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Papers by sabina porfido

Prevention and treatment of natural disasters, May 31, 2024

More than forty years after the 23 November 1980 earthquake, which devastated the Campania and Ba... more More than forty years after the 23 November 1980 earthquake, which devastated the Campania and Basilicata regions, causing the destruction of a large number of towns and the death of around three thousand people, we have tried, through a large survey, to understand how and to what extent the urban fabric and the most affected communities have been rebuilt. Our main objective was to show, on one side, the commitment of the scientific community, and on the other the transitions that have led from the emergency to reconstruction. Of the Apenninic towns Conza della Campania, Laviano, Lioni, Santomenna, and others, where the devastation was almost total, we have tried to give an iconographic vision of the post-earthquake phase through the change in the urban layout. The partial or total reconstruction of the towns has taken place most of the time in situ, only in some cases by relocating buildings to neighboring areas, as happened in Conza della Campania, Bisaccia and Romagnano al Monte. Reconstruction was carried out mainly of anti-seismic buildings and only in some cases recovering preexisting buildings in historic centres; reconstruction was completed after a very long period, in some cases lasting over thirty years, inevitably passing through a dramatic experience of the population in temporary settlements of various kinds, from tents, caravans, railway carriages, to containers, and finally to thermo-igloos and to prefabricated wooden chalet-type. A very complex and detailed reconstruction was linked to factors not only territorial, economic and political but also conditioned unfortunately by the non-negligible intervention of organized crime.

Quaternary International, Mar 1, 2023

Earthquake Environmental Effects (EEEs) such as surface faulting, landslides, liquefaction and ts... more Earthquake Environmental Effects (EEEs) such as surface faulting, landslides, liquefaction and tsunamis are widely distributed following strong seismic events and may account for a significant part of the overall damage. Here, we investigate EEEs generated by two earthquakes with different source parameters, both occurring along the Mexican subduction zone: the Sept. 8, 2017, Mw 8.2, moderate depth, normal fault, intraslab event; and the June 23, 2020, Mw 7.0, shallow depth, thrust fault, interface event. We document all the EEEs for each event, assign an intensity value using the Environmental Seismic Intensity (ESI-2007) scale, and derive the macroseismic fields. Finally, we compute the attenuation of intensity with distance and we compare it with other subduction zone earthquakes worldwide, demonstrating the repeatability of EEEs. This work represents the first application of the ESI-2007 scale to an intraslab earthquake and documents its wide applicability in different seismotectonic settings. We argue that EEEs provide useful information that should not be neglected in seismic hazard assessment procedures

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, Apr 1, 2019

1st Seminar of theItalian National Committee of IHP-UNESCO, 2006

Quaternary International, 2022

Geosciences, 2021

On 21 August 2017 at 20:57 (local time) a very shallow (H = 1.2 km), moderate (Md = 4.0), earthqu... more On 21 August 2017 at 20:57 (local time) a very shallow (H = 1.2 km), moderate (Md = 4.0), earthquake hit the volcanic island of Ischia (Southern Italy), causing the death of two people. The study of the damage to the buildings with the European Macroseismic Scale 98 (EMS-98), carried out immediately after the earthquake, highlighted that hilly area of Casamicciola Terme, on the northern side of the Mt. Epomeo, was the most damaged part of the island with locally quite relevant damage (I = VIII EMS). This seismic event is the first damaging earthquake in Ischia during the instrumental era. In fact, this provides, for the first time, the opportunity to integrate historical seismicity, macroseismic observations, instrumental information, and detailed mapping of the geological coseismic effects. In this work we evaluate the effects induced by the 2017 Casamicciola earthquake on the environment using the Environmental Seismic Intensity 2007 (ESI-07) macroseismic scale. This macroseismic ...

