vikas yadav | City, University of London (original) (raw)

Papers by vikas yadav

Sleep and wakefulness are instinctive behaviours that are present across the animal species. Rapi... more Sleep and wakefulness are instinctive behaviours that are present across the animal species. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a unique biological phenomenon expressed during sleep. It evolved about 300 million years ago and is noticed in the more evolved animal species. Although it has been objectively identified in its present characteristic form about half a century ago, the mechanics of how REM is generated, and what happens upon its loss are not known. Nevertheless, extensive research has shown that norepinephrine plays a crucial role in its regulation. The present knowledge that has been reviewed in this manuscript suggests that neurons in the brain stem are responsible for controlling this state and presence of excess norepinephrine in the brain does not allow its generation. Furthermore, REM sleep loss increases levels of norepinephrine in the brain that affects several factors including an increase in Na-K ATPase activity. It has been argued that such increased norepinephrine is ultimately responsible for REM sleep deprivation, associated disturbances in at least some of the physiological conditions leading to alteration in behavioural expression and settling into pathological conditions.

Veterinary Microbiology, 2011

This study reports the first conclusive evidence of zoonotic camelpox virus (CMLV) infection in h... more This study reports the first conclusive evidence of zoonotic camelpox virus (CMLV) infection in humans associated with outbreaks in dromedarian camels (Camelus dromedaries) in northwest region of India during 2009. CMLV infection is usually restricted to camels and causes localised skin lesions but occasionally leads to generalised form of disease. However, the present outbreak involved camel handlers and attendants with clinical manifestations such as papules, vesicles, ulceration and finally scabs over fingers and hands. In camels, the pock-like lesions were distributed over the hairless parts of the body. On the basis of clinical and epidemiological features coupled with serological tests and molecular characterization of the causative agent, CMLV zoonosis was confirmed in three human cases. Clinical samples such as skin scabs/swabs and blood collected from affected animals and humans were analysed initially, for the presence of CMLV-specific antigen and antibodies by counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE); serum neutralization test (SNT); plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and indirect immunoperoxidase test which was later confirmed by amplification of CMLV-specific ankyrin repeat protein (C18L) gene. Virus isolation was successful only from samples collected from camels. Further, sequence analyses based on three full-length envelope protein genes (A27L, H3L and D8L) revealed 95.2-99.8% and 93.1-99.3% homology with other Orthopoxviruses at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. Phylogram of the three genes revealed a close relationship of CMLV with Variola virus (VARV). Considering the emerging and re-emerging nature of the virus, its genetic relatedness to VARV, zoonotic potential and productivity losses in camels; the control measures are imperative in curtailing economic and public health impact of the disease. This is the first instance of laboratory confirmed camelpox zoonosis in India.

Journal of Biosciences, 2002

Sleep and wakefulness are instinctive behaviours that are present across the animal species. Rapi... more Sleep and wakefulness are instinctive behaviours that are present across the animal species. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a unique biological phenomenon expressed during sleep. It evolved about 300 million years ago and is noticed in the more evolved animal species. Although it has been objectively identified in its present characteristic form about half a century ago, the mechanics of how REM is generated, and what happens upon its loss are not known. Nevertheless, extensive research has shown that norepinephrine plays a crucial role in its regulation. The present knowledge that has been reviewed in this manuscript suggests that neurons in the brain stem are responsible for controlling this state and presence of excess norepinephrine in the brain does not allow its generation. Furthermore, REM sleep loss increases levels of norepinephrine in the brain that affects several factors including an increase in Na-K ATPase activity. It has been argued that such increased norepinephrine is ultimately responsible for REM sleep deprivation, associated disturbances in at least some of the physiological conditions leading to alteration in behavioural expression and settling into pathological conditions.

Joint Bone Spine, 2004

A rare case of a 54-year-old man with pycnodysostosis having subtrochanteric fracture of right fe... more A rare case of a 54-year-old man with pycnodysostosis having subtrochanteric fracture of right femur is being reported. This patient had this fracture after a trivial fall while walking. He had typical facial features, short stature, open fontenella, short stubby hands, high arched furrowed palate and radiological features including open cranial sutures, obtuse angle of mandible, dysplasia of lower end of radius and ulna, notching of lumbar vertebra and generalized skeletal sclerosis. The fracture was treated with an intramedullary nail; the surgery was quite a tedious procedure where we faced per-operative difficulty in reaming. The fracture united in 12 weeks. Extramedullary osteosynthesis might offer a better alternative in such patients as marrow is narrow but healing is normal.

Applied Energy, 2008

A theoretical analysis of the drying process occurring inside the household electric tumbler clot... more A theoretical analysis of the drying process occurring inside the household electric tumbler clothes-dryer is performed to determine various thermo-physical parameters affecting the energy consumption and for the development of a simulation model. Experiments are conducted on a test set-up, based on a compact tumble-dryer, to measure the values of the parameters necessary for evaluating the performance. Widely-accepted economy standards are considered for comparison of simulation and experimental results. The simulation results are in reasonable agreement with experimental data. An empirical correlation for the specific moisture-extraction rate (SMER) is developed to translate energy-consumption information from one standard to the other.

… of the 42nd IEEE Conference on …, 2003

This paper addresses the design of stabilizing controllers for a nested control system where the ... more This paper addresses the design of stabilizing controllers for a nested control system where the controller is realized in a distributed manner, considering uncertainty not only in the controller-to-plant and plant-to-controller channels but also in the nest-to-nest, subcontroller-to-subcontroller communication. An input-output approach is taken. Two appropriate controller architectures that stabilize the entire system with the various components subject to uncertainty and noise are addressed. We present controller synthesis procedures to address deterministic uncertainty and stochastic uncertainty, that model packet-loss in the Internet.

