Julian Esparza-Romero | Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarollo, A.C. (original) (raw)
Papers by Julian Esparza-Romero
Tropical biomedicine, 2019
Caborca is one of the most productive asparagus-growing regions in the state of Sonora in northwe... more Caborca is one of the most productive asparagus-growing regions in the state of Sonora in northwest Mexico, an area where some fresh fruits and vegetables are sold at unregulated open-air street markets. This is a cross-sectional study in which fifty bundles of asparagus for exportation, 50 bundles of sub-standard asparagus, and 50 bundles of asparagus from open-air markets were selected randomly and then subjected to Faust, Kinyoun and ELISA testing to detect intestinal parasites. Pearson's chi-square (χ2) and Student-NewmanKeuls tests were used to estimate differences among the sampling site groups (P < 0.05). The pathogens Cryptosporidium spp. (29%) G. intestinalis (5%) and Cyclospora spp. (3%) were found in the asparagus sold in the region. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was higher in both the sub-standard asparagus and the product sampled from the open-air markets than in the samples for exportation (P < 0.05). This is the first study to demonstrate contaminat...
Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 2002
Thirty four subjects (13 men and 21 women), 24 to 70 years old from northern Mexico, were measure... more Thirty four subjects (13 men and 21 women), 24 to 70 years old from northern Mexico, were measured for body density by air displacement plethysmography (ADP) with the BOD-POD, and for total body water by deuterium oxide dilution and infrared spectroscopy (IRS-DOD). Subjects were given a 30 g dose of deuterium oxide. Saliva samples were filtered, sublimated, and deuterium was measured using a Miran 1 FF, IRS. Linear regression of the fat mass (FM) derived from both methods showed that the intercept (0.071) was not different from zero (p = .96) and the slope was 0.96 (p < .0001) demonstrating the techniques to be equivalent. Further, mean FM was 26.7 ± 12.4 and 25.6 ± 12.4 kg, for IRS-DOD and ADP techniques, respectively (p = .08). Precision analysis by the model R2 showed that 92.3% of the variability was explained (SEM = 3.4 kg). Bland-Altman analysis showed no significant bias (r = 0.017; p = .93). Mean difference between methods was −1.08 (CI: −2.3 to + 0.13) kg FM.
The Journal of Nutrition, 2012
Vitamin A (VA) deficiency (VAD) continues to be a major nutritional problem in developing countri... more Vitamin A (VA) deficiency (VAD) continues to be a major nutritional problem in developing countries, including Central America. In Mexico, milk is a well-accepted vehicle for the administration of micronutrients, including VA, to preschoolers. Thus, we conducted a randomized, controlled, clinical trial to investigate the efficacy of daily consumption of 250 mL of VA-fortified milk (which provided 196 retinol equivalents/d) for 3 mo on VA stores in mildly to moderately VAD (serum retinol concentration 0.35-0.7 mmol/L) preschoolers who were not enrolled in a food assistance program. Twenty-seven mildly to moderately VAD children were randomly assigned based on screening measurements to either the intervention (n = 14) or control group (n = 13) (children in the control group did not receive placebo). All children in the control group and 79% (n = 11) of the children in the intervention group completed the study. The total body VA (TBVA) pool size was estimated using the deuterated retinol dilution technique before and after the intervention. After 3 mo, median changes in the serum retinol concentration for the intervention and control groups were 0.13 and 20.21 mmol/L, respectively (P = 0.009). Median changes in the TBVA stores were 0.06 and 0.01 mmol, respectively (P = 0.006) and estimated median changes in the liver VA concentration were 0.09 and 0.01 mmol/g, respectively (P = 0.002). The VA-fortified milk was well accepted among preschoolers and significantly increased TBVA stores, liver VA stores, and serum retinol concentration, indicating that it may be an effective means to ameliorate VAD in young Mexican children.
