Juan Corral-Pérez | Universidad de Cádiz (original) (raw)

Papers by Juan Corral-Pérez

Research paper thumbnail of Risk and Protective Factors for Frailty in Pre-Frail and Frail Older Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Feb 10, 2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity, Inactivity, and Related Factors in Family Caregivers of Patients with Terminal Cancer

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Dec 22, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of Sex-Specific Relationships of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour with Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers in Young Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Jan 4, 2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)-gamma Coactivator (PGC)-1 alpha gene rs8192678 polymorphism by gender on different health-related parameters in healthy young adults

Frontiers in Physiology, Jul 22, 2022

This study aimed to analyze the influence of the peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor (PPAR)... more This study aimed to analyze the influence of the peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor (PPAR)-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1 alpha (PPARGC1A) gene rs8192678 C>T polymorphism on different health-related parameters in male and female young adults. The PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 polymorphism was ascertained by polymerase chain reaction in 74 healthy adults (28 women; 22.72 ± 4.40 years) from Andalusia (Spain). Health-related variables included cardiometabolic risk, anthropometry and body composition, biochemical parameters, insulin sensitivity (QUICKI and HOMA-IR indexes), blood pressure (BP) at rest and after exercise, diet, basal metabolism, physical activity, maximal fat oxidation, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Our results showed differences by PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 C>T polymorphism in body mass (p = 0.002), body mass index (p = 0.024), lean body mass (p = 0.024), body fat (p = 0.032), waist circumference (p = 0.020), and BP recovery ratio (p < 0.001). The recessive model (CC vs. CT/TT) showed similar results but also with differences in basal metabolism (p = 0.045) and total energy expenditure (p = 0.024). A genotype*sex interaction was found in the QUICKI index (p = 0.016), with differences between CC and CT/TT in men (p = 0.049) and between men and women inside the CT/TT group (p = 0.049). Thus, the

Research paper thumbnail of Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time are associated with maximal fat oxidation in young adults

European Journal of Sport Science, Aug 13, 2021

OBJECTIVES: To prospectively examine associations between accelerometer-measured physical activit... more OBJECTIVES: To prospectively examine associations between accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) and mortality in older women, with an emphasis on lightintensity PA. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with baseline data collection between March 2012 and April 2014. SETTING: Women's Health Initiative cohort in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling women aged 63 to 99 (N = 6,382). MEASUREMENTS: Minutes per day of usual PA measured using hip-worn triaxial accelerometers, physical functioning measured using the Short Physical Performance Battery, mortality follow-up for a mean 3.1 years through September 2016 (450 deaths). RESULTS: When adjusted for accelerometer wear time, age, race-ethnicity, education, smoking, alcohol, self-rated health, and comorbidities, relative risks (95% confidence intervals) for all-cause mortality across PA tertiles were 1.00 (referent), 0.86 (0.69, 1.08), 0.80 (0.62, 1.03) trend P = .07, for low light; 1.00, 0.57 (0.45, 0.71), 0.47 (0.35, 0.61) trend P < .001, for high light; and, 1.00, 0.63 (0.50, 0.79), 0.42 (0.30, 0.57) trend P < .001, for moderate-tovigorous PA (MVPA). Associations remained significant for high light-intensity PA and MVPA (P < .001) after further adjustment for physical function. Each 30-min/d increment in light-intensity (low and high combined) PA and MVPA was associated, on average, with multivariable relative risk reductions of 12% and 39%, respectively (P < .01). After further simultaneous adjusting for light intensity and MVPA, the inverse associations remained significant (light-intensity PA: RR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.89-0.97; MVPA: RR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.58-0.78). These relative risks did not differ between subgroups for age or race and ethnicity (interaction, P ≥ .14, all). CONCLUSION: When measured using accelerometers, light-intensity and MVPA are associated with lower mortality in older women. These findings suggest that replacing sedentary time with light-intensity PA is a public health strategy that could benefit an aging society and warrants further investigation. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of a 12-Week Concurrent Training Intervention on Cardiometabolic Health in Obese Men: A Pilot Study

Frontiers in Physiology, Feb 11, 2021

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week concurrent training intervention ... more The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week concurrent training intervention on cardiometabolic health in obese men. Twelve obese men (42.5 ± 5.3 years old) participated in the current 12−week randomized controlled trial with a parallel group design. The participants were randomly assigned to a concurrent training group or to a no-exercise control group. Anthropometry and body composition assessment were determined by electrical bio-impedance. Blood samples were obtained and a cardiometabolic risk Z-Score was calculated. Energy metabolismrelated parameters [i.e., resting metabolic rate (RMR), respiratory quotient (RQ), and substrate oxidation in both resting conditions and during exercise] were determined by indirect calorimetry. Echocardiographic studies were performed using an ultrasound system equipped with a transducer to measure cardiac function. A significant decrease of weight (= −4.21 kg; i.e., primary outcome), body mass index (= −1.32 kg/m 2), fat mass (FM; = −3.27 kg), blood pressure (BP; = −10.81 mmHg), and cardiometabolic risk Z-Score (= −0.39) was observed in the exercise group compared with the control group (all P < 0.05), while no significant changes were noted in waist circumference (WC), lean mass (LM), bone mineral content, glycemic and lipid profiles, liver function, nor in energy metabolism-related parameters (all P > 0.1). Moreover, a significant increment of left ventricular (LV) end diastolic diameter (= −4.35 mm) was observed in the exercise group compared with the control group (P = 0.02). A 12-week concurrent training intervention is an effective strategy to induce weight and fat loss with simultaneous reductions of BP and cardiometabolic risk, and improving cardiac function in obese men.

