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TY - CHAP AU - Nejad, Bobby A2 - Nejad, Bobby PY - 2023 DA - 2023// TI - The Physical Architecture BT - Introduction to Satellite Ground Segment Systems Engineering: Principles and Operational Aspects SP - 187 EP - 197 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham AB - This chapter focuses on the implementation of the ground segment infrastructure in terms of computer hardware (servers and workstations), its accommodation into racks, the proper placement of racks in dedicated server rooms, the layout and use of control rooms, and the physical network connections. The client server architecture is described as a basic concept to separate the user interface operated on a smaller client computer from the main application running on a more performant server. The latter one can be mounted inside a rack and placed in dedicated server room together with other racks. The chain separation concept is described in more detail, as it is a typical ground segment architecture with the main benefit to provide operators an isolated environment for the validation of products and training of staff, without joepardising real flight operations. A basic description of a server room layout is provided and the need for adequate temperature regulation emphasised. Some recommendations for rack row arrangements are provided which can reduce the risk of thermal overheating. Generic aspects of racks, false floors and cabling are described. Finally, some considerations and guidelines for the planning and safe execution of large scale ground segment upgrades or even replacements are outlined, which is referred to as system migrations. SN - 978-3-031-15900-8 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15900-8\_13 DO - 10.1007/978-3-031-15900-8_13 ID - Nejad2023 ER -