Nutrition Journal, 2007
Background The study of body composition in specific populations by techniques such as bio-impeda... more Background The study of body composition in specific populations by techniques such as bio-impedance analysis (BIA) requires validation based on standard reference methods. The aim of this study was to develop and cross-validate a predictive equation for bioelectrical impedance using air displacement plethysmography (ADP) as standard method to measure body composition in Mexican adult men and women. Methods This study included 155 male and female subjects from northern Mexico, 20–50 years of age, from low, middle, and upper income levels. Body composition was measured by ADP. Body weight (BW, kg) and height (Ht, cm) were obtained by standard anthropometric techniques. Resistance, R (ohms) and reactance, Xc (ohms) were also measured. A random-split method was used to obtain two samples: one was used to derive the equation by the "all possible regressions" procedure and was cross-validated in the other sample to test predicted versus measured values of fat-free mass (FFM). R...
BACKGROUND The holiday season is considered a high-risk period for weight gain, especially for pe... more BACKGROUND The holiday season is considered a high-risk period for weight gain, especially for people with overweight or obesity. However, few evaluated interventions have focused on preventing weight gain during this period and, to our knowledge, none have intended to treat obesity. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of a web-based intervention adapted from the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP-web) for weight loss in Mexican adults with overweight or obesity at 3 months compared to a waiting list control group. METHODS A pilot randomised controlled trial with parallel groups (DPP-web and waiting list) targeting adults with overweight or obesity. Participants were recruited using Facebook ads. A web-based app was designed for the delivery of the Cognitive Behavioural Sessions (CBS) of the DPP-web, and Facebook video calls were used for weekly online nutrition counselling sessions (NCS) by a trained dietitian. The primary outcome was the change in body weight at 3 months. The seconda...
Could giardiasis be a risk factor for low zinc status in schoolchildren from northwestern Mexico?... more Could giardiasis be a risk factor for low zinc status in schoolchildren from northwestern Mexico? A cross-sectional study with longitudinal follow-up.
Introduction. Pima Indians living in the United States (U.S.) have the highest prevalence of type... more Introduction. Pima Indians living in the United States (U.S.) have the highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the world. Their Mexican counterparts, living a traditional lifestyle in the mountain of Sonora, Mexico, have at least five times less diabetes than the U.S. Pima Indians. The effects of a traditional lifestyle in reducing type 2 diabetes risk factors and the association of factors to type 2 diabetes were evaluated in a sample of 1211 genetically related Pima Indians living different lifestyles (224 from Mexico and 887 from U.S.). Subsets of these populations were used to address specific questions. First, differences in insulin resistance between subjects with normal glucose tolerance (194 Mexican versus 449 U.S. Pima) were evaluated. Second, the effect of physical activity and obesity explaining differences in metabolic syndrome prevalence were evaluated in 224 and 447 Mexican and U.S. Pima Indians. Third, factors associated with type 2 diabetes were evaluated i...
Biotecnia
Los medidores de glucosa se utilizan para ayudar al profesional de la salud a monitorear y detect... more Los medidores de glucosa se utilizan para ayudar al profesional de la salud a monitorear y detectar alteraciones de la glucosa sanguínea (GS). El objetivo fue comparar la técnica de HemoCue (HC) versus glucosa oxidasa (GOx) para la medición de GS utilizando 368 mediciones de GS por ambos métodos. Se utilizaron gráficos de Bland & Altman, prueba de t-pareada y regresión lineal para su comparación. Se encontró concordancia entre los métodos en la mayoría de los niveles de glucosa, excepto a concentraciones de glucosa ≥ 6.993 mmol/L. El analizador de glucosa HC es bueno para su uso en estudios de campo ya que es técnicamente fácil y requiere muy poco mantenimiento; sin embargo, se recomienda tener especial cuidado con aquellas personas cuyos valores de glucosa están dentro del límite del diagnóstico de diabetes ya que, con el método HC, existe el riesgo de clasificar erróneamente a las personas que ya tienen diabetes como no diabéticas. Por lo tanto, dada la importancia de conocer los ...