Research paper thumbnail of Self-reported And Device Measures To Evaluate Commuting-related Physical Activity In College Students: The Ucactive Study

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

Research paper thumbnail of Antioxidants Markers of Professional Soccer Players During the Season and their Relationship with Competitive Performance

Journal of Human Kinetics, 2021

The aim of this study was to assess antioxidant markers before and after a mid-season of professi... more The aim of this study was to assess antioxidant markers before and after a mid-season of professional soccer players from the 3rd Spanish Division, and to correlate antioxidant markers with competitive performance. Sixty-five male players (age = 25.3 ± 4.2 yr, body mass = 73.2 ± 6.7 kg, body height = 177.8 ± 5.7 cm) from three soccer clubs from Cádiz (Spain) participated in the study. Body composition, maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max), and baseline antioxidant blood markers (Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and Reduced glutathione/Oxidized glutathione ratio) were assessed in the first week of the championship season (pre-test) and after 18 weeks in the mid-season (post-test). Soccer performance was registered according to the official classification ranking at both the mid-season and at the end of the season; ranking positions for Team A were 2nd and 1st, for Team B were 5th and 5th, while for Team C were 12th and 14th, respectively. Regression analyses showed that TAS and VO2max wer...

Research paper thumbnail of Breaking-up sedentary time can regulate maximal fat oxidation capacity during exercise

Clinical Nutrition, 2018

Rationale: Sedentary behaviour has been associated with mortality, cardiovascular disease and obe... more Rationale: Sedentary behaviour has been associated with mortality, cardiovascular disease and obesity. It has been suggested that individuals who break up sedentary time more frequently have a more favorable cardiometabolic risk profile, than those who habitually engage in prolonged periods of uninterrupted sedentary time, independent of total time spent sedentary. Hence, the main aim of this study was to determine the effects of breaks in sedentary time on fat oxidation capacity. Methods: 76 volunteers (30 women) aged 22.56 ± 4.10 years were involved. An incremental exercise protocol with two consecutive phases on a cycle ergometer was performed. The first phase aimed to determine the highest rate of fat oxidation (MFO) and the intensity that elicits MFO (Fatmax) using a validated protocol, and stopped when RER 1. The second phase was initiated to detect the VO 2max increasing load every minute from Fatmax until exhaustion. Frequency of breaks in sedentary time (BST) and the amount of time expended in each BST (LengthBST) were assessed using accelerometers on the lower back of participants for 7 consecutive days prior to MFO test. Participants were stratified in four groups, low BST (BST1), high BST (BST2), low (LengthBST) (L1) and high (LengthBST) (L2). All data were analysed with one way-analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Bonferroni post hoc correction. Results: MFO relative to fat-free mass (FFM) was 6.89 ± 2.73 mg/kgFFM/ min. ANOVA analysis showed higher values of MFO in L2 compared to L1 (7.64 ± 2.75 and 6.12 ± 2.51 mg/kgFFM/min)(p < 0.01). In addition, analyses showed a higher value of MFO for BST1 than BST2 (7.24 ± 0.41 and 6.56 ± 0.41 mg/kgFFM/min), without significance(p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that the LengthBST could have more effect on fat oxidation than the number of BST. Increasing the LengthBST could be an efficient tool to fight against obesity. Disclosure of interest: None declared.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of FTO rs9939609 SNP and cardiorespiratory fitness on maximal fat oxidation

Research paper thumbnail of Capacidad aeróbica, dieta mediterránea y riesgo cardiometabólico en adultos

Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición, 2019

Resumen Introduccion Un estilo de vida poco activo y una dieta inadecuada podrian influir en el d... more Resumen Introduccion Un estilo de vida poco activo y una dieta inadecuada podrian influir en el desarrollo de futuras enfermedades cardiometabolicas. El objetivo principal fue determinar la asociacion entre capacidad aerobica y factores de riesgo cardiometabolicos y si dicha posible asociacion es independiente de la dieta mediterranea (DM). A su vez, se plantea como objetivo secundario estudiar el efecto combinado de la capacidad aerobica y la adherencia a la DM sobre el indice de riesgo cardiometabolico global (IRCM) en adultos. Metodos Se evaluo a 79 adultos (38% mujeres) entre 18 y 40 anos en Cadiz. Se midieron indicadores de adiposidad, presion arterial, trigliceridos, glucosa y perfil inflamatorio (interleucina-6 y factor de necrosis tumoral) y se desarrollo un IRCM. Se midio la capacidad aerobica mediante el consumo maximo de oxigeno a traves de una prueba de esfuerzo incremental en cicloergometro. La adherencia a la DM se evaluo mediante cuestionario. Se utilizo un modelo de regresion lineal para estudiar la asociacion entre capacidad aerobica y factores de riesgo cardiometabolicos con diferentes modelos de ajuste. Se analizo el efecto combinado de la capacidad aerobica y la adherencia a la DM sobre el IRCM mediante el test de ANOVA, con nivel de significacion de p Resultados Se observo asociacion negativa entre la capacidad aerobica y los factores de riesgo cardiometabolicos (todas p ≤ 0,05) en el modelo sin ajustar. La presion arterial y los trigliceridos perdieron la asociacion tras ajustar el modelo por sexo, edad y adherencia a la DM. Los participantes con alta capacidad aerobica y alta adherencia a la DM mostraron un menor IRCM (−1,083 ± 2,325 vs. 2,802 ± 1,759). Conclusiones La capacidad aerobica se asocia de forma inversa con factores de riesgo cardiometabolicos relacionados con la adiposidad, independientemente de la adherencia a la DM. Una alta adherencia a la DM podria influir en la modulacion de la presion arterial. Una alta capacidad aerobica podria reducir las consecuencias adversas de una baja adherencia a la DM.

Research paper thumbnail of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1-Α) rs8192678 polymorphism does not affect fat oxidation in young adults

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of Gender on Plasma Leptin Levels, Fat Oxidation, and Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults: The Mediating Role of Fitness and Fatness

Nutrients

It is unknown how plasma leptin affects fat oxidation depending on sex in young adults. Therefore... more It is unknown how plasma leptin affects fat oxidation depending on sex in young adults. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations of plasma leptin with resting fat oxidation (RFO), maximal fat oxidation during exercise (MFO), and insulin sensitivity, considering the different responses in men and women, and the mediating role of fatness and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Sixty-five young adults (22.5 ± 4.3 years; body mass index = 25.2 ± 4.7 kg·m−2, 23 females) participated in this study. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and leptin were analyzed. Variables related to insulin resistance (HOMA1-IR, HOMA2-IR), secretion (HOMA-%β), and sensitivity (HOMA-%S, QUICKI) were computed. RFO and MFO were determined through indirect calorimetry. A peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) test was performed until exhaustion after the MFO test. The MFO was relativized to body mass (MFO-BM) and the legs’ lean mass divided by the height squared (MFO-LI). In men, leptin was...

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of the FTO Gene Variation on Appetite and Fat Oxidation in Young Adults

Nutrients

The FTO rs9939609 gene, which presents three polymorphisms (AA, AT, and TT), has been associated ... more The FTO rs9939609 gene, which presents three polymorphisms (AA, AT, and TT), has been associated with the development of obesity through an increased fat accumulation; however, the associations of the gene with other physiological mechanisms, such as appetite or fat oxidation, are still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the influence of the FTO rs9939609 gene on different obesity-related factors in young adults. The FTO rs9939609 polymorphism was genotyped in 73 participants (28 women, 22.27 ± 3.70 years). Obesity-related factors included dietary assessment, physical activity expenditure, body composition, appetite sensation, resting metabolic rate, maximal fat oxidation during exercise (MFO), and cardiorespiratory fitness. Our results showed that TT allele participants expressed higher values of hunger (p = 0.049) and appetite (p = 0.043) after exercising compared to the AT allele group. Moreover, the TT allele group showed significantly higher values of MFO (p = 0.03...

Research paper thumbnail of Changes in Muscle Deoxygenation During Squat Exercise After 6-Week Resistance Training With Different Percentages of Velocity Loss

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

Costilla, M, Casals, C, Marín-Galindo, A, Sánchez-Sixto, A, Muñoz-López, A, Sañudo, B, Corral-Pér... more Costilla, M, Casals, C, Marín-Galindo, A, Sánchez-Sixto, A, Muñoz-López, A, Sañudo, B, Corral-Pérez, J, and Ponce-González, JG. Changes in muscle deoxygenation during squat exercise after 6-week resistance training with different percentages of velocity loss. J Strength Cond Res 37(8): 1573–1580, 2023—The present study compared, for the first time, the effects of 6 weeks of 20% (20VL) vs. 40% (40VL) velocity loss (VL) resistance training (RT) programs on muscle oxygen dynamics during the squat exercise. Twenty-three young men (21.4 ± 2.4 years) were randomly allocated into the 20VL group (n = 8), 40VL group (n = 7), or control group (CG; n = 8). The RT program consisted of 3 sets of Smith machine back squat exercise at 20VL or 40VL with a 3-minute rest between sets, twice per week for 6 weeks. Tissue oxygenation index (TOI) was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy in the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis during a squat test (8-repetition 1 m·s−1 load test), and the maximum (...

