental awareness tasks are usually influenced by th... more Abstract: Previous studies have shown that segmental awareness tasks are usually influenced by the script. In this paper, we extend these studies further to propose a more concrete, script-centric metric for evaluating phonemic awareness in readers of Indian ...
serrano.ai.uiuc.edu
In 'segmental awareness' studies on Indian Languages (Padakannaya, 2000), it was observ... more In 'segmental awareness' studies on Indian Languages (Padakannaya, 2000), it was observed that for different segmental tasks such as deletion and reversal of phonemes and syllables in a given word, rhyme recognition etc, the output was different. All speakers, ...
Advances in cognitive science, 2008
Sproat (2000, 2003) proposed a formal model of layout in writing systems wherein graphic elements... more Sproat (2000, 2003) proposed a formal model of layout in writing systems wherein graphic elements are conjoined by two dimensional catenation operators. It has been shown in previous work (eg Prakash et al. 1993, Vaid & Gupta 2002) that issues such as layout ...
Educational …, 2009
Educational Research and Review Vol. 4 (4), pp. 208-212, April, 2009. Available online at http://... more Educational Research and Review Vol. 4 (4), pp. 208-212, April, 2009. Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/ERR ISSN 1990-3839 © 2008 Academic Journals ... Involvement of parents in the education of children with ... P. Manjula1, G. Saraswathi1, P. Prakash2 ...
The present study, conducted in Dharwad city (Karnataka), examined the relationship between selfe... more The present study, conducted in Dharwad city (Karnataka), examined the relationship between selfesteem and adjustment among children with reading and writing difficulties. A total sample of 418 children studying in grade six in different schools were selected based on their previous academic performance of the class-tests and teacher's rating. They were further tested on Bai's reading and writing tests in Kannada. About 180 children who were found to be having reading difficulty and 114 children who were found to be having writing difficulty in were selected for further testing on self-esteem and adjustment along with a group of normal children (165 in reading and 240 in writing) for comparison purpose. Analysis revealed that 93% of academically low achieving children (based on the class records and teacher rating) were found to be having reading difficulty while 58% had writing difficulty. Among academically high/normal achieving children, 77% were found to be normal in reading while13% were found to be having reading difficulty. In writing 87% of the high/normal achieving students were normal and 5% were found to be having difficulty. Children with reading and writing difficulties obtained significantly low score in self-esteem and adjustment when compared to normal children. Children having reading and writing difficulty had poor scores on general and academic aspects of self-esteem and on peers and teachers related areas of adjustment. However, the differences between the groups were found to be low suggesting that suitable remedial/ intervention programmes may bring the children with difficulty on par with normal children.
Karnataka Journal of …, 2010
To know the family background of children with reading and writing difficulties, the study was co... more To know the family background of children with reading and writing difficulties, the study was conducted in Dharwad city. Children studying in 6 th standard were drawn from 14 schools. Total sample of 418 children were screened based on the child's previous academic performance of the class tests and teacher's rating. They were further tested and identified as difficult children (180 in reading and 114 in writing) using reading and writing tests (Kannada). Normal children (165 in reading and 114 in writing) were also selected for comparison purpose. Further these children were assessed to know their family background. Findings revealed that, highest percentage (55%) of children with reading difficulties were found among age group of 12 years followed by 13 and 11 years. Male children were found to have more difficulties in reading as compared to female children. The ordinal position with 3 and above had more problems than others. It is also interesting to find that the first born (42%) showed fewer problems than second born children. Majority of parents of children with reading difficulties had lowest education level (primary). Highest percentage fathers (57%) of children with difficulties were labourers, and had small business when compared to fathers of normal children. Children whose mother tongue and medium of instruction are different found to have more difficulties in reading as compared to children having similar mother tongue and medium of instruction in school. At home, majority of reading children with difficulties (80%) studied on their own, without any support from the family members. Only 39% of parents take care of their children's studies as against 60% in case of normal children.
The Encyclopedia of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2013
Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a complex neuro-genetic disorder associated with difficulty in lea... more Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a complex neuro-genetic disorder associated with difficulty in learning to read despite adequate intelligence and educational opportunities. Studies in different populations have established associations between DD and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a number of candidate genes, including DYX1C1, KIAA0319 and DCDC2. In an ongoing DD study in India, we screened twenty SNPs located within the coding region of these three candidate genes by mass-ARRAY technique. At this point, there is no statistical evidence of association between the allelic variation in the three candidate genes and DD in our sample, although there might be some promising leads for future research that should involve a large and a better characterized sample.