Acta Universitaria
Los yaquis presentan una alta prevalencia de obesidad y la información sobre su dieta es limitada... more Los yaquis presentan una alta prevalencia de obesidad y la información sobre su dieta es limitada. El objetivo fue diseñar y validar un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos para evaluar la dieta de adultos yaquis (CFCAY). El diseño del CFCAY derivó de la aplicación de dos recordatorios de 24 horas (R24Hrs) en 156 yaquis. La validación del CFCAY vs. R24Hrs para energía total, macronutrientes y micronutrientes se realizó mediante correlación de Pearson (r), de intraclase (CI) y por el gráfico de Bland y Altman (BA). El CFCAY incluyó 123 alimentos, tres tamaños de porción y cinco categorías de frecuencia de consumo. Los coeficientes de r estuvieron entre 0.23 y 0.56, indicando correlaciones aceptables y buenas. Los coeficientes de CI fueron mayores a los de Pearson y el gráfico de BA mostró valores más altos para el CFCAY vs. R24Hrs. El CFCAY permitirá estudiar la dieta de adultos yaquis.
![Research paper thumbnail of [Moderate exercise and intake of either high or low glycemic index carbohydrates in sedentary women]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/80004093/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Atencion primaria, Jan 25, 2018
To analyze changes in blood glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations in relation to a mod... more To analyze changes in blood glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations in relation to a moderate aerobic exercise in sedentary women of different body weight, exposed to either a high or low glycemic index carbohydrates diet. DISEñO: Cross-over type. SITE: Research was performed in the Exercise Physiology Laboratory at Facultad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, México. Twenty-six young sedentary women who did not exercise in the last year participated in the study. Four of adequate weight (AW) and 2 with obesity (OB) were excluded for not consuming the suggested carbohydrates (1gr/kg of weight) nor completed the programed exercise. There were n=10 in each group (AW/OB). Two treatments of 55minutes of aerobic exercise each were applied one day after consuming either high or low glycemic index carbohydrates. Plasmatic glucose, insulin, and triglycerides were determined before and after the scheduled exercise. Glucose, insulin, and triglycerides...
Annals of human genetics, Jan 17, 2018
Prevalence of diabetes and obesity in Mexican Pima Indians is low, while prevalence in US Pima In... more Prevalence of diabetes and obesity in Mexican Pima Indians is low, while prevalence in US Pima Indians is high. Although lifestyle likely accounts for much of the difference, the role of genetic factors is not well explored. To examine this, we genotyped 359 single nucleotide polymorphisms, including established type 2 diabetes and obesity variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and 96 random markers, in 342 Mexican Pimas. A multimarker risk score of obesity variants was associated with body mass index (BMI; β = 0.81 kg/m per SD, P = 0.0066). The mean value of the score was lower in Mexican Pimas than in US Pimas (P = 4.3 × 10 ), and differences in allele frequencies at established loci could account for approximately 7% of the population difference in BMI; however, the difference in risk scores was consistent with evolutionary neutrality given genetic distance. To identify loci potentially under recent natural selection, allele frequencies at 283 variants were compared...
Journal of obesity, 2017
Several studies suggest that the holiday season, starting from the last week of November to the f... more Several studies suggest that the holiday season, starting from the last week of November to the first or second week of January, could be critical to gaining weight. This study aims to review the literature to determine the effects of the holidays on body weight. In studies of adults, a significant weight gain was consistently observed during this period (0.4 to 0.9 kg, p < 0.05). The only study in college students found an effect on body fat but not on weight (0.1 kg, p = 0.71). The only study found in children did not show an effect on BMI percentile (-0.4%, p > 0.05) during this period. Among individuals with obesity who attempt to lose weight, an increase in weight was observed (0.3 to 0.9 kg, significant in some but not in all studies), as well as increase in weight in motivated self-monitoring people (0.4 to 0.6%, p < 0.001). Programs focused on self-monitoring during the holidays (phone calls and daily mailing) appeared to prevent weight gain, but information is limi...