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of ACE Gene I/D Polymorphism on Cardiometabolic Risk, Maximal Fat Oxidation, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Diet and Physical Activity in Young Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021

There is controversy about the relationship between ACE I/D polymorphism and health. Seventy-four... more There is controversy about the relationship between ACE I/D polymorphism and health. Seventy-four healthy adults (n = 28 women; 22.5 ± 4.2 years) participated in this cross-sectional study aimed at determining the influence of ACE I/D polymorphism, ascertained by polymerase chain reaction, on cardiometabolic risk (i.e., waist circumference, body fat, blood pressure (BP), glucose, triglycerides, and inflammatory markers), maximal fat oxidation (MFO), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake), physical activity and diet. Our results showed differences by ACE I/D polymorphism in systolic BP (DD: 116.4 ± 11.8 mmHg; ID: 116.7 ± 6.3 mmHg; II: 109.4 ± 12.3 mmHg, p = 0.035) and body fat (DD: 27.3 ± 10.8%; ID: 22.6 ± 9.7%; II: 19.3 ± 7.1%, p = 0.030). Interestingly, a genotype*sex interaction in relativized MFO by lean mass (p = 0.048) was found. The DD polymorphism had higher MFO values than ID/II polymorphisms in men (8.4 ± 3.0 vs. 6.5 ± 2.9 mg/kg/min), while the ID/II polymorphism...

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of an intermittent and localized cooling intervention on skin temperature, sleep quality and energy expenditure in free-living, young, healthy adults

Journal of thermal biology, 2021

Where people live and work together it is not always possible to modify the ambient temperature; ... more Where people live and work together it is not always possible to modify the ambient temperature; ways must therefore be found that allow individuals to feel thermally comfortable in such settings. The Embr Wave® is a wrist-worn device marketed as a 'personal thermostat' that can apply a local cooling stimulus to the skin. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of an intermittent mild cold stimulus of 25 °C for 15-20 s every 5 min over 3.5 days under free-living conditions on 1) skin temperature, 2) perception of skin temperature, 3) sleep quality and 4) resting energy expenditure (REE) in young, healthy adults. Ten subjects wore the device for 3.5 consecutive days. This intervention reduced distal skin temperature after correcting for personal ambient temperature (P < 0.05), but did not affect the subjects' the perception of skin temperature, sleep quality or REE (all P ≥ 0.051). Thus, this intermittent mild cold regime can reduce distal skin tempera...

Research paper thumbnail of Concurrent validity of supraclavicular skin temperature measured with iButtons and infrared thermography as a surrogate marker of brown adipose tissue

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity is commonly assessed with a positron emission tom... more Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity is commonly assessed with a positron emission tomography with computed tomography scan (PET/CT). This technique has several limitations and alternative techniques are needed. Supraclavicular skin temperature measured with iButtons and infrared thermography (IRT) has been proposed as an indirect marker of BAT activity. We studied the concurrent validity of skin temperature measured with iButtons vs. IRT and the association of supraclavicular skin temperature measured with iButtons and IRT with BAT. We measured skin temperature upon a shivering threshold test with iButtons and IRT in 6 different regions in 12 participants (n = 2 men). On a separate day, we determined supraclavicular skin temperature with an iButton and IRT after 2 h of a personalized cooling protocol. Thereafter, we quantified BAT volume and activity by PET/CT. We observed that the absolute differences between the devices were statistically different from 0 (all P < 0...

Research paper thumbnail of Infrared Thermography for Estimating Supraclavicular Skin Temperature and BAT Activity in Humans: A Systematic Review

Obesity, Nov 5, 2019

Objective: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic tissue with potential as a therapeutic tar... more Objective: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic tissue with potential as a therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders. The most used technique for quantifying human BAT activity is the measurement of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake via a positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan following exposure to cold. However, several studies have indicated the measurement of the supraclavicular skin temperature (SST) by infrared thermography (IRT) to be a less invasive alternative. This work reviews the state of the art of this latter method as a means of determining BAT activity in humans. Methods: The data sources for this review were PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost (SPORTdiscus), and eligible studies were those conducted in humans. Results: In most studies in which participants were first cooled, an increase in IRT-measured SST was noted. However, only 5 of 24 such studies also involved a nuclear technique that confirmed increased activity in BAT, and only 2 took into account the thickness of the fat layer when measuring SST by IRT. Conclusions: More work is needed to understand the involvement of tissues other than BAT in determining IRTmeasured SST; at present, IRT cannot determine whether any increase in SST is due to increased BAT activity.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Different Velocity Loss Thresholds on Passive Contractile Properties and Muscle Oxygenation in the Squat Exercise Using Free Weights

