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TY - JOUR AU - Perea, Gertrudis AU - Yang, Aimei AU - Boyden, Edward S. AU - Sur, Mriganka PY - 2014 DA - 2014/02/06 TI - Optogenetic astrocyte activation modulates response selectivity of visual cortex neurons in vivo JO - Nature Communications SP - 3262 VL - 5 IS - 1 AB - Astrocytes play important roles in synaptic transmission and plasticity. Despite in vitro evidence, their causal contribution to cortical network activity and sensory information processing in vivo remains unresolved. Here we report that selective photostimulation of astrocytes with channelrhodopsin-2 in primary visual cortex enhances both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission, through the activation of type 1a metabotropic glutamate receptors. Photostimulation of astrocytes in vivo increases the spontaneous firing of parvalbumin-positive (PV+) inhibitory neurons, while excitatory and somatostatin-positive (SOM+) neurons show either an increase or decrease in their activity. Moreover, PV+ neurons show increased baseline visual responses and reduced orientation selectivity to visual stimuli, whereas excitatory and SOM+ neurons show either increased or decreased baseline visual responses together with complementary changes in orientation selectivity. Therefore, astrocyte activation, through the dual control of excitatory and inhibitory drive, influences neuronal integrative features critical for sensory information processing. SN - 2041-1723 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4262 DO - 10.1038/ncomms4262 ID - Perea2014 ER -