BMC Cancer, 2016
Background: Breast cancer is the most deadly malignancy in Mexican women. Although treatment has ... more Background: Breast cancer is the most deadly malignancy in Mexican women. Although treatment has improved, it may significantly affect bone mineral status in those who receive it. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of cancer treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC), in patients with breast cancer and explore the interaction of menopausal status and clinical stage with cancer treatment on such changes. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was applied with measurements before and after a chemotherapy treatment in 40 patients with primary diagnosis of invasive breast cancer. BMD and body composition measurements were taken by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and changes in these variables due to therapy were analyzed using mixed regression for repeated measurements. Results: Significant loss was found in femoral neck and L2-L4 BMD (p < 0.001). Patients diagnosed with osteopenia or osteoporosis received calcium + vitamin D supplementation (600 mg/200 IU day). It showed a protective effect in the decrease of femoral neck BMD and total BMC. BMD loss in both femoral neck and L2-L4 BMD was higher in premenopausal women: 0.023 g/cm 2 in femoral neck and 0.063 g/cm 2 in L2-L4 (p < 0.001), while in postmenopausal women BMD loss was 0.015 g/cm 2 in femoral neck and 0.035 g/cm 2 in L2-L4 (p = 0.021 and p = 0.001 respectively). Change in lumbar spine BMD was prominent in premenopausal women with advanced clinical stage (IIB, IIIA, IIIB): 0.066 g/cm 2 (p = 0.003). Conclusion: The antineoplastic breast cancer treatment with chemotherapy had a negative impact on BMD, in premenopausal women overall, although a differential effect was found according to clinical stage and calcium supplementation status.
Archivos Latinoamericanos De Nutricion, Jun 1, 1999
British Journal of …, 1997
Age and Ageing, 2011
A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-re... more A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. J Gerontol 1994; 49: M85-94.
Public Health Nutrition
Objective To determine the prevalence of and modifiable factors associated with prediabetes in th... more Objective To determine the prevalence of and modifiable factors associated with prediabetes in the Comcáac Indians. Design Cross-sectional study where prediabetes was defined using fasting plasma glucose, 2 h plasma glucose and glycated Hb (HbA1c). Physical, anthropometric and biochemical measurements, medical record, socio-economic, dietary and physical activity information were collected. The modifiable factors associated with prediabetes were assessed using multiple logistic regression. Settings Comcáac Indian communities of Punta Chueca and El Desemboque, Sonora, Mexico. Subjects Adults (n 227) aged 20 years or older. Results The sex- and age-adjusted prevalence (95 % CI) of prediabetes was 47·1 (40·8, 53·5) % in the overall population; age-adjusted prevalence was 47·3 (35·6, 59·0) % in men and 46·7 (39·1, 54·3) % in women. The modifiable factors associated with a risk of prediabetes (OR; 95 % CI) were light-intensity physical activity (per 1 h/week increase: 1·04; 1·01, 1·07) a...
Tropical biomedicine, 2019
Caborca is one of the most productive asparagus-growing regions in the state of Sonora in northwe... more Caborca is one of the most productive asparagus-growing regions in the state of Sonora in northwest Mexico, an area where some fresh fruits and vegetables are sold at unregulated open-air street markets. This is a cross-sectional study in which fifty bundles of asparagus for exportation, 50 bundles of sub-standard asparagus, and 50 bundles of asparagus from open-air markets were selected randomly and then subjected to Faust, Kinyoun and ELISA testing to detect intestinal parasites. Pearson's chi-square (χ2) and Student-NewmanKeuls tests were used to estimate differences among the sampling site groups (P < 0.05). The pathogens Cryptosporidium spp. (29%) G. intestinalis (5%) and Cyclospora spp. (3%) were found in the asparagus sold in the region. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was higher in both the sub-standard asparagus and the product sampled from the open-air markets than in the samples for exportation (P < 0.05). This is the first study to demonstrate contaminat...
Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 2002
Thirty four subjects (13 men and 21 women), 24 to 70 years old from northern Mexico, were measure... more Thirty four subjects (13 men and 21 women), 24 to 70 years old from northern Mexico, were measured for body density by air displacement plethysmography (ADP) with the BOD-POD, and for total body water by deuterium oxide dilution and infrared spectroscopy (IRS-DOD). Subjects were given a 30 g dose of deuterium oxide. Saliva samples were filtered, sublimated, and deuterium was measured using a Miran 1 FF, IRS. Linear regression of the fat mass (FM) derived from both methods showed that the intercept (0.071) was not different from zero (p = .96) and the slope was 0.96 (p < .0001) demonstrating the techniques to be equivalent. Further, mean FM was 26.7 ± 12.4 and 25.6 ± 12.4 kg, for IRS-DOD and ADP techniques, respectively (p = .08). Precision analysis by the model R2 showed that 92.3% of the variability was explained (SEM = 3.4 kg). Bland-Altman analysis showed no significant bias (r = 0.017; p = .93). Mean difference between methods was −1.08 (CI: −2.3 to + 0.13) kg FM.