Quaternary International, 2019

Abstract On 26th January 2001, an earthquake of magnitude Mw 7.7 occurred near Bhuj, in northwest... more Abstract On 26th January 2001, an earthquake of magnitude Mw 7.7 occurred near Bhuj, in northwestern India, resulting in severe environmental effects. No unequivocal primary surface rupture was observed for the earthquake, but it caused widespread liquefaction and lateral spreading in the Rann of Kachchh and Little Rann. After the earthquake, several researchers collected field evidence of secondary surface rupture, rockfall, dry craters, and surface manifestations of liquefaction, including the formation of mud volcanoes and lateral spreads, in the meizoseismal area. Analysis of pre- and post-earthquake satellite images suggests that several “dry” streams in the Rann of Kachchh began to flow due to extensive liquefaction induced by the earthquake. In this present study, the macroseismic intensity of the Bhuj earthquake is evaluated by considering these environmental effects and applying the ESI-07 intensity scale to the affected area. As an outcome, the epicentral intensity of the 2001 Bhuj earthquake was determined to be XI. According to historical records and seismic catalogs, 16th June 1819 Allah Bund earthquake caused prominent surface rupture which was not so clear in the case of 2001 Bhuj earthquake, but the secondary effects were similar for both earthquakes. Considering the environmental effects caused by the 1819 Allah Bund earthquake, an intensity of XI was estimated for the epicentral area. For both earthquakes, the ESI scale yields a significant difference of one to two degrees with the traditional intensity scales. The 2001 Bhuj earthquake and 1819 Allah Bund earthquake shows similar ESI-07 intensity of XI despite of different epicentral locations. This implies the reliability of ESI-07 scale application for different earthquakes of similar dimensions in the same geological setting. This study contributes to the application of ESI-07 scale for Indian earthquakes, especially reverse faulting events, and to the future improvement of the ESI scale with emphasis on its applicability to historical earthquakes on the Indian subcontinent. Also, this study may help in future land use planning in the meizoseismal area of 1919 Allah Bund and 2001 Bhuj earthquakes.

Scientific Drilling, 2019

Prevention and treatment of natural disasters, May 31, 2024

Quaternary International, Mar 1, 2023

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, Apr 1, 2019

1st Seminar of theItalian National Committee of IHP-UNESCO, 2006

Quaternary International, 2022

Geosciences, 2021

Quaternary International, 2019

Scientific Drilling, 2019

Lo studio del rapporto tra uomo enatura è di fondamentale importanza,soprattutto quando quest’ult... more Lo studio del rapporto tra uomo enatura è di fondamentale importanza,soprattutto quando quest’ultima decidedi imporre in maniera inappellabile leproprie leggi. L’analisi dell’impatto deiforti terremoti sull’ambiente naturalee su quello antropico è cruciale in unaNazione come la nostra. L’Italia è unPaese a forte densità abitativa e con unpatrimonio artistico, storico e culturaledi inestimabile valore, ma anche for-temente vulnerabile dal punto di vistadelle dinamiche dell’ambiente fisico

(PDF) Resilienza in Irpinia. Analisi e bilancio nell’Alta Valle del Calore dopo il terremoto del 1980. Available from:

abstract, 2021

....................................................... Sabina Porfido.*,** Efisio Spiga**** Gi... more .......................................................
Sabina Porfido.*,** Efisio Spiga****
Giuliana Alessio**, Rosa Nappi**
CNR-ISA*, INGV**, Osservatorio
Vesuviano***, Libero Professionista****
........................................................................................................