Genome-wide screening for copy number variations (CNVs) in ten Indian dyslexic families revealed ... more Genome-wide screening for copy number variations (CNVs) in ten Indian dyslexic families revealed the presence of five de novo CNVs in regions harboring GABARAP, NEGR1, ACCN1, DCDC5, and one in already known candidate gene CNTNAP2. These genes are located on regions of chromosomes 17p13.1, 1p31.1, 17q11.21, 11p14.1 and 7q35, respectively, and are implicated in learning, cognition and memory processes through dendritic spinal plasticity, though not formally associated with dyslexia. Molecular network analysis of these and other dyslexia-related module genes suggests them to be associated with synaptic transmission, axon guidance and cell adhesion. Thus, we suggest that dyslexia may also be caused by neuronal disconnection in addition to the earlier view that it is due to neuronal migrational disorder.
Studies on parafoveal preview benefit suggest that fixations to the word fixated next are shorter... more Studies on parafoveal preview benefit suggest that fixations to the word fixated next are shorter in duration. The parafoveal preview enables a reader to access length, orthographic, phonological and morphological information of the word next to the fixation. However, preview benefit depends on the linguistic and orthographic features of a language. Studies in English suggest orthographic and/or phonological codes are accessed in parafoveal preview in that language while morphological codes are accessed in Hebrew. The present study investigates parafoveal preview benefit in Urdu, one of the lesser studied languages. We examined if presentation of borrowed tri-consonantal root that forms the major part of Arabic loan words in Urdu in the parafoveal region facilitates word recognition when the target words are base words, root words with inflections and root-derivative words. The results showed that mean response time differed significantly between base word condition and root inflectional word as well as root derivative word conditions.
Effective visual field in reading, called perceptual span (PS), is a language / orthographic depe... more Effective visual field in reading, called perceptual span (PS), is a language / orthographic dependent feature. PS has been found to be asymmetric towards left or right depending on the directionality in which languages are written. PS for English is found 3-4 character spaces to the left of fixation and around 14-15 character spaces to the right of the fixation (asymmetric towards right). PS for Chinese, on the other hand, is one character space to the left and three character spaces to the right of the fixation. PS for Hebrew, however, is asymmetric towards left as it is read right to left. In the present study we examined asymmetry in PS for a group of Indian students reading English. Using a moving window paradigm, we found that the extent of asymmetry was four character spaces to the left of fixation as has been reported for native readers of English. Thus, the study supports the view that PS for reading a language does not vary across cultures.
Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +B... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +Business Media New York. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".
Academy of Psychology (NAOP) India. This eoffprint is for personal use only and shall not be self... more Academy of Psychology (NAOP) India. This eoffprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".
Sproat (2000, 2003) proposed a formal model of layout in writing systems wherein graphic elements... more Sproat (2000, 2003) proposed a formal model of layout in writing systems wherein graphic elements are conjoined by two dimensional catenation operators. It has been shown in previous work (e.g. Prakash et al. 1993, Vaid & Gupta 2002) that issues such as layout and dia-critization of symbols have relevance for seg-mental awareness, and online reading among readers of Indian writing systems. In this paper we will develop a script index based on properties of the layout and illustrate its application with examples from Kannada and Devanagari. We discuss the relevance of this index to read-ers' performance on metaphonological awareness tasks.
Background: According to recent estimates, approximately 4%-12% of Iranians experience difficulty... more Background: According to recent estimates, approximately 4%-12% of Iranians experience difficulty in learning to read and spell, possibly as a result of developmental dyslexia.
Asia Pacific Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing, 2008
ABSTRACT The study attempted to examine children's relative reliance on phonological and ... more ABSTRACT The study attempted to examine children's relative reliance on phonological and orthographic skills in early grades of reading and spelling Persian and English, within and across orthographies. Vowelized Persian represents a shallow orthography with very regular grapheme to phoneme correspondence rules whereas English has an opaque orthography with inconsistent grapheme to phoneme (and vice versa) correspondence. 90 Iranian students attending both Persian and English classes from second, third and fourth grade levels were tested on reading and spelling in Persian as well as in English. The results revealed that the children had high phonological and orthographic skills in Persian as well as in English. However, in regression analysis both phonological and orthographic processing skills emerged as predictors of reading and spelling for English, while only phonological skill emerged as predictor of word reading and spelling in Persian.
