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TY - JOUR AU - van der Hoek, Lia AU - Pyrc, Krzysztof AU - Jebbink, Maarten F AU - Vermeulen-Oost, Wilma AU - Berkhout, Ron J M AU - Wolthers, Katja C AU - Wertheim-van Dillen, Pauline M E AU - Kaandorp, Jos AU - Spaargaren, Joke AU - Berkhout, Ben PY - 2004 DA - 2004/04/01 TI - Identification of a new human coronavirus JO - Nature Medicine SP - 368 EP - 373 VL - 10 IS - 4 AB - Three human coronaviruses are known to exist: human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), HCoV-OC43 and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Here we report the identification of a fourth human coronavirus, HCoV-NL63, using a new method of virus discovery. The virus was isolated from a 7-month-old child suffering from bronchiolitis and conjunctivitis. The complete genome sequence indicates that this virus is not a recombinant, but rather a new group 1 coronavirus. The in vitro host cell range of HCoV-NL63 is notable because it replicates on tertiary monkey kidney cells and the monkey kidney LLC-MK2 cell line. The viral genome contains distinctive features, including a unique N-terminal fragment within the spike protein. Screening of clinical specimens from individuals suffering from respiratory illness identified seven additional HCoV-NL63-infected individuals, indicating that the virus was widely spread within the human population. SN - 1546-170X UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1024 DO - 10.1038/nm1024 ID - van der Hoek2004 ER -