A quasi quaranta anni dal sisma che sconvolse la Campania e la Basilicata il 23 novembre 1980, è ... more A quasi quaranta anni dal sisma che sconvolse la Campania e la Basilicata il 23 novembre 1980, è possibile fare una sintesi delle modalità di ricostruzione dei paesi distrutti o gravemente danneggiati. In questo studio si evidenzia come gli effetti ambientali abbiano condizionato le scelte ricostruttive, sia in situ, sia lontano dal nucleo originario e come la popolazione ha percepito lo sviluppo urbanistico ai fini della mitigazione del rischio sismico.
Il terremoto dell’Irpinia e della Basilicata può essere considerato attualmente il più forte sisma registrato in Italia negli ultimi 100 anni, fu caratterizzato da una intensità epicentrale I0=X MCS, I0=X ESI e magnitudo ML=6.9. Il sisma causò circa 3000 vittime e danni in 800 paesi ubicati soprattutto a ridosso dell’Appennino meridionale. Castelnuovo di Conza, Conza della Campania, Lioni, Santomenna, Sant’Angelo dei Lombardi, Caposele, Calabritto, San Mango sul Calore, San Michele di Serino, Pescopagano, Guardia dei Lombardi, Laviano, Sant’Andrea di Conza, Senerchia e Teora, furono quasi completamente distrutti. Numerosi e devastanti furono gli effetti sull’ambiente naturale quali fenomeni di fagliazione superficiale ma anche e soprattutto fenomeni franosi, fratture nel suolo, variazioni idrologiche e fenomeni di liquefazione.
Il grave livello di danneggiamento e gli estesi fenomeni di dissesto idrogeologico, hanno in molti casi condizionato la ricostruzione, talvolta sconvolgendo l’assetto degli originari insediamenti abitativi. In quest’ottica sono stati eseguiti studi di dettaglio per alcuni dei paesi più gravemente colpiti dal terremoto: Conza della Campania, San Mango sul Calore, Calitri, San Michele di Serino e Romagnano al Monte. Di questi, Conza della Campania e Romagnano al Monte, sono stati delocalizzati e ricostruiti completamente ex-novo, non senza conseguenze socio-economiche per la popolazione, mentre San Mango sul Calore, Calitri e San Michele di Serino, hanno cercato di recuperare il patrimonio edilizio esistente e di ricostruire con prevalenza di strutture in cemento armato rispettando l’originale assetto urbano.

INQUA, 2019

The December 26, 2018, Mw 4.9, Fleri earthquake, is the among the largest shallow (H=1 km; INGV) ... more The December 26, 2018, Mw 4.9, Fleri earthquake, is the among the largest shallow (H=1 km; INGV) seismic event instrumentally recorded on Mt. Etna volcano. On Dec 26 morning we started mapping surface faulting and other coseismic ground effects along the NNW-trending, right-lateral Fiandaca Fault. Heavy damage affected the localities of Fleri (Zafferana Etnea), Mazzasette, Pennisi, Fiandaca, and SantaMaria LaStella, located along the fault trace. Very shallow focal depths are typical for the damaging tectonic earthquakes on the eastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano; in particular, the Fiandaca Fault generated similar events on

On August 21, 2017 at 20:57 (local time) an earthquake with Mw 4.0 (Lat. 40.74 • , Long 13.90 • ,... more On August 21, 2017 at 20:57 (local time) an earthquake with Mw 4.0 (Lat. 40.74 • , Long 13.90 • , hypocentre's depth at about 2 km) hit the Ischia island. The earthquake heavily damaged the Casamicciola Terme village reaching the VIII EMS maximum intensity at Piazza Maio and caused two fatalities and widespread damages in the Fango district (Lacco Ameno village), I=VII EMS. Although, the Casamicciola earthquake is a small size volcano-tectonic event, it produced several ground coseismic effects as recognized for shallow earthquakes occurring in other volcanic areas. Soon after the mainshock, a composite surveying team (EMERGEO Working Group, http://emergeo.ingv.it/ and CNR / IAMC), activated in the epicentral area to collect data on the coseismic ground effects, recording more than 100 geological field observations. In detailed were collected coseismic fractures and ruptures, some modest gravitational phenomena such as small size collapses of some m3 and small landslides in volcanoclastic deposits and widespread coseismic effects related to the shaking e.g., collapse of drywalls. Field mapping was mainly carried out using the smartphone's GPS equipped with software using compass and orientation sensors (Rocklogger; My Tracks; Earthquake GeoSurvey). The whole data set was stored and managed in a georeferenced database by means of an ESRI ArcGIS platform. Additionally, to achieve an accurate documentation of the most prominent coseismic ground effects, the post-earthquake survey was supported by Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) equipped with a Sony Alpha 6000 camera and a Flir SC655 thermal camera. The coseismic ruptures collected show a medium WSW-ENE to E-W predominant strike, with total length of about 2km and vertical component of movement always with constant kinematics north side down. The extensional component of the movement is accommodated by open cracks with a maximum opening of 3cm and an offset of maximum 2cm. According to the pattern of coseismic effects, the area of ground deformation was identified along the fault systems E-W-WSW-ENE in Northern sector of the Mt. Epomeo, already mapped in literature as active structures. All seismo-geological features (length, geometric pattern, movement direction, offset, relationship with the topography, comparison with structural setting and seismological historical data), lead to hypothesize the observed dislocation could be defined as primary surface faulting of the 21 August 2017 volcano-tectonic event (Mw 4). Moreover the primary and secondary coseismic geological collected data allowed us to assess the preliminary intensity of VII ESI scale.

