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TY - JOUR AU - Paleari, Chiara I. AU - Mekhaldi, Florian AU - Adolphi, Florian AU - Christl, Marcus AU - Vockenhuber, Christof AU - Gautschi, Philip AU - Beer, Jürg AU - Brehm, Nicolas AU - Erhardt, Tobias AU - Synal, Hans-Arno AU - Wacker, Lukas AU - Wilhelms, Frank AU - Muscheler, Raimund PY - 2022 DA - 2022/01/11 TI - Cosmogenic radionuclides reveal an extreme solar particle storm near a solar minimum 9125 years BP JO - Nature Communications SP - 214 VL - 13 IS - 1 AB - During solar storms, the Sun expels large amounts of energetic particles (SEP) that can react with the Earth’s atmospheric constituents and produce cosmogenic radionuclides such as 14C, 10Be and 36Cl. Here we present 10Be and 36Cl data measured in ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica. The data consistently show one of the largest 10Be and 36Cl production peaks detected so far, most likely produced by an extreme SEP event that hit Earth 9125 years BP (before present, i.e., before 1950 CE), i.e., 7176 BCE. Using the 36Cl/10Be ratio, we demonstrate that this event was characterized by a very hard energy spectrum and was possibly up to two orders of magnitude larger than any SEP event during the instrumental period. Furthermore, we provide 10Be-based evidence that, contrary to expectations, the SEP event occurred near a solar minimum. SN - 2041-1723 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27891-4 DO - 10.1038/s41467-021-27891-4 ID - Paleari2022 ER -