Peter Xenos | Chulalongkorn University (original) (raw)

Papers by Peter Xenos

Rawal Medical Journal, 2018

Objective: To describe features related to socio-demographic, stress, mindfulness, quality of lif... more Objective: To describe features related to socio-demographic, stress, mindfulness, quality of life (QOL), and blood glucose level among older female patients with uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes in selected public health center in Bangkok, Thailand. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 84 female patients during JuneAugust 2017. Participants were interviewed through Suanprung Stress Test-20 (SPST 20), the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale Thai version (PHLMS_TH), and WHOQOL BREF (Thai). Their blood samples were collected to analyze the blood sugar level. Descriptive statistic and spearman co-relation were used. Results: Out of 84 participants, 42% were 61 to 65 years old, 76% had primary education, and 54% were housewives. Around 20% were diagnosed with diabetes for more than 10 years and 38% never had exercise. The mean HbA1c was 8.32+0.79 and 34% had co-morbidities. Hypertension and dyslipidemia were most common. About 23% and 42% had high stress and high level of mindfulness, respectively. Most of them had moderate quality of life. The significant correlation between level of stress and QOL was found (r = - .334, p = .002). Conclusion: Poor socio-demographic characteristics, low recommended exercise behavior, moderate stressed and mindfulness level were associated with quality of life among Thai female uncontrolled T2DM patients.

Center for Migration Studies special issues, May 1, 1987

Asian Americans-people living in the United States who classify themselves as Asian-make up a sma... more Asian Americans-people living in the United States who classify themselves as Asian-make up a small but growing percentage of the national population. Residentially concentrated in certain parts of the country, they receive publicity far out of proportion to their numbers. The Asian American population is composed of both native-born and foreign-born, and, with continuing high rates of immigration, its composition is changing rapidly. With differing historical backgrounds, Asian Americans form not a monolithic group but a variegated collection of ethnic communities with different demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. This chapter draws upon censuses and other

Stanford University Press eBooks, Dec 31, 2020

Census Library, India, 1992

This report based on data from Indias 1991 and earlier decennial censuses examines such demograph... more This report based on data from Indias 1991 and earlier decennial censuses examines such demographic aspects of Indias population aging as population size and growth fertility mortality life expectancy age structure and various characteristics of the elderly population. It also presents data on literacy the marital status of the elderly and workers and nonworkers among the elderly population. Numerous tables and graphs are provided. (ANNOTATION)

Journal of Health Research, 2015

Journal of Population and Social Studies, 2012

In this paper we review the rapidly changing field of historical demography, outlining how the fi... more In this paper we review the rapidly changing field of historical demography, outlining how the field has advanced over the last seven decades or so, particularly with respect to methodologies, and pointing to the contributions the field has made to social history. Then we turn to the social and economic history of Siam and review what is known from existing studies of Siam’s historical population trends. We indicate why demography is central to historical social change in Southeast Asia generally and in Siam in particular. In light of its importance in Siam’s social and economic history, we consider why so little empirical historical demography has been carried out. Finally, we provide an overview of materials in the nation’s historical collections that might provide a basis for an historical demography for Thailand.

This report on population projections in Asia is in two parts. The first part consists of an exec... more This report on population projections in Asia is in two parts. The first part consists of an executive summary and the second part is comprised of three background papers concerning trends in urbanization the labor force and the youth population. (ANNOTATION)

Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2011

研究Sr对Mg-Al-Ca铸造合金微观组织演变的影响。研究发现,微量Sr会导致镁基体组织轻微粗化。当Sr含量从0.1%增加至0.5%时,镁基体的晶粒尺寸由83.9μm减小到65.8μm。添加0.... more 研究Sr对Mg-Al-Ca铸造合金微观组织演变的影响。研究发现,微量Sr会导致镁基体组织轻微粗化。当Sr含量从0.1%增加至0.5%时,镁基体的晶粒尺寸由83.9μm减小到65.8μm。添加0.1%-0.3%Sr对Al2Ca相有显著的变质细化作用,同时,使其形貌从条状转化为球状。Al2Ca的含量随着Sr元素的添加而有所增加。镁基体晶粒细化主要是由于Sr的添加增加了熔体的有效过冷度以及合金固/液界面前沿区域形成很强的成分过冷效应引起的。Sr对Al2Ca的变质作用主要归因于Sr在Al2Ca晶体上的吸附。当Sr含量增加至0.5%时,合金会出现过变质现象。