Aim of the study: The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of the proper assessment o... more Aim of the study: The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of the proper assessment of macroseismic intensity evaluation of earthquakes, that can be considered " ethical " for defining the seismic hazard of a region. The macroseismic intensity represents the classification of the earthquake effects on people, buildings, and also on the natural environment. The intensity evaluation of an earthquake is, even today, essential for two reasons: the first one is related to the time window, since the intensity values include a period of time of thousands of years (from the paleoseismological and historical earthquakes, to the recent ones), while the magnitude estimates are available only since the middle XX century; the second reason is that the intensity allows us to assess the macroseismic effects also where buildings are absent (for example in desert areas), taking into accounts only the environmental effects.

Seismically induced ground effects of the December 2013 – January 2014 Matese seismic sequence (s... more Seismically induced ground effects of the December 2013 – January 2014 Matese seismic sequence (southern Apennines, Italy)
Valente E.1, Ascione A.2, Cozzolino M.1 & Porfido S.3

MDPI, 2023

porfido-Reviewer Certificate

Seminario-convegno con gli studenti e professori delle scuole superiori di S. Maria Capua Vetere ... more Seminario-convegno con gli studenti e professori delle scuole superiori di S. Maria Capua Vetere sul tema della sismicità della Campania.

Nell’ambito delle iniziative realizzate dal Cnr per il progetto e concorso 'Articolo 9 della Cost... more Nell’ambito delle iniziative realizzate dal Cnr per il progetto e concorso 'Articolo 9 della Costituzione' promosso dal Miur, il Mibact e la Fondazione Benetton Studi Ricerche, gli istituti Issm e Iamc organizzano una conferenza scientifica per gli studenti del liceo statale 'Eleonora Pimentel Fonseca' di Napoli su: 'I terremoti a Napoli. Un percorso per la conoscenza del proprio territorio' curato da Sabina Porfido ricercatrice dell'Iamc-Cnr. Introdurranno Paola Avallone e Raffaella Salvemini dell'Issm-Cnr

The city of Naples has been hit both by volcano-tectonic earthquakes of the surrounding areas, su... more The city of Naples has been hit both by volcano-tectonic earthquakes of the surrounding areas, such as the Campi Flegrei and Vesuvius districts, and also by the strongest seismic events located inside the seismogenic areas of the Southern Apennines.
Based on the intensity and frequency of the past earthquakes , currently the city of Naples is classified in the second seismic category, that means it is characterized by "seismicity of medium energy".
The analysis of the available seismic catalogues shows that in the last millennium more than a hundred earthquakes have hit Naples, with intensity I> III degree MCS scale over the felt level. Ten of these events have exceeded the damage level, a few of these with intensity greater of VII MCS. The strongest earthquakes of 1456 (I0=XI MCS), 1688 (I0=XIMCS), 1805 (I0=XMCS), occurred in the Apennines chain, respectively between the L’Aquila and Benevento cities, in Sannio area and in Molise region, produced devastating effects in the urban contest of the city of Naples, reaching levels of damage equal to VIII degree MCS scale. In the twentieth century the city of Naples was hit by three strong earthquakes with epicenters between the Irpinia and Basilicata regions, in the Southern Apennines, respectively occurred in 1930, 1962 and 1980. The last one is still deeply engraved in the collective memory, for the number of about 3000 victims, and with the almost total destruction of some appenninic villages.
This brief review of the strong Apennines earthquakes that rocked Naples, highlights how important is to know the seismic history of a site for understanding and disseminating information about the local seismic hazard level. The seismic hazard of Naples is decisive not only for implementing all appropriate measures to reduce seismic risk, but also for planning measures of prevention, useful for the preservation of the rich architectural heritage.