The Journal of Nutrition, 2012
Vitamin A (VA) deficiency (VAD) continues to be a major nutritional problem in developing countri... more Vitamin A (VA) deficiency (VAD) continues to be a major nutritional problem in developing countries, including Central America. In Mexico, milk is a well-accepted vehicle for the administration of micronutrients, including VA, to preschoolers. Thus, we conducted a randomized, controlled, clinical trial to investigate the efficacy of daily consumption of 250 mL of VA-fortified milk (which provided 196 retinol equivalents/d) for 3 mo on VA stores in mildly to moderately VAD (serum retinol concentration 0.35-0.7 mmol/L) preschoolers who were not enrolled in a food assistance program. Twenty-seven mildly to moderately VAD children were randomly assigned based on screening measurements to either the intervention (n = 14) or control group (n = 13) (children in the control group did not receive placebo). All children in the control group and 79% (n = 11) of the children in the intervention group completed the study. The total body VA (TBVA) pool size was estimated using the deuterated retinol dilution technique before and after the intervention. After 3 mo, median changes in the serum retinol concentration for the intervention and control groups were 0.13 and 20.21 mmol/L, respectively (P = 0.009). Median changes in the TBVA stores were 0.06 and 0.01 mmol, respectively (P = 0.006) and estimated median changes in the liver VA concentration were 0.09 and 0.01 mmol/g, respectively (P = 0.002). The VA-fortified milk was well accepted among preschoolers and significantly increased TBVA stores, liver VA stores, and serum retinol concentration, indicating that it may be an effective means to ameliorate VAD in young Mexican children.
Nutrition Journal, 2007
Background The study of body composition in specific populations by techniques such as bio-impeda... more Background The study of body composition in specific populations by techniques such as bio-impedance analysis (BIA) requires validation based on standard reference methods. The aim of this study was to develop and cross-validate a predictive equation for bioelectrical impedance using air displacement plethysmography (ADP) as standard method to measure body composition in Mexican adult men and women. Methods This study included 155 male and female subjects from northern Mexico, 20–50 years of age, from low, middle, and upper income levels. Body composition was measured by ADP. Body weight (BW, kg) and height (Ht, cm) were obtained by standard anthropometric techniques. Resistance, R (ohms) and reactance, Xc (ohms) were also measured. A random-split method was used to obtain two samples: one was used to derive the equation by the "all possible regressions" procedure and was cross-validated in the other sample to test predicted versus measured values of fat-free mass (FFM). R...
BACKGROUND The holiday season is considered a high-risk period for weight gain, especially for pe... more BACKGROUND The holiday season is considered a high-risk period for weight gain, especially for people with overweight or obesity. However, few evaluated interventions have focused on preventing weight gain during this period and, to our knowledge, none have intended to treat obesity. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of a web-based intervention adapted from the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP-web) for weight loss in Mexican adults with overweight or obesity at 3 months compared to a waiting list control group. METHODS A pilot randomised controlled trial with parallel groups (DPP-web and waiting list) targeting adults with overweight or obesity. Participants were recruited using Facebook ads. A web-based app was designed for the delivery of the Cognitive Behavioural Sessions (CBS) of the DPP-web, and Facebook video calls were used for weekly online nutrition counselling sessions (NCS) by a trained dietitian. The primary outcome was the change in body weight at 3 months. The seconda...
Could giardiasis be a risk factor for low zinc status in schoolchildren from northwestern Mexico?... more Could giardiasis be a risk factor for low zinc status in schoolchildren from northwestern Mexico? A cross-sectional study with longitudinal follow-up.
Introduction. Pima Indians living in the United States (U.S.) have the highest prevalence of type... more Introduction. Pima Indians living in the United States (U.S.) have the highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the world. Their Mexican counterparts, living a traditional lifestyle in the mountain of Sonora, Mexico, have at least five times less diabetes than the U.S. Pima Indians. The effects of a traditional lifestyle in reducing type 2 diabetes risk factors and the association of factors to type 2 diabetes were evaluated in a sample of 1211 genetically related Pima Indians living different lifestyles (224 from Mexico and 887 from U.S.). Subsets of these populations were used to address specific questions. First, differences in insulin resistance between subjects with normal glucose tolerance (194 Mexican versus 449 U.S. Pima) were evaluated. Second, the effect of physical activity and obesity explaining differences in metabolic syndrome prevalence were evaluated in 224 and 447 Mexican and U.S. Pima Indians. Third, factors associated with type 2 diabetes were evaluated i...