ABSTRACT The paper deals with some of the important psycholinguistics and socio-cultural aspects ... more ABSTRACT The paper deals with some of the important psycholinguistics and socio-cultural aspects related to bilingual and biliteracy programs. The discussion revolves around the issues of old misconceptions regarding the consequences of bilingualism, methods to promote bilingual proficiency in childhood, positive aspects related to bilingualism and biliteracy etc. It is concluded that for an effective implementation of bilingual and biliteracy program, all the relevant psycholinguistic and socio-cultural aspects need to be taken into consideration.
Written Language & Literacy, 2009
Abstract: Previous studies have shown that segmental awareness tasks are usually influenced by th... more Abstract: Previous studies have shown that segmental awareness tasks are usually influenced by the script. In this paper, we extend these studies further to propose a more concrete, script-centric metric for evaluating phonemic awareness in readers of Indian ...
serrano.ai.uiuc.edu
In 'segmental awareness' studies on Indian Languages (Padakannaya, 2000), it was observ... more In 'segmental awareness' studies on Indian Languages (Padakannaya, 2000), it was observed that for different segmental tasks such as deletion and reversal of phonemes and syllables in a given word, rhyme recognition etc, the output was different. All speakers, ...
Advances in cognitive science, 2008
Sproat (2000, 2003) proposed a formal model of layout in writing systems wherein graphic elements... more Sproat (2000, 2003) proposed a formal model of layout in writing systems wherein graphic elements are conjoined by two dimensional catenation operators. It has been shown in previous work (eg Prakash et al. 1993, Vaid & Gupta 2002) that issues such as layout ...
Educational …, 2009
Educational Research and Review Vol. 4 (4), pp. 208-212, April, 2009. Available online at http://... more Educational Research and Review Vol. 4 (4), pp. 208-212, April, 2009. Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/ERR ISSN 1990-3839 © 2008 Academic Journals ... Involvement of parents in the education of children with ... P. Manjula1, G. Saraswathi1, P. Prakash2 ...
The present study, conducted in Dharwad city (Karnataka), examined the relationship between selfe... more The present study, conducted in Dharwad city (Karnataka), examined the relationship between selfesteem and adjustment among children with reading and writing difficulties. A total sample of 418 children studying in grade six in different schools were selected based on their previous academic performance of the class-tests and teacher's rating. They were further tested on Bai's reading and writing tests in Kannada. About 180 children who were found to be having reading difficulty and 114 children who were found to be having writing difficulty in were selected for further testing on self-esteem and adjustment along with a group of normal children (165 in reading and 240 in writing) for comparison purpose. Analysis revealed that 93% of academically low achieving children (based on the class records and teacher rating) were found to be having reading difficulty while 58% had writing difficulty. Among academically high/normal achieving children, 77% were found to be normal in reading while13% were found to be having reading difficulty. In writing 87% of the high/normal achieving students were normal and 5% were found to be having difficulty. Children with reading and writing difficulties obtained significantly low score in self-esteem and adjustment when compared to normal children. Children having reading and writing difficulty had poor scores on general and academic aspects of self-esteem and on peers and teachers related areas of adjustment. However, the differences between the groups were found to be low suggesting that suitable remedial/ intervention programmes may bring the children with difficulty on par with normal children.
Karnataka Journal of …, 2010
To know the family background of children with reading and writing difficulties, the study was co... more To know the family background of children with reading and writing difficulties, the study was conducted in Dharwad city. Children studying in 6 th standard were drawn from 14 schools. Total sample of 418 children were screened based on the child's previous academic performance of the class tests and teacher's rating. They were further tested and identified as difficult children (180 in reading and 114 in writing) using reading and writing tests (Kannada). Normal children (165 in reading and 114 in writing) were also selected for comparison purpose. Further these children were assessed to know their family background. Findings revealed that, highest percentage (55%) of children with reading difficulties were found among age group of 12 years followed by 13 and 11 years. Male children were found to have more difficulties in reading as compared to female children. The ordinal position with 3 and above had more problems than others. It is also interesting to find that the first born (42%) showed fewer problems than second born children. Majority of parents of children with reading difficulties had lowest education level (primary). Highest percentage fathers (57%) of children with difficulties were labourers, and had small business when compared to fathers of normal children. Children whose mother tongue and medium of instruction are different found to have more difficulties in reading as compared to children having similar mother tongue and medium of instruction in school. At home, majority of reading children with difficulties (80%) studied on their own, without any support from the family members. Only 39% of parents take care of their children's studies as against 60% in case of normal children.