This reprint "The November 23rd, 1980 Irpinia-Lucania, Southern Italy Earthquake:Insights and Rev... more This reprint "The November 23rd, 1980 Irpinia-Lucania, Southern Italy Earthquake:Insights and Reviews 40 Years Later” presents a collection of 13 scientific contributionsproposed by 44 researchers with different expertise and multidisciplinary approachhighlighting the most important aspects of the Irpinia-Lucania earthquake (Ms 6.9, Io XMCS) from a seismological and geological point of view, without neglecting thereconstruction of cultural heritage, the resilience of the population, and thesocioeconomic development of the internal areas of the Southern Apennines a?er theearthquake. The 1980 earthquake struck Irpinia-Lucania region (Southern Italy) and it isremembered in Italy not only for being the strongest earthquake recorded in the last 100years causing devastation of entire regions and severe loss of human life, but also for thedestruction of the cultural heritage in the epicentral area. This volume, far from beingexhaustive, nevertheless wants to be an important point of reference for the newgenerations of researchers who will have both a historical and multidisciplinaryapproach to the knowledge of this earthquake

(PDF) Special Issue Reprint Earthquake: Insights and Reviews 40 Years Later. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371013026_Special_Issue_Reprint_Earthquake_Insights_and_Reviews_40_Years_Later [accessed May 25 2023].