Biotecnia
Los medidores de glucosa se utilizan para ayudar al profesional de la salud a monitorear y detect... more Los medidores de glucosa se utilizan para ayudar al profesional de la salud a monitorear y detectar alteraciones de la glucosa sanguínea (GS). El objetivo fue comparar la técnica de HemoCue (HC) versus glucosa oxidasa (GOx) para la medición de GS utilizando 368 mediciones de GS por ambos métodos. Se utilizaron gráficos de Bland & Altman, prueba de t-pareada y regresión lineal para su comparación. Se encontró concordancia entre los métodos en la mayoría de los niveles de glucosa, excepto a concentraciones de glucosa ≥ 6.993 mmol/L. El analizador de glucosa HC es bueno para su uso en estudios de campo ya que es técnicamente fácil y requiere muy poco mantenimiento; sin embargo, se recomienda tener especial cuidado con aquellas personas cuyos valores de glucosa están dentro del límite del diagnóstico de diabetes ya que, con el método HC, existe el riesgo de clasificar erróneamente a las personas que ya tienen diabetes como no diabéticas. Por lo tanto, dada la importancia de conocer los ...
Acta Universitaria
Los yaquis presentan una alta prevalencia de obesidad y la información sobre su dieta es limitada... more Los yaquis presentan una alta prevalencia de obesidad y la información sobre su dieta es limitada. El objetivo fue diseñar y validar un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos para evaluar la dieta de adultos yaquis (CFCAY). El diseño del CFCAY derivó de la aplicación de dos recordatorios de 24 horas (R24Hrs) en 156 yaquis. La validación del CFCAY vs. R24Hrs para energía total, macronutrientes y micronutrientes se realizó mediante correlación de Pearson (r), de intraclase (CI) y por el gráfico de Bland y Altman (BA). El CFCAY incluyó 123 alimentos, tres tamaños de porción y cinco categorías de frecuencia de consumo. Los coeficientes de r estuvieron entre 0.23 y 0.56, indicando correlaciones aceptables y buenas. Los coeficientes de CI fueron mayores a los de Pearson y el gráfico de BA mostró valores más altos para el CFCAY vs. R24Hrs. El CFCAY permitirá estudiar la dieta de adultos yaquis.
Atencion primaria, Jan 25, 2018
To analyze changes in blood glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations in relation to a mod... more To analyze changes in blood glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations in relation to a moderate aerobic exercise in sedentary women of different body weight, exposed to either a high or low glycemic index carbohydrates diet. DISEñO: Cross-over type. SITE: Research was performed in the Exercise Physiology Laboratory at Facultad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, México. Twenty-six young sedentary women who did not exercise in the last year participated in the study. Four of adequate weight (AW) and 2 with obesity (OB) were excluded for not consuming the suggested carbohydrates (1gr/kg of weight) nor completed the programed exercise. There were n=10 in each group (AW/OB). Two treatments of 55minutes of aerobic exercise each were applied one day after consuming either high or low glycemic index carbohydrates. Plasmatic glucose, insulin, and triglycerides were determined before and after the scheduled exercise. Glucose, insulin, and triglycerides...
Annals of human genetics, Jan 17, 2018
Prevalence of diabetes and obesity in Mexican Pima Indians is low, while prevalence in US Pima In... more Prevalence of diabetes and obesity in Mexican Pima Indians is low, while prevalence in US Pima Indians is high. Although lifestyle likely accounts for much of the difference, the role of genetic factors is not well explored. To examine this, we genotyped 359 single nucleotide polymorphisms, including established type 2 diabetes and obesity variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and 96 random markers, in 342 Mexican Pimas. A multimarker risk score of obesity variants was associated with body mass index (BMI; β = 0.81 kg/m per SD, P = 0.0066). The mean value of the score was lower in Mexican Pimas than in US Pimas (P = 4.3 × 10 ), and differences in allele frequencies at established loci could account for approximately 7% of the population difference in BMI; however, the difference in risk scores was consistent with evolutionary neutrality given genetic distance. To identify loci potentially under recent natural selection, allele frequencies at 283 variants were compared...