Background: The population ageing is an inevitable demographic change occurring in many countries... more Background: The population ageing is an inevitable demographic change occurring in many countries including Thailand. Therefore, the actual need of the elderly should be evaluated properly in order to manage the continuing growth of the ageing society. This study aimed to identify the needs and the sufficiency of support for elderlies using Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly questionnaire (CANE) and determine the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics, living status and health status and needs of the elderly in community in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand Method: The study design is a cross-sectional quantitative study. The CANE questionnaire was translated to Thai; and the validity and reliability test were performed. The translated version of questionnaire was reviewed by three experts. The IOC score of the questionnaire was 0.76. The reliability was test in 30 elderly samples. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was 0.82. The data collection was performed by interviewing the participants using questionnaires as the guideline. The chi-square analysis was used to explore the association between and sociodemographic, living status and health status and need identification. The regression analysis was performed to evaluate association between independent factors and the number (level) of need, met need and unmet need Results: Among 330 participants who aged 60 years old or above, 66.4% of them had at least one and 22.7% had at least one unmet need. The average need score of the sample was 3.09 out of 24 topics (SD= 3.33) which 0.4 was unmet need (SD=1.05). The areas which had high percentage of need were physical health, eyesight/hearing/communication and memory respectively, while the area with the high percentage of unmet need (per total need) were the self-care, caring for other, benefit and accommodation. The age, number of disease and type of insurance had significant association with the number of total needs whereas, the monthly income and living environment had relationship with the unmet need determination (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions: Although the most frequent identified need was in physical area, the highest proportion of unmet need was found in function category. Even age, number of disease and type of insurance had association with the number of total needs, the monthly income and living environment were the factors determining the unmet need. Therefore, the more attention should be paid on needs in function area and the support for the cost of living and living environment.

East-West …, 2001

The U.S. Congress established the East-West Center in 1960 to foster mutual understanding and coo... more The U.S. Congress established the East-West Center in 1960 to foster mutual understanding and cooperation among the governments and peoples of the Asia Pacific region including the United States. Funding for the Center comes from the U.S. government with additional support provided by private agencies, individuals, corporations, and Asian and Pacific governments.

Journal of Family History, 1980

To the old way of thinking ... you married when you came of age and not when you began to earn. M... more To the old way of thinking ... you married when you came of age and not when you began to earn. Marriage and earning were two separate things. Marriage was a social. familial and religious obligation. while earning was a matter of circumstance.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Background: Recent literature has demonstrated that acute physical activity benefits the transfer... more Background: Recent literature has demonstrated that acute physical activity benefits the transfer of executive functions. However, further studies indicated the type of variability in the effect of physical activity on executive functions. Therefore, this study initially explored the effect of a single bout of Chinese archery on subdomains of core EFs in preadolescent children; Method: Eligible participants were allocated either an intervention group (n = 36) or a control group (n = 36). The subjects in the intervention group received a 45-min Chinese archery session. The primary outcomes were the performance of core EFs (inhibition control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) in preadolescent children, assessed with psychological paradigms (Fish Flanker Task, N-Back Task, and DCCS (Border version), respectively). Paired t-test and ANCOVA were used to analyze the mean difference in the performance of core EFs within and between subjects, respectively; Results: Considering rea...

Since major oral health problems include dental caries, periodontal disease and tooth loss. Studi... more Since major oral health problems include dental caries, periodontal disease and tooth loss. Studies from many countries reports inequality in oral health which has become challenging worldwide. People with lower socioeconomic position prone to have more severe condition in oral health more than those with higher position. However, there are few studies on socioeconomic inequality in oral health in developing countries, including Thailand. This study aimed to determine the relationship of socioeconomic difference in oral health outcome and oral health behavior among Thai adult population. This study is a cross-sectional analytical study using secondary data from the 7th Thailand National Oral Health Survey (2012). Oral health outcomes are indicated by the number of dental caries, tooth loss, and the CPI index. Socioeconomic status(SES) was indicated by income, education and occupational groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine relationship between variab...

