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TY - JOUR AU - Fejes-Toth, Katalin AU - Sotirova, Vihra AU - Sachidanandam, Ravi AU - Assaf, Gordon AU - Hannon, Gregory J. AU - Kapranov, Philipp AU - Foissac, Sylvain AU - Willingham, Aarron T. AU - Duttagupta, Radha AU - Dumais, Erica AU - Gingeras, Thomas R. AU - Affymetrix/Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory ENCODE Transcriptome Project AU - Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory AU - Affymetrix PY - 2009 DA - 2009/02/01 TI - Post-transcriptional processing generates a diversity of 5′-modified long and short RNAs JO - Nature SP - 1028 EP - 1032 VL - 457 IS - 7232 AB - The transcriptomes of eukaryotic cells are unexpectedly complex, with virtually the entire non-repeat portions of many genomes being transcribed. This paper from the Affymetrix/Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory ENCODE Transcriptome Project reports a deep sequencing study revealing that a remarkable breadth of RNA species is produced both from within annotated genes and from unannotated intergenic regions in human cells. Importantly, many of these small RNAs possess cap structures and appear to be processed from mature mRNAs resulting in populations of long and short RNAs with capped 5 ends that coincide. Transfecting synthetic PASRs (promoter-associated short RNAs) corresponding to the c-MYC transcriptional start site reduced MYC mRNA abundance, demonstrating a biological impact for at least one class of these small RNAs. SN - 1476-4687 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07759 DO - 10.1038/nature07759 ID - Fejes-Toth2009 ER -