The work of Sabina Porfido and Efisio Spiga is easy to read, almost like a bird-eyes view. Yet, t... more The work of Sabina Porfido and Efisio Spiga is easy to read, almost like a bird-eyes view. Yet, the fluency of the visual narrative interprets critical issues and field investigations. As a suspended world emerges among images captured from the becoming, leading to reflect on memory and historical meaning. This narrative cut takes the reader through disparate semantic contexts and issues. Nonetheless, the work remains, above all, a photo book with its sign codes, absences, and expectations. In this view, the picture is released as a cognitive act, accompanying the reader towards interpretation and symbolism. The visual sequence becomes an exploratory journey through cultural frames and historical circumstances. The figurative riverbed becomes Visual Culture, where the reader is both recipient and subject-interpreter. The photos of the demolitions and the building skeletons grasp a mood of suspension, leaving a sense of doubt. The shots fix what is unfulfilled, the ashes of the post-earthquake rebuilding, without delay. The uninhabited construction does not stand just as the outcome of an erroneous project. The empty building evokes the social fabric that has not inhabited the place, the life that didn't come. It seems a scar of an unkept promise, a missed sociability, the lack of a community that would have made sense to the places. The absence depicted is a semantic key. In Porfido and Spiga's view, missing or faded things become an interpretative need. Meanwhile, the visual representation acquires polysemic meanings thanks to the authors' narrative force and the reader's contribution. In the opera, it emerges a narrative cut by the double-breathing: on the one hand, the emotional depth inherent in the photographic gaze; on the other hand, the scientific background of the authors who reveal the places through analytical, sometimes 'technical' attitudes, able to circumstantiate the story of Bisaccia. Everything comes together in a coherent reading where even the more fragile documentary elements make sense in a broader reflection. On this basis, we can focus on the visual details. The succession of images encourages reflection on the nature of buildings, the profusion of human and material energies, and the errors and rethinkings that weaved this story of the 1980 Irpinia earthquake. In that sense, the sharp shots of the demolitions liberate from the rhetoric the dissipative nature of some post-earthquake choices. The debris of the reconstruction years seems to replace the ruins of the earthquake. Yet, this time without the torn settlements and the tragic human traces of the immediate post-earthquake: the rubble now produces almost lunar landscapes. The photographic gaze marks this grotesque drama. It captures the fence of sites that will not run away, that no one invades. A street light that was to lighten the daily life now overlooks a hill of debris, the remnant of exhausting political struggles and inane planning. Faced with the days of the tragedy, all this sheds light on human limits. The visual signs sweep out any appeal or easy justification. Beyond the sign of personal memory, the figure of the authoress at a closed shipyard introduces a human element. It emphasizes the void beyond the fence. Here, what is residual fades away in a fog metaphor of other clouds where recovery and reconstruction got lost. This studied repertoire of images sheds light on the years following the tragic November 1980, opening up multidisciplinary issues and historical connections. In this sense, Porfido and Spiga's photographs of Bisaccia are thoughtful rather than affirmative. The images suggest searches beyond a superficial complaint, encouraging study and reflection. The visual apparatus shows a rarefied, disrupted anthropization. It brings the case of Bisaccia back to recurring issues in these territories severely affected by the earthquake, such as the quality of the restoration, the landscape, the debate on the way to rebuild, the link between the places, and the historical forms of local sociality, the resilience. In the context of long-run emigration and ancient settlements, and now in a world of high mobility, the difficulties of reshaping areas and social relationships emerge. The flow of generations weakens old uses and ties. The semantization of the places is an open problem, referring to the choice of amputating, rethinking, or deleting such sites. An uprooting has taken place, now to be understood and defined. The human figures isolated and the few cars - nowadays, an anthropic sign of urbanity - suggest a social fabric rarefied. Innovative architectures, not without attraction for futuristic design and reason, disappear in the mist like skeletons of spaceships. Urban spaces designed on a human scale and stopped constructions don't house the expected people. It lacks a development to restate the value of the buildings, showing the approximate nature of some decisions. If and how the current Bisaccia could fall into the category of non-place is debatable. Here, urban planning has expressed an original and meditated perspective. For the first time, it openly faced the problem of Natural Hazard. Therefore, the new settlement has marked features far from anonymous. However, that could appear extraneous to the local community. Indeed, the top-down overview reported by Porfido and Spiga shows these urban geometries in a plastic vision. The iconographic apparatus shows an emotional boost and artistic sensibility. It is enough to look at the building-warehouse whose gateway fades into the mist behind it. The light comes back through the upper windows. All that gives the viewer a flickering visual effect. A trembling perception comes from the overlap perspective of the fixtures, calling the observer inside the circularity of the light. This time not framed by architecture, three symbols of electrification dissolved in a similar brightness. The anonymous street lamp in the background suggests a sense of travel and daily temporality. The high voltage pylon stays like a strong and stable icon of connections that radiate from afar. The hanging cables of the power epitomize a long-lasting provisionality. These joined signs underpin the iconographic narrative questioning the reader. This way, the visual story invites the reader to glimpse analytical, evocative, and artistic nuances. Thus, the authors lay on the threshold of open questions, for a participatory and multifaceted reflection on the recent history of Bisaccia and, ça va sans dire, around the controversial "great narrative" of the 1980 Irpinia-Basilicata Earthquake. Giovanni Lombardi CNR ISMed - Naples L’odissea di una ricostruzione. La ricostruzione di un paese dopo un evento sismico è sempre un fatto complesso in cui troppe variabili entrano in gioco rendendo il percorso poco lineare e l’obiettivo non sempre raggiungibile. Ai fattori politici, sempre predominanti, vanno aggiunti quelli tecnici, amministrativi, burocratici, economici e sociali. Esaminare nel dettaglio le ricostruzioni dei centri abitati diventa complicato e dare delle risposte adeguate quasi impossibile. Numerosi sono stati gli eventi sismici che hanno colpito Bisaccia negli ultimi secoli: 1694 (IX MCS), 1732 (VIII MCS), 1851 (VII MCS), 1930 (VIII-IX MCS) e 1980 (VIII MCS). Proprio a seguito del terremoto del 23 luglio del 1930, a causa dei dissesti e del conseguente livello di danneggiamento fu deciso la delocalizzazione del paese in località Boscozzulo-Cappella, posta a circa 1,5 km ad ovest del centro urbano. Tale trasferimento avvenne effettivamente solo dopo il terremoto del 1980, nonostante Bisaccia, fosse stata più volte interessata da notevoli movimenti franosi, come quello avvenuto all’inizio del 1965, che comportò lo sgombero di numerosi edifici. Oggi, di fatto esistono due località che rispondono al nome di Bisaccia: il vecchio e antico borgo recuperato intorno al castello ducale e la nuova Bisaccia del “Piano di Zona”, quest’ultima quasi completamente ricostruita secondo l’utopico piano urbanistico, redatto dall’architetto Aldo Loris Rossi, docente dell’Università Federico II di Napoli, originario di Bisaccia. È in questa ricostruzione post terremoto che s’inserisce il piano insediativo delle case popolari (IACP), sempre progettate da Aldo Loris Rossi, costituite da strutture moderne ma poco funzionali, sovradimensionate rispetto al reale fabbisogno, che non hanno visto ancora il completamento definitivo. Una vicenda lunga ormai quarant’anni che ha avuto inizio nel 1981 con il finanziamento di ben 83 alloggi popolari, poi ridotti a 79 nel 1987, con successive modifiche che negli anni li riducono ulteriormente. Finalmente nel 2014 viene approvato il progetto definitivo che prevede la riqualificazione urbana ed edilizia di soli 18 alloggi. Una storia burocratica e tecnico-amministrativa che equivale ad una moderna odissea, testimoniata dalle immagini che proponiamo in questo reportage in cui gli enormi cumuli di macerie mettono a nudo ancora una volta il fallimento politico e sociale della ricostruzione. https://it.blurb.com/books/11271389-the-bisaccia-iacp?fbclid=IwAR2OYCsFkLjkM3XrGPJLd2m9e23Fvpc9HdUgeakAge8zZBjB2TfOPDjHKMI