Background: A polarized approach to drug use endures in Nepal. The Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA... more Background: A polarized approach to drug use endures in Nepal. The Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA) enforces criminal drug law to create a drug free society, while the Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) advocates and endorses harm reduction policies to reduce drug-related harms, HIV and other BBI epidemics. Methods: This study employed qualitative methods to explore the implications of drug law enforcement as possible barriers to accessing harm reduction services, human rights violations and risky behavior among PWID. In June 2016, 28 in-depth interviews were conducted with four distinct population categories [Policy level (1), national HIV program level (7), harm reduction service delivery level (5) and community level (15)]. A maximum variance sampling technique - strategy for purposeful sampling aimed at capturing and describing the central themes that cut across a great deal of variation was applied. Results: Drug laws provided ultimate power to law enforcement authorities and concomitant fear to PWID. Abuse of such power resulted in range of human rights violations, including sexual harassment, brutal torture and financial hassle, in part due to a nexus between some field authorities and drug rehabilitation providers, and increased barriers to accessing harm reduction services as well as increasing risky behavior practices among PWID. Law enforcement was associated with high drug price, which often were associated with delinquent activities and risky behaviors. Findings suggested that most of the law enforcement related impediments were occurring due to lack of awareness, and failure in flow of information within government agencies and law enforcement authorities, and good monitoring and governance. Knowledge of harm reduction services resulted in changes in law enforcement activities, such as referrals and service intake while in custody. Conclusion: Consistent coordination, monitoring mechanisms and education for law enforcement authorities should be initiated as an immediate response to improve the dire situation of PWID. However, the long-term health development of PWID cannot be envisaged without favorable policy and law reform around age of consent, appropriate police academy curricula and drug control law that recognizes public health implications, human rights and evidence-based harm reduction approaches, and a participatory process.

Background: The Ministry of Public Health (MOPH), Thailand, has been implementing the Compulsory ... more Background: The Ministry of Public Health (MOPH), Thailand, has been implementing the Compulsory Migrant Health Insurance Scheme (CMHI) for registered migrant workers since 1997. This study assessed the perception and usage of compulsory migrant health insurance scheme among adult Myanmar Migrant Workers in Bang Khun Thian district, Bangkok Metropolitan area, Thailand. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with both quantitative and qualitative methods. Four hundred Myanmar migrant workers, male and female who registered and unregistered in Ban Khun Thian district was selected in this study by using inclusion criteria of age 18 years and above, who can speak Burmese Language though they are not Burmese ethnicity, who are willing to participate in the research and exclusion criteria for who has difficulty in communicating in Burmese, temporary stay in Bang Khun Thian and who are working as volunteer at community based NGO team. Structured questionnaire for quantitative and in-depth interview for quantitative data were carried out. Quantitative data were organized and analyzed by the researcher using SPSS for quantitative study. Frequency, percentage are used for socio-demographic variables, working condition, medical disease, and accessibility to health care services. Chi-square test was used to analyze the statistical relationship with statistical significance p-value = 0.05 together with analysis of qualitative data. Results: Among the respondents with registration status, 43.5 % own CMHI card as they cannot have the CMHI without the registration card. Among the respondents who owned CMHI card, 145 respondents use the card which is 36.2%. The accessibility variables such as been to hospital, translation services and general satisfaction towards health services and usage of CMHI card are positively associated with high significant level of p<0.001. Having an illness during last 6 months and usage of CMHI are positively associated with significant level p<0.05. There was no significant association between sociodemographic characteristics and usage of CMHI card. Registration status and duration in current job are not associated with usage of CMHI card. There is no relationship between perception scores and the usage of CMHI card. Conclusions : The usage of CMHI card is associated with having an illness, been to the hospital, translator assistance and satisfaction towards health services from hospital. The recommendation from this study is that raising awareness on compulsory migrant health insurance scheme should be done together with promotion on usage and ownership of CMHI card.

Background: Diarrhea is the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day (or feces are... more Background: Diarrhea is the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day (or feces are discharged frequently from the bowl than the normal for the person). It is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in children under the age of five in developing countries especially in the Sub-Sahara Africa including Sudan. The aim of the study was to explore the factors associated with diarrhea among children aged under 5 years in Sudan using the 2014 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS). Methods: A total of 14081 children under 5 years who had completed the survey questionnaire were considered for this study. Data was entered and cleaned using SPSS version 17. Bivariate analysis was done using Pearson’s Chi square test while multivariate analysis was done using binary logistic regression with 95% CI to examine the association between the dependent and independent variables. All variables with p-value <0.2 using the bivariate analysis was included in multivariate analysis. ...

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints, 2020

Abstract:The Philippine epidemic experience suggests a research perspective that is attentive to ... more Abstract:The Philippine epidemic experience suggests a research perspective that is attentive to local spatial variation and also recognizes connections across long periods of time, particularly across the Spanish and American colonial eras and the epidemic experience then and since. Among historical materials that need to be incorporated into the discourse and connected with evidence from modern, spatially disaggregated data systems are parish archival records of births, deaths, and marriages; households; and population changes. This research note outlines the Philippine parish records and presents illustrative results from twenty-eight parishes. Those records include local time series of deaths from which mortality crises, generally reflecting epidemics, are presented.