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

Research paper thumbnail of Risk and Protective Factors for Frailty in Pre-Frail and Frail Older Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Feb 10, 2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity, Inactivity, and Related Factors in Family Caregivers of Patients with Terminal Cancer

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Dec 22, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of Sex-Specific Relationships of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour with Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers in Young Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Jan 4, 2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)-gamma Coactivator (PGC)-1 alpha gene rs8192678 polymorphism by gender on different health-related parameters in healthy young adults

Frontiers in Physiology, Jul 22, 2022

This study aimed to analyze the influence of the peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor (PPAR)... more This study aimed to analyze the influence of the peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor (PPAR)-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1 alpha (PPARGC1A) gene rs8192678 C>T polymorphism on different health-related parameters in male and female young adults. The PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 polymorphism was ascertained by polymerase chain reaction in 74 healthy adults (28 women; 22.72 ± 4.40 years) from Andalusia (Spain). Health-related variables included cardiometabolic risk, anthropometry and body composition, biochemical parameters, insulin sensitivity (QUICKI and HOMA-IR indexes), blood pressure (BP) at rest and after exercise, diet, basal metabolism, physical activity, maximal fat oxidation, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Our results showed differences by PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 C>T polymorphism in body mass (p = 0.002), body mass index (p = 0.024), lean body mass (p = 0.024), body fat (p = 0.032), waist circumference (p = 0.020), and BP recovery ratio (p < 0.001). The recessive model (CC vs. CT/TT) showed similar results but also with differences in basal metabolism (p = 0.045) and total energy expenditure (p = 0.024). A genotype*sex interaction was found in the QUICKI index (p = 0.016), with differences between CC and CT/TT in men (p = 0.049) and between men and women inside the CT/TT group (p = 0.049). Thus, the

Research paper thumbnail of Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time are associated with maximal fat oxidation in young adults

European Journal of Sport Science, Aug 13, 2021

OBJECTIVES: To prospectively examine associations between accelerometer-measured physical activit... more OBJECTIVES: To prospectively examine associations between accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) and mortality in older women, with an emphasis on lightintensity PA. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with baseline data collection between March 2012 and April 2014. SETTING: Women's Health Initiative cohort in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling women aged 63 to 99 (N = 6,382). MEASUREMENTS: Minutes per day of usual PA measured using hip-worn triaxial accelerometers, physical functioning measured using the Short Physical Performance Battery, mortality follow-up for a mean 3.1 years through September 2016 (450 deaths). RESULTS: When adjusted for accelerometer wear time, age, race-ethnicity, education, smoking, alcohol, self-rated health, and comorbidities, relative risks (95% confidence intervals) for all-cause mortality across PA tertiles were 1.00 (referent), 0.86 (0.69, 1.08), 0.80 (0.62, 1.03) trend P = .07, for low light; 1.00, 0.57 (0.45, 0.71), 0.47 (0.35, 0.61) trend P < .001, for high light; and, 1.00, 0.63 (0.50, 0.79), 0.42 (0.30, 0.57) trend P < .001, for moderate-tovigorous PA (MVPA). Associations remained significant for high light-intensity PA and MVPA (P < .001) after further adjustment for physical function. Each 30-min/d increment in light-intensity (low and high combined) PA and MVPA was associated, on average, with multivariable relative risk reductions of 12% and 39%, respectively (P < .01). After further simultaneous adjusting for light intensity and MVPA, the inverse associations remained significant (light-intensity PA: RR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.89-0.97; MVPA: RR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.58-0.78). These relative risks did not differ between subgroups for age or race and ethnicity (interaction, P ≥ .14, all). CONCLUSION: When measured using accelerometers, light-intensity and MVPA are associated with lower mortality in older women. These findings suggest that replacing sedentary time with light-intensity PA is a public health strategy that could benefit an aging society and warrants further investigation. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of a 12-Week Concurrent Training Intervention on Cardiometabolic Health in Obese Men: A Pilot Study

Frontiers in Physiology, Feb 11, 2021

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week concurrent training intervention ... more The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week concurrent training intervention on cardiometabolic health in obese men. Twelve obese men (42.5 ± 5.3 years old) participated in the current 12−week randomized controlled trial with a parallel group design. The participants were randomly assigned to a concurrent training group or to a no-exercise control group. Anthropometry and body composition assessment were determined by electrical bio-impedance. Blood samples were obtained and a cardiometabolic risk Z-Score was calculated. Energy metabolismrelated parameters [i.e., resting metabolic rate (RMR), respiratory quotient (RQ), and substrate oxidation in both resting conditions and during exercise] were determined by indirect calorimetry. Echocardiographic studies were performed using an ultrasound system equipped with a transducer to measure cardiac function. A significant decrease of weight (= −4.21 kg; i.e., primary outcome), body mass index (= −1.32 kg/m 2), fat mass (FM; = −3.27 kg), blood pressure (BP; = −10.81 mmHg), and cardiometabolic risk Z-Score (= −0.39) was observed in the exercise group compared with the control group (all P < 0.05), while no significant changes were noted in waist circumference (WC), lean mass (LM), bone mineral content, glycemic and lipid profiles, liver function, nor in energy metabolism-related parameters (all P > 0.1). Moreover, a significant increment of left ventricular (LV) end diastolic diameter (= −4.35 mm) was observed in the exercise group compared with the control group (P = 0.02). A 12-week concurrent training intervention is an effective strategy to induce weight and fat loss with simultaneous reductions of BP and cardiometabolic risk, and improving cardiac function in obese men.

