Eva O. Arceo-Gomez | Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (original) (raw)
Uploads
Papers by Eva O. Arceo-Gomez
WIDER Working Paper, 2016
This study has been prepared within the UNU-WIDER project on 'Discrimination and Affirmative Acti... more This study has been prepared within the UNU-WIDER project on 'Discrimination and Affirmative Action: What have we learnt so far?', which is part of a larger research project on 'Disadvantaged Groups and Social Mobility'.
El Trimestre Económico, 2014
El artículo analiza la brecha salarial de género en México entre 1990 y 2010 utilizando los censo... more El artículo analiza la brecha salarial de género en México entre 1990 y 2010 utilizando los censos de población. En promedio, la brecha salarial ha disminuido en el periodo. En 2010 la brecha salarial de género fue de 6%. El promedio no describe el comportamiento de la brecha en la distribución. Hallamos un patrón estable de “piso pegajoso” y un patrón decreciente de “techo de cristal” a lo largo de la distribución en este periodo. Utilizamos un método semiparamétrico para descomponer la brecha salarial en características y precios, y corregimos por la selección de las mujeres al mercado laboral. La mayor parte de la brecha salarial se debe al efecto de precios y no de características. Al corregir por selección la brecha salarial resulta mayor, lo cual sugiere que existe selección positiva de las mujeres; ésta se acentúa en el caso de las mujeres de baja educación y en cuantiles bajos.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012
We analyze the consequences of a teenage pregnancy event in the short and long run in Mexico. Usi... more We analyze the consequences of a teenage pregnancy event in the short and long run in Mexico. Using longitudinal and cross-section data, we match females who became pregnant and those who did not based on a propensity score. In the short run, we find that a teenage pregnancy causes a decrease of 0.6-0.8 years of schooling, lower school attendance, fewer hours of work and a higher marriage rate. In the long run, we find that a teenage pregnancy results in a 1-1.2-year loss in years of education, which implies a permanent ef fect on education, and lower household income per capita.
El objetivo del presente trabajo es caracterizar a la población entre las edades de 15 a 29 años ... more El objetivo del presente trabajo es caracterizar a la población entre las edades de 15 a 29 años de edad en México que no estudia y no trabaja (NiNi). Utilizamos los Censos de Población de 1990, 2000 y 2010, la ENIGH para el periodo 1992-2010 y la ENOE para ...
World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks, Apr 11, 2019
In Mexico, as in most Latin American countries with indigenous populations, it is commonly believ... more In Mexico, as in most Latin American countries with indigenous populations, it is commonly believed that European phenotypes are preferred to mestizo or indigenous phenotypes. However, it is hard to test for such racial biases in the labor market using official statistics since race can only be inferred from native language. Moreover, employers may think that married females have lower productivity, and hence they may be more reluctant to hire them. We are interested in testing both hypotheses through a field experiment in the labor market. The experiment consisted on sending fictitious curriculums (CVs) responding to job advertisements with randomized information of the applicants. The CVs included photographs representing three distinct phenotypes: Caucasian, mestizo and indigenous. We also randomly vary marital status across gender and phenotype. Hence, our test consists on finding whether there are significant differences in the callback rates. We find that females have 40 percent more callbacks than males. We also find that indigenous looking females are discriminated against, but the effect is not present for males. Interestingly, married females are penalized in the labor market and this penalty is higher for indigenous-looking women. We did not find an effect of marital status on males.
Los Documentos de Trabajo del CIDE son una herramienta para fomentar la discusión entre las comun... more Los Documentos de Trabajo del CIDE son una herramienta para fomentar la discusión entre las comunidades académicas. A partir de la difusión, en este formato, de los avances de investigación se busca que los autores puedan recibir comentarios y retroalimentación de sus pares nacionales e internacionales en un estado aún temprano de la investigación.
We analyze the consequences of a teenage pregnancy event in the short- and long-run in Mexico. Us... more We analyze the consequences of a teenage pregnancy event in the short- and long-run in Mexico. Using longitudinal and cross-section data, we match females who got pregnant and those that did not based on a propensity score. Several balancing tests and specifications indicate that the main assumptions to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated using a propensity score are satisfied. In the short-run, we find that a teenage pregnancy causes a decrease of 0.6-0.8 years of schooling, lower attendance to school, less hours of work and a higher marriage rate. At the household level, our results show that there is no effect in parental hours of work or income per capita. In the long-run, we show evidence of a loss in years of education of 1-1.2 and of a higher probability of being married, but also of higher probability of being separated or divorced. Finally, we find that household income per capita is lower at least in the long-run.
The objetive of this article is to characterize the population between 15 and 29 years old who do... more The objetive of this article is to characterize the population between 15 and 29 years old who does not attend school and does not work (NiNi, as they are know in Mexico). We used data from the 1990, 2000 and 2010 Cesuses of Population, the 1992-2010 Income and Expenditure Surveys and the 2005-2010 National Labor Surveys in Mexico. We find that the porportion of NiNis in the population has decreased between 1990 and 2010. However, there are important differences between males and females for the last decade. We find that after the 2008 global recession there is an increase in the male NiNi proportion. The percetage of female NiNis decreased during the entire period, mostly due to a higher female labor force participation and an increase in school attendance. We find that in 2010 there were 8.6 million NiNis nationally (28.9 percent of the population in the age group), 2.05 million of which are men and 6.54 million are women. Finally we find evidence that the probability of being a NiNi is mostly related to educational attainment and income in the household for males; and for females it is mostly correlated with their decision to do domestic work.
