Irene Scopelliti | City, University of London (original) (raw)
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Papers by Irene Scopelliti
Psychology & Marketing, 2014
This research investigates the effects of visual and conceptual complexity on brand logo evaluati... more This research investigates the effects of visual and conceptual complexity on brand logo evaluations at single and multiple exposures. Building upon the theoretical distinction between visual and conceptual constructs and on a processing fluency account it is proposed that the effects of visual complexity and conceptual complexity on attitude toward the logo change across exposures following opposite patterns, and are driven by the mechanisms of perceptual fluency and conceptual fluency, respectively. The results of a hybrid experimental study suggest that the initially positive effect of visual complexity on attitude toward the logo becomes negative with multiple exposures, whereas the initially negative effect of conceptual complexity on attitude toward the logo becomes positive as exposures increase. The findings contribute to research on consumer reactions to the visual elements of brands, and offer guidelines to brand managers and logo designers for leveraging on visual and conceptual complexity, as well as the number of exposures, in order to raise the attractiveness of logos.
Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2013
This article investigates the effects of financial constraints on the outcome of different types ... more This article investigates the effects of financial constraints on the outcome of different types of creative tasks such as product ideation and product repair. Four experimental studies examine the effect of financial constraints on creativity of the outcome of a product ideation task, and compare the effect of financial constraints with the effect of another type of constraint (i.e., input restrictions) on creativity of products ideated and on the amount of resources invested in the development of the creative solution. Furthermore, these studies explore the type of creative process ignited by financial constraints and analyze the effect of financial constraints in interaction with an individual difference such as novelty seeking, which embraces more remote determinants of creative performance, on the creativity of the outcomes to a product ideation task, as well as on the creativity of the outcomes to a more constrained task such as repairing an existing product.
From failures of intelligence analysis to misguided beliefs about vaccinations, biased judgment a... more From failures of intelligence analysis to misguided beliefs about vaccinations, biased judgment and decision making contributes
to problems in policy, business, medicine, law, education, and private life. Early attempts to reduce decision biases with
training met with little success, leading scientists and policy makers to focus on debiasing by using incentives and changes
in the presentation and elicitation of decisions. We report the results of two longitudinal experiments that found medium
to large effects of one-shot debiasing training interventions. Participants received a single training intervention, played a
computer game or watched an instructional video, which addressed biases critical to intelligence analysis (in Experiment 1:
bias blind spot, confirmation bias, and fundamental attribution error; in Experiment 2: anchoring, representativeness, and
social projection). Both kinds of interventions produced medium to large debiasing effects immediately (games ≥ −31.94% and videos ≥ −18.60%) that persisted at least 2 months later (games ≥ −23.57% and videos ≥ −19.20%). Games that provided personalized feedback and practice produced larger effects than did videos. Debiasing effects were domain general: bias reduction occurred across problems in different contexts, and problem formats that were taught and not taught in the
interventions. The results suggest that a single training intervention can improve decision making. We suggest its use alongside improved incentives, information presentation, and nudges to reduce costly errors associated with biased judgments and decisions.
People exhibit a bias blind spot: they are less likely to detect bias in themselves than in other... more People exhibit a bias blind spot: they are less likely to detect bias in themselves than in others. We report the development and validation of an instrument to measure individual differences in the propensity to exhibit the bias blind spot that is unidimensional, internally consistent, has high test-retest reliability, and is discriminated from measures of intelligence, decision-making ability, and personality traits related to self-esteem, self-enhancement, and self-presentation. The scale is predictive of the extent to which people judge their abilities
to be better than average for easy tasks and worse than average for difficult tasks, ignore the advice of others, and are responsive to an intervention designed to mitigate a different judgmental bias. These results suggest that the bias blind spot is a distinct metabias resulting from naïve realism rather than other forms of egocentric cognition, and has unique effects on judgment and behavior.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
Psychology & Marketing, 2014
This research investigates the effects of visual and conceptual complexity on brand logo evaluati... more This research investigates the effects of visual and conceptual complexity on brand logo evaluations at single and multiple exposures. Building upon the theoretical distinction between visual and conceptual constructs and on a processing fluency account it is proposed that the effects of visual complexity and conceptual complexity on attitude toward the logo change across exposures following opposite patterns, and are driven by the mechanisms of perceptual fluency and conceptual fluency, respectively. The results of a hybrid experimental study suggest that the initially positive effect of visual complexity on attitude toward the logo becomes negative with multiple exposures, whereas the initially negative effect of conceptual complexity on attitude toward the logo becomes positive as exposures increase. The findings contribute to research on consumer reactions to the visual elements of brands, and offer guidelines to brand managers and logo designers for leveraging on visual and conceptual complexity, as well as the number of exposures, in order to raise the attractiveness of logos.
Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2013
This article investigates the effects of financial constraints on the outcome of different types ... more This article investigates the effects of financial constraints on the outcome of different types of creative tasks such as product ideation and product repair. Four experimental studies examine the effect of financial constraints on creativity of the outcome of a product ideation task, and compare the effect of financial constraints with the effect of another type of constraint (i.e., input restrictions) on creativity of products ideated and on the amount of resources invested in the development of the creative solution. Furthermore, these studies explore the type of creative process ignited by financial constraints and analyze the effect of financial constraints in interaction with an individual difference such as novelty seeking, which embraces more remote determinants of creative performance, on the creativity of the outcomes to a product ideation task, as well as on the creativity of the outcomes to a more constrained task such as repairing an existing product.
From failures of intelligence analysis to misguided beliefs about vaccinations, biased judgment a... more From failures of intelligence analysis to misguided beliefs about vaccinations, biased judgment and decision making contributes
to problems in policy, business, medicine, law, education, and private life. Early attempts to reduce decision biases with
training met with little success, leading scientists and policy makers to focus on debiasing by using incentives and changes
in the presentation and elicitation of decisions. We report the results of two longitudinal experiments that found medium
to large effects of one-shot debiasing training interventions. Participants received a single training intervention, played a
computer game or watched an instructional video, which addressed biases critical to intelligence analysis (in Experiment 1:
bias blind spot, confirmation bias, and fundamental attribution error; in Experiment 2: anchoring, representativeness, and
social projection). Both kinds of interventions produced medium to large debiasing effects immediately (games ≥ −31.94% and videos ≥ −18.60%) that persisted at least 2 months later (games ≥ −23.57% and videos ≥ −19.20%). Games that provided personalized feedback and practice produced larger effects than did videos. Debiasing effects were domain general: bias reduction occurred across problems in different contexts, and problem formats that were taught and not taught in the
interventions. The results suggest that a single training intervention can improve decision making. We suggest its use alongside improved incentives, information presentation, and nudges to reduce costly errors associated with biased judgments and decisions.
People exhibit a bias blind spot: they are less likely to detect bias in themselves than in other... more People exhibit a bias blind spot: they are less likely to detect bias in themselves than in others. We report the development and validation of an instrument to measure individual differences in the propensity to exhibit the bias blind spot that is unidimensional, internally consistent, has high test-retest reliability, and is discriminated from measures of intelligence, decision-making ability, and personality traits related to self-esteem, self-enhancement, and self-presentation. The scale is predictive of the extent to which people judge their abilities
to be better than average for easy tasks and worse than average for difficult tasks, ignore the advice of others, and are responsive to an intervention designed to mitigate a different judgmental bias. These results suggest that the bias blind spot is a distinct metabias resulting from naïve realism rather than other forms of egocentric cognition, and has unique effects on judgment and behavior.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000