Research paper thumbnail of Self-reported And Device Measures To Evaluate Commuting-related Physical Activity In College Students: The Ucactive Study

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

Research paper thumbnail of Antioxidants Markers of Professional Soccer Players During the Season and their Relationship with Competitive Performance

Journal of Human Kinetics, 2021

The aim of this study was to assess antioxidant markers before and after a mid-season of professi... more The aim of this study was to assess antioxidant markers before and after a mid-season of professional soccer players from the 3rd Spanish Division, and to correlate antioxidant markers with competitive performance. Sixty-five male players (age = 25.3 ± 4.2 yr, body mass = 73.2 ± 6.7 kg, body height = 177.8 ± 5.7 cm) from three soccer clubs from Cádiz (Spain) participated in the study. Body composition, maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max), and baseline antioxidant blood markers (Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and Reduced glutathione/Oxidized glutathione ratio) were assessed in the first week of the championship season (pre-test) and after 18 weeks in the mid-season (post-test). Soccer performance was registered according to the official classification ranking at both the mid-season and at the end of the season; ranking positions for Team A were 2nd and 1st, for Team B were 5th and 5th, while for Team C were 12th and 14th, respectively. Regression analyses showed that TAS and VO2max wer...

Research paper thumbnail of Breaking-up sedentary time can regulate maximal fat oxidation capacity during exercise

Clinical Nutrition, 2018

Rationale: Sedentary behaviour has been associated with mortality, cardiovascular disease and obe... more Rationale: Sedentary behaviour has been associated with mortality, cardiovascular disease and obesity. It has been suggested that individuals who break up sedentary time more frequently have a more favorable cardiometabolic risk profile, than those who habitually engage in prolonged periods of uninterrupted sedentary time, independent of total time spent sedentary. Hence, the main aim of this study was to determine the effects of breaks in sedentary time on fat oxidation capacity. Methods: 76 volunteers (30 women) aged 22.56 ± 4.10 years were involved. An incremental exercise protocol with two consecutive phases on a cycle ergometer was performed. The first phase aimed to determine the highest rate of fat oxidation (MFO) and the intensity that elicits MFO (Fatmax) using a validated protocol, and stopped when RER 1. The second phase was initiated to detect the VO 2max increasing load every minute from Fatmax until exhaustion. Frequency of breaks in sedentary time (BST) and the amount of time expended in each BST (LengthBST) were assessed using accelerometers on the lower back of participants for 7 consecutive days prior to MFO test. Participants were stratified in four groups, low BST (BST1), high BST (BST2), low (LengthBST) (L1) and high (LengthBST) (L2). All data were analysed with one way-analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Bonferroni post hoc correction. Results: MFO relative to fat-free mass (FFM) was 6.89 ± 2.73 mg/kgFFM/ min. ANOVA analysis showed higher values of MFO in L2 compared to L1 (7.64 ± 2.75 and 6.12 ± 2.51 mg/kgFFM/min)(p < 0.01). In addition, analyses showed a higher value of MFO for BST1 than BST2 (7.24 ± 0.41 and 6.56 ± 0.41 mg/kgFFM/min), without significance(p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that the LengthBST could have more effect on fat oxidation than the number of BST. Increasing the LengthBST could be an efficient tool to fight against obesity. Disclosure of interest: None declared.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of FTO rs9939609 SNP and cardiorespiratory fitness on maximal fat oxidation

Research paper thumbnail of Capacidad aeróbica, dieta mediterránea y riesgo cardiometabólico en adultos

Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición, 2019

Resumen Introduccion Un estilo de vida poco activo y una dieta inadecuada podrian influir en el d... more Resumen Introduccion Un estilo de vida poco activo y una dieta inadecuada podrian influir en el desarrollo de futuras enfermedades cardiometabolicas. El objetivo principal fue determinar la asociacion entre capacidad aerobica y factores de riesgo cardiometabolicos y si dicha posible asociacion es independiente de la dieta mediterranea (DM). A su vez, se plantea como objetivo secundario estudiar el efecto combinado de la capacidad aerobica y la adherencia a la DM sobre el indice de riesgo cardiometabolico global (IRCM) en adultos. Metodos Se evaluo a 79 adultos (38% mujeres) entre 18 y 40 anos en Cadiz. Se midieron indicadores de adiposidad, presion arterial, trigliceridos, glucosa y perfil inflamatorio (interleucina-6 y factor de necrosis tumoral) y se desarrollo un IRCM. Se midio la capacidad aerobica mediante el consumo maximo de oxigeno a traves de una prueba de esfuerzo incremental en cicloergometro. La adherencia a la DM se evaluo mediante cuestionario. Se utilizo un modelo de regresion lineal para estudiar la asociacion entre capacidad aerobica y factores de riesgo cardiometabolicos con diferentes modelos de ajuste. Se analizo el efecto combinado de la capacidad aerobica y la adherencia a la DM sobre el IRCM mediante el test de ANOVA, con nivel de significacion de p Resultados Se observo asociacion negativa entre la capacidad aerobica y los factores de riesgo cardiometabolicos (todas p ≤ 0,05) en el modelo sin ajustar. La presion arterial y los trigliceridos perdieron la asociacion tras ajustar el modelo por sexo, edad y adherencia a la DM. Los participantes con alta capacidad aerobica y alta adherencia a la DM mostraron un menor IRCM (−1,083 ± 2,325 vs. 2,802 ± 1,759). Conclusiones La capacidad aerobica se asocia de forma inversa con factores de riesgo cardiometabolicos relacionados con la adiposidad, independientemente de la adherencia a la DM. Una alta adherencia a la DM podria influir en la modulacion de la presion arterial. Una alta capacidad aerobica podria reducir las consecuencias adversas de una baja adherencia a la DM.

Research paper thumbnail of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1-Α) rs8192678 polymorphism does not affect fat oxidation in young adults

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of Gender on Plasma Leptin Levels, Fat Oxidation, and Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults: The Mediating Role of Fitness and Fatness

Nutrients

It is unknown how plasma leptin affects fat oxidation depending on sex in young adults. Therefore... more It is unknown how plasma leptin affects fat oxidation depending on sex in young adults. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations of plasma leptin with resting fat oxidation (RFO), maximal fat oxidation during exercise (MFO), and insulin sensitivity, considering the different responses in men and women, and the mediating role of fatness and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Sixty-five young adults (22.5 ± 4.3 years; body mass index = 25.2 ± 4.7 kg·m−2, 23 females) participated in this study. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and leptin were analyzed. Variables related to insulin resistance (HOMA1-IR, HOMA2-IR), secretion (HOMA-%β), and sensitivity (HOMA-%S, QUICKI) were computed. RFO and MFO were determined through indirect calorimetry. A peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) test was performed until exhaustion after the MFO test. The MFO was relativized to body mass (MFO-BM) and the legs’ lean mass divided by the height squared (MFO-LI). In men, leptin was...

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of the FTO Gene Variation on Appetite and Fat Oxidation in Young Adults

Nutrients

The FTO rs9939609 gene, which presents three polymorphisms (AA, AT, and TT), has been associated ... more The FTO rs9939609 gene, which presents three polymorphisms (AA, AT, and TT), has been associated with the development of obesity through an increased fat accumulation; however, the associations of the gene with other physiological mechanisms, such as appetite or fat oxidation, are still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the influence of the FTO rs9939609 gene on different obesity-related factors in young adults. The FTO rs9939609 polymorphism was genotyped in 73 participants (28 women, 22.27 ± 3.70 years). Obesity-related factors included dietary assessment, physical activity expenditure, body composition, appetite sensation, resting metabolic rate, maximal fat oxidation during exercise (MFO), and cardiorespiratory fitness. Our results showed that TT allele participants expressed higher values of hunger (p = 0.049) and appetite (p = 0.043) after exercising compared to the AT allele group. Moreover, the TT allele group showed significantly higher values of MFO (p = 0.03...

Research paper thumbnail of Changes in Muscle Deoxygenation During Squat Exercise After 6-Week Resistance Training With Different Percentages of Velocity Loss

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

Costilla, M, Casals, C, Marín-Galindo, A, Sánchez-Sixto, A, Muñoz-López, A, Sañudo, B, Corral-Pér... more Costilla, M, Casals, C, Marín-Galindo, A, Sánchez-Sixto, A, Muñoz-López, A, Sañudo, B, Corral-Pérez, J, and Ponce-González, JG. Changes in muscle deoxygenation during squat exercise after 6-week resistance training with different percentages of velocity loss. J Strength Cond Res 37(8): 1573–1580, 2023—The present study compared, for the first time, the effects of 6 weeks of 20% (20VL) vs. 40% (40VL) velocity loss (VL) resistance training (RT) programs on muscle oxygen dynamics during the squat exercise. Twenty-three young men (21.4 ± 2.4 years) were randomly allocated into the 20VL group (n = 8), 40VL group (n = 7), or control group (CG; n = 8). The RT program consisted of 3 sets of Smith machine back squat exercise at 20VL or 40VL with a 3-minute rest between sets, twice per week for 6 weeks. Tissue oxygenation index (TOI) was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy in the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis during a squat test (8-repetition 1 m·s−1 load test), and the maximum (...