Journal of obesity, 2017
Several studies suggest that the holiday season, starting from the last week of November to the f... more Several studies suggest that the holiday season, starting from the last week of November to the first or second week of January, could be critical to gaining weight. This study aims to review the literature to determine the effects of the holidays on body weight. In studies of adults, a significant weight gain was consistently observed during this period (0.4 to 0.9 kg, p < 0.05). The only study in college students found an effect on body fat but not on weight (0.1 kg, p = 0.71). The only study found in children did not show an effect on BMI percentile (-0.4%, p > 0.05) during this period. Among individuals with obesity who attempt to lose weight, an increase in weight was observed (0.3 to 0.9 kg, significant in some but not in all studies), as well as increase in weight in motivated self-monitoring people (0.4 to 0.6%, p < 0.001). Programs focused on self-monitoring during the holidays (phone calls and daily mailing) appeared to prevent weight gain, but information is limi...
BMC Cancer, 2016
Background: Breast cancer is the most deadly malignancy in Mexican women. Although treatment has ... more Background: Breast cancer is the most deadly malignancy in Mexican women. Although treatment has improved, it may significantly affect bone mineral status in those who receive it. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of cancer treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC), in patients with breast cancer and explore the interaction of menopausal status and clinical stage with cancer treatment on such changes. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was applied with measurements before and after a chemotherapy treatment in 40 patients with primary diagnosis of invasive breast cancer. BMD and body composition measurements were taken by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and changes in these variables due to therapy were analyzed using mixed regression for repeated measurements. Results: Significant loss was found in femoral neck and L2-L4 BMD (p < 0.001). Patients diagnosed with osteopenia or osteoporosis received calcium + vitamin D supplementation (600 mg/200 IU day). It showed a protective effect in the decrease of femoral neck BMD and total BMC. BMD loss in both femoral neck and L2-L4 BMD was higher in premenopausal women: 0.023 g/cm 2 in femoral neck and 0.063 g/cm 2 in L2-L4 (p < 0.001), while in postmenopausal women BMD loss was 0.015 g/cm 2 in femoral neck and 0.035 g/cm 2 in L2-L4 (p = 0.021 and p = 0.001 respectively). Change in lumbar spine BMD was prominent in premenopausal women with advanced clinical stage (IIB, IIIA, IIIB): 0.066 g/cm 2 (p = 0.003). Conclusion: The antineoplastic breast cancer treatment with chemotherapy had a negative impact on BMD, in premenopausal women overall, although a differential effect was found according to clinical stage and calcium supplementation status.
Archivos Latinoamericanos De Nutricion, Jun 1, 1999
British Journal of …, 1997
Age and Ageing, 2011
A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-re... more A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. J Gerontol 1994; 49: M85-94.
Public Health Nutrition
Objective To determine the prevalence of and modifiable factors associated with prediabetes in th... more Objective To determine the prevalence of and modifiable factors associated with prediabetes in the Comcáac Indians. Design Cross-sectional study where prediabetes was defined using fasting plasma glucose, 2 h plasma glucose and glycated Hb (HbA1c). Physical, anthropometric and biochemical measurements, medical record, socio-economic, dietary and physical activity information were collected. The modifiable factors associated with prediabetes were assessed using multiple logistic regression. Settings Comcáac Indian communities of Punta Chueca and El Desemboque, Sonora, Mexico. Subjects Adults (n 227) aged 20 years or older. Results The sex- and age-adjusted prevalence (95 % CI) of prediabetes was 47·1 (40·8, 53·5) % in the overall population; age-adjusted prevalence was 47·3 (35·6, 59·0) % in men and 46·7 (39·1, 54·3) % in women. The modifiable factors associated with a risk of prediabetes (OR; 95 % CI) were light-intensity physical activity (per 1 h/week increase: 1·04; 1·01, 1·07) a...