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TY - JOUR AU - Wang, Chun-Chieh AU - Song, Yen-Fang AU - Song, Sheng-Rong AU - Ji, Qiang AU - Chiang, Cheng-Cheng AU - Meng, Qingjin AU - Li, Haibing AU - Hsiao, Kiko AU - Lu, Yi-Chia AU - Shew, Bor-Yuan AU - Huang, Timothy AU - Reisz, Robert R. PY - 2015 DA - 2015/10/29 TI - Evolution and Function of Dinosaur Teeth at Ultramicrostructural Level Revealed Using Synchrotron Transmission X-ray Microscopy JO - Scientific Reports SP - 15202 VL - 5 IS - 1 AB - The relationship between tooth form and dietary preference is a crucial issue in vertebrate evolution. However, the mechanical properties of a tooth are influenced not only by its shape but also by its internal structure. Here, we use synchrotron transmission X-ray microscopy to examine the internal microstructures of multiple dinosaur teeth within a phylogenetic framework. We found that the internal microstructures of saurischian teeth are very different from advanced ornithischian teeth, reflecting differences in dental developmental strategies. The three-tissue composition (enamel–mantle dentin–bulk dentin) near the dentinoenamel junction (DEJ) in saurischian teeth represents the primitive condition of dinosaur teeth. Mantle dentin, greatly reduced or absent from DEJ in derived ornithischian teeth, is a key difference between Saurischia and Ornithischia. This may be related to the derived herbivorous feeding behavior of ornithischians, but interestingly, it is still retained in the herbivorous saurischian sauropods. The protective functions of mantle dentin with porous microstructures between enamel and bulk dentin inside typical saurischian teeth are also discussed using finite-element analysis method. Evolution of the dental modifications in ornithischian dinosaurs, with the absence of mantle dentin, may be related to changes in enamel characteristics with enamel spindles extending through the DEJ. SN - 2045-2322 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15202 DO - 10.1038/srep15202 ID - Wang2015 ER -