BLURB, 2020

Bisaccia, a small village located in the district of Avellino at 860 meters above sea level, is c... more Bisaccia, a small village located in the district of Avellino at 860 meters above sea level, is certainly characterized by particularly controversial aspects, which have heavily determined its development: on one hand landslides and earthquakes, on the other interventions of reconstruction post-disaster. This village is perpetually affected by landslides due to the geological conditions on which it stands, mostly formed by a conglomerate plate resting on varicolored clays. For this reason, Bisaccia is among the villages admitted to consolidation as early as 1917.
It was destroyed by the earthquake of 1694 and severely damaged by those of 1732, 1930 and 1980.
The earthquake of November 23rd, 1980 once again highlighted the territory’s extremely unstable conditions, so the Municipal Administrations opted for the reconstruction of the village in another more secure location from a geological point of view, called “Piano di Zona”, which was already identified in a previous urban planning plan, following the 1930 earthquake.
As a matter of fact, there are currently two Bisaccia: the old one, an ancient village recovered around the ducal castle and the new Bisaccia of the Piano di Zona, the latter almost completely rebuilt according to the urban plan drawn up by architect Aldo Loris Rossi.
Our journey on post-earthquake reconstruction essentially focused on Bisaccia Nuova, in search of that utopian city designed by Aldo Loris Rossi: a city that is not a village, with the heights and distances that should be typical of a site mostly exposed to earthquakes. A city not understood, which many consider unlivable, a futuristic city, which doesn’t combine in any way the past and present, the past still confined to the old site.
The photographic research is focused on the urban landscape as a whole, in the details, from the almost spatial structures of the church, to the houses that develop in a circular way around the central nucleus; it also focuses on the aspects related to the viability of the main access roads, and on what has remained of the 79 IACP residential houses in Boscozzulo, where currently the majority of the houses has been demolished, leaving as witnesses only their ruins, in evident contrast with the beauty of the landscape immersed into splendid clear skies.
The images intend to document the different steps of the reconstruction: some photos date back to over twenty years ago, the others relate to more recent times.
The new Bisaccia village, immersed in the mountains of the Apennine ridge and the sound of the wind turbines far away, represents an element of extreme contrast with all its reinforced concrete construction: it demonstrates how futuristic architecture remains cut off from the village’s natural surroundings.
Perhaps this makes Bisaccia such an interesting place, a fascinating village, lost in the wind, not accepted by its inhabitants and the local community.

Bisaccia, piccolo paese a 860 metri sul livello del mare, situato in provincia di Avellino, è certamente caratterizzato da aspetti particolarmente controversi, che ne hanno condizionato pesantemente lo sviluppo: da un lato le frane ed i terremoti, dall’altro gli interventi di ricostruzione post-disastro. Paese perennemente in frana per la natura stessa del terreno su cui sorge, costituito per lo più da un piastrone conglomeratico poggiante sui litotipi delle