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TY - JOUR AU - Laouar, Yasmina AU - Sutterwala, Fayyaz S AU - Gorelik, Leonid AU - Flavell, Richard A PY - 2005 DA - 2005/06/01 TI - Transforming growth factor-β controls T helper type 1 cell development through regulation of natural killer cell interferon-γ JO - Nature Immunology SP - 600 EP - 607 VL - 6 IS - 6 AB - Interferon-γ and interleukin 12 produced by the innate arm of the immune system are important regulators of T helper type 1 (TH1) cell development, but signals that negatively regulate their expression remain controversial. Here we show that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) controlled TH1 differentiation through the regulation of interferon-γ produced by natural killer (NK) cells. Blockade of TGF-β signaling in NK cells caused the accumulation of a large pool of NK cells secreting copious interferon-γ, responsible for TH1 differentiation and protection from leishmania infection. In contrast, blockade of TGF-β signaling in dendritic cells did not affect dendritic cell homeostasis or interleukin 12 production, thus indicating a previously undescribed demarcation of the function of TGF-β in NK cells versus dendritic cells. SN - 1529-2916 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1197 DO - 10.1038/ni1197 ID - Laouar2005 ER -