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of ACE Gene I/D Polymorphism on Cardiometabolic Risk, Maximal Fat Oxidation, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Diet and Physical Activity in Young Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021

There is controversy about the relationship between ACE I/D polymorphism and health. Seventy-four... more There is controversy about the relationship between ACE I/D polymorphism and health. Seventy-four healthy adults (n = 28 women; 22.5 ± 4.2 years) participated in this cross-sectional study aimed at determining the influence of ACE I/D polymorphism, ascertained by polymerase chain reaction, on cardiometabolic risk (i.e., waist circumference, body fat, blood pressure (BP), glucose, triglycerides, and inflammatory markers), maximal fat oxidation (MFO), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake), physical activity and diet. Our results showed differences by ACE I/D polymorphism in systolic BP (DD: 116.4 ± 11.8 mmHg; ID: 116.7 ± 6.3 mmHg; II: 109.4 ± 12.3 mmHg, p = 0.035) and body fat (DD: 27.3 ± 10.8%; ID: 22.6 ± 9.7%; II: 19.3 ± 7.1%, p = 0.030). Interestingly, a genotype*sex interaction in relativized MFO by lean mass (p = 0.048) was found. The DD polymorphism had higher MFO values than ID/II polymorphisms in men (8.4 ± 3.0 vs. 6.5 ± 2.9 mg/kg/min), while the ID/II polymorphism...

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of an intermittent and localized cooling intervention on skin temperature, sleep quality and energy expenditure in free-living, young, healthy adults

Journal of thermal biology, 2021

Where people live and work together it is not always possible to modify the ambient temperature; ... more Where people live and work together it is not always possible to modify the ambient temperature; ways must therefore be found that allow individuals to feel thermally comfortable in such settings. The Embr Wave® is a wrist-worn device marketed as a 'personal thermostat' that can apply a local cooling stimulus to the skin. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of an intermittent mild cold stimulus of 25 °C for 15-20 s every 5 min over 3.5 days under free-living conditions on 1) skin temperature, 2) perception of skin temperature, 3) sleep quality and 4) resting energy expenditure (REE) in young, healthy adults. Ten subjects wore the device for 3.5 consecutive days. This intervention reduced distal skin temperature after correcting for personal ambient temperature (P < 0.05), but did not affect the subjects' the perception of skin temperature, sleep quality or REE (all P ≥ 0.051). Thus, this intermittent mild cold regime can reduce distal skin tempera...

Research paper thumbnail of Concurrent validity of supraclavicular skin temperature measured with iButtons and infrared thermography as a surrogate marker of brown adipose tissue

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity is commonly assessed with a positron emission tom... more Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity is commonly assessed with a positron emission tomography with computed tomography scan (PET/CT). This technique has several limitations and alternative techniques are needed. Supraclavicular skin temperature measured with iButtons and infrared thermography (IRT) has been proposed as an indirect marker of BAT activity. We studied the concurrent validity of skin temperature measured with iButtons vs. IRT and the association of supraclavicular skin temperature measured with iButtons and IRT with BAT. We measured skin temperature upon a shivering threshold test with iButtons and IRT in 6 different regions in 12 participants (n = 2 men). On a separate day, we determined supraclavicular skin temperature with an iButton and IRT after 2 h of a personalized cooling protocol. Thereafter, we quantified BAT volume and activity by PET/CT. We observed that the absolute differences between the devices were statistically different from 0 (all P < 0...

Research paper thumbnail of Infrared Thermography for Estimating Supraclavicular Skin Temperature and BAT Activity in Humans: A Systematic Review

Obesity, Nov 5, 2019

Objective: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic tissue with potential as a therapeutic tar... more Objective: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic tissue with potential as a therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders. The most used technique for quantifying human BAT activity is the measurement of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake via a positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan following exposure to cold. However, several studies have indicated the measurement of the supraclavicular skin temperature (SST) by infrared thermography (IRT) to be a less invasive alternative. This work reviews the state of the art of this latter method as a means of determining BAT activity in humans. Methods: The data sources for this review were PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost (SPORTdiscus), and eligible studies were those conducted in humans. Results: In most studies in which participants were first cooled, an increase in IRT-measured SST was noted. However, only 5 of 24 such studies also involved a nuclear technique that confirmed increased activity in BAT, and only 2 took into account the thickness of the fat layer when measuring SST by IRT. Conclusions: More work is needed to understand the involvement of tissues other than BAT in determining IRTmeasured SST; at present, IRT cannot determine whether any increase in SST is due to increased BAT activity.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Different Velocity Loss Thresholds on Passive Contractile Properties and Muscle Oxygenation in the Squat Exercise Using Free Weights

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research