WIDER Working Paper, 2016
This study has been prepared within the UNU-WIDER project on 'Discrimination and Affirmative Acti... more This study has been prepared within the UNU-WIDER project on 'Discrimination and Affirmative Action: What have we learnt so far?', which is part of a larger research project on 'Disadvantaged Groups and Social Mobility'.
El Trimestre Económico, 2014
El artículo analiza la brecha salarial de género en México entre 1990 y 2010 utilizando los censo... more El artículo analiza la brecha salarial de género en México entre 1990 y 2010 utilizando los censos de población. En promedio, la brecha salarial ha disminuido en el periodo. En 2010 la brecha salarial de género fue de 6%. El promedio no describe el comportamiento de la brecha en la distribución. Hallamos un patrón estable de “piso pegajoso” y un patrón decreciente de “techo de cristal” a lo largo de la distribución en este periodo. Utilizamos un método semiparamétrico para descomponer la brecha salarial en características y precios, y corregimos por la selección de las mujeres al mercado laboral. La mayor parte de la brecha salarial se debe al efecto de precios y no de características. Al corregir por selección la brecha salarial resulta mayor, lo cual sugiere que existe selección positiva de las mujeres; ésta se acentúa en el caso de las mujeres de baja educación y en cuantiles bajos.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012
We analyze the consequences of a teenage pregnancy event in the short and long run in Mexico. Usi... more We analyze the consequences of a teenage pregnancy event in the short and long run in Mexico. Using longitudinal and cross-section data, we match females who became pregnant and those who did not based on a propensity score. In the short run, we find that a teenage pregnancy causes a decrease of 0.6-0.8 years of schooling, lower school attendance, fewer hours of work and a higher marriage rate. In the long run, we find that a teenage pregnancy results in a 1-1.2-year loss in years of education, which implies a permanent ef fect on education, and lower household income per capita.
El objetivo del presente trabajo es caracterizar a la población entre las edades de 15 a 29 años ... more El objetivo del presente trabajo es caracterizar a la población entre las edades de 15 a 29 años de edad en México que no estudia y no trabaja (NiNi). Utilizamos los Censos de Población de 1990, 2000 y 2010, la ENIGH para el periodo 1992-2010 y la ENOE para ...
World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks, Apr 11, 2019
In Mexico, as in most Latin American countries with indigenous populations, it is commonly believ... more In Mexico, as in most Latin American countries with indigenous populations, it is commonly believed that European phenotypes are preferred to mestizo or indigenous phenotypes. However, it is hard to test for such racial biases in the labor market using official statistics since race can only be inferred from native language. Moreover, employers may think that married females have lower productivity, and hence they may be more reluctant to hire them. We are interested in testing both hypotheses through a field experiment in the labor market. The experiment consisted on sending fictitious curriculums (CVs) responding to job advertisements with randomized information of the applicants. The CVs included photographs representing three distinct phenotypes: Caucasian, mestizo and indigenous. We also randomly vary marital status across gender and phenotype. Hence, our test consists on finding whether there are significant differences in the callback rates. We find that females have 40 percent more callbacks than males. We also find that indigenous looking females are discriminated against, but the effect is not present for males. Interestingly, married females are penalized in the labor market and this penalty is higher for indigenous-looking women. We did not find an effect of marital status on males.
Los Documentos de Trabajo del CIDE son una herramienta para fomentar la discusión entre las comun... more Los Documentos de Trabajo del CIDE son una herramienta para fomentar la discusión entre las comunidades académicas. A partir de la difusión, en este formato, de los avances de investigación se busca que los autores puedan recibir comentarios y retroalimentación de sus pares nacionales e internacionales en un estado aún temprano de la investigación.
We analyze the consequences of a teenage pregnancy event in the short- and long-run in Mexico. Us... more We analyze the consequences of a teenage pregnancy event in the short- and long-run in Mexico. Using longitudinal and cross-section data, we match females who got pregnant and those that did not based on a propensity score. Several balancing tests and specifications indicate that the main assumptions to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated using a propensity score are satisfied. In the short-run, we find that a teenage pregnancy causes a decrease of 0.6-0.8 years of schooling, lower attendance to school, less hours of work and a higher marriage rate. At the household level, our results show that there is no effect in parental hours of work or income per capita. In the long-run, we show evidence of a loss in years of education of 1-1.2 and of a higher probability of being married, but also of higher probability of being separated or divorced. Finally, we find that household income per capita is lower at least in the long-run.
The objetive of this article is to characterize the population between 15 and 29 years old who do... more The objetive of this article is to characterize the population between 15 and 29 years old who does not attend school and does not work (NiNi, as they are know in Mexico). We used data from the 1990, 2000 and 2010 Cesuses of Population, the 1992-2010 Income and Expenditure Surveys and the 2005-2010 National Labor Surveys in Mexico. We find that the porportion of NiNis in the population has decreased between 1990 and 2010. However, there are important differences between males and females for the last decade. We find that after the 2008 global recession there is an increase in the male NiNi proportion. The percetage of female NiNis decreased during the entire period, mostly due to a higher female labor force participation and an increase in school attendance. We find that in 2010 there were 8.6 million NiNis nationally (28.9 percent of the population in the age group), 2.05 million of which are men and 6.54 million are women. Finally we find evidence that the probability of being a NiNi is mostly related to educational attainment and income in the household for males; and for females it is mostly correlated with their decision to do domestic work.