Sleep and wakefulness are instinctive behaviours that are present across the animal species. Rapi... more Sleep and wakefulness are instinctive behaviours that are present across the animal species. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a unique biological phenomenon expressed during sleep. It evolved about 300 million years ago and is noticed in the more evolved animal species. Although it has been objectively identified in its present characteristic form about half a century ago, the mechanics of how REM is generated, and what happens upon its loss are not known. Nevertheless, extensive research has shown that norepinephrine plays a crucial role in its regulation. The present knowledge that has been reviewed in this manuscript suggests that neurons in the brain stem are responsible for controlling this state and presence of excess norepinephrine in the brain does not allow its generation. Furthermore, REM sleep loss increases levels of norepinephrine in the brain that affects several factors including an increase in Na-K ATPase activity. It has been argued that such increased norepinephrine is ultimately responsible for REM sleep deprivation, associated disturbances in at least some of the physiological conditions leading to alteration in behavioural expression and settling into pathological conditions.

Veterinary Microbiology, 2011

This study reports the first conclusive evidence of zoonotic camelpox virus (CMLV) infection in h... more This study reports the first conclusive evidence of zoonotic camelpox virus (CMLV) infection in humans associated with outbreaks in dromedarian camels (Camelus dromedaries) in northwest region of India during 2009. CMLV infection is usually restricted to camels and causes localised skin lesions but occasionally leads to generalised form of disease. However, the present outbreak involved camel handlers and attendants with clinical manifestations such as papules, vesicles, ulceration and finally scabs over fingers and hands. In camels, the pock-like lesions were distributed over the hairless parts of the body. On the basis of clinical and epidemiological features coupled with serological tests and molecular characterization of the causative agent, CMLV zoonosis was confirmed in three human cases. Clinical samples such as skin scabs/swabs and blood collected from affected animals and humans were analysed initially, for the presence of CMLV-specific antigen and antibodies by counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE); serum neutralization test (SNT); plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and indirect immunoperoxidase test which was later confirmed by amplification of CMLV-specific ankyrin repeat protein (C18L) gene. Virus isolation was successful only from samples collected from camels. Further, sequence analyses based on three full-length envelope protein genes (A27L, H3L and D8L) revealed 95.2-99.8% and 93.1-99.3% homology with other Orthopoxviruses at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. Phylogram of the three genes revealed a close relationship of CMLV with Variola virus (VARV). Considering the emerging and re-emerging nature of the virus, its genetic relatedness to VARV, zoonotic potential and productivity losses in camels; the control measures are imperative in curtailing economic and public health impact of the disease. This is the first instance of laboratory confirmed camelpox zoonosis in India.

Journal of Biosciences, 2002

Sleep and wakefulness are instinctive behaviours that are present across the animal species. Rapi... more Sleep and wakefulness are instinctive behaviours that are present across the animal species. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a unique biological phenomenon expressed during sleep. It evolved about 300 million years ago and is noticed in the more evolved animal species. Although it has been objectively identified in its present characteristic form about half a century ago, the mechanics of how REM is generated, and what happens upon its loss are not known. Nevertheless, extensive research has shown that norepinephrine plays a crucial role in its regulation. The present knowledge that has been reviewed in this manuscript suggests that neurons in the brain stem are responsible for controlling this state and presence of excess norepinephrine in the brain does not allow its generation. Furthermore, REM sleep loss increases levels of norepinephrine in the brain that affects several factors including an increase in Na-K ATPase activity. It has been argued that such increased norepinephrine is ultimately responsible for REM sleep deprivation, associated disturbances in at least some of the physiological conditions leading to alteration in behavioural expression and settling into pathological conditions.

Joint Bone Spine, 2004

A rare case of a 54-year-old man with pycnodysostosis having subtrochanteric fracture of right fe... more A rare case of a 54-year-old man with pycnodysostosis having subtrochanteric fracture of right femur is being reported. This patient had this fracture after a trivial fall while walking. He had typical facial features, short stature, open fontenella, short stubby hands, high arched furrowed palate and radiological features including open cranial sutures, obtuse angle of mandible, dysplasia of lower end of radius and ulna, notching of lumbar vertebra and generalized skeletal sclerosis. The fracture was treated with an intramedullary nail; the surgery was quite a tedious procedure where we faced per-operative difficulty in reaming. The fracture united in 12 weeks. Extramedullary osteosynthesis might offer a better alternative in such patients as marrow is narrow but healing is normal.

Applied Energy, 2008

A theoretical analysis of the drying process occurring inside the household electric tumbler clot... more A theoretical analysis of the drying process occurring inside the household electric tumbler clothes-dryer is performed to determine various thermo-physical parameters affecting the energy consumption and for the development of a simulation model. Experiments are conducted on a test set-up, based on a compact tumble-dryer, to measure the values of the parameters necessary for evaluating the performance. Widely-accepted economy standards are considered for comparison of simulation and experimental results. The simulation results are in reasonable agreement with experimental data. An empirical correlation for the specific moisture-extraction rate (SMER) is developed to translate energy-consumption information from one standard to the other.

… of the 42nd IEEE Conference on …, 2003

This paper addresses the design of stabilizing controllers for a nested control system where the ... more This paper addresses the design of stabilizing controllers for a nested control system where the controller is realized in a distributed manner, considering uncertainty not only in the controller-to-plant and plant-to-controller channels but also in the nest-to-nest, subcontroller-to-subcontroller communication. An input-output approach is taken. Two appropriate controller architectures that stabilize the entire system with the various components subject to uncertainty and noise are addressed. We present controller synthesis procedures to address deterministic uncertainty and stochastic uncertainty, that model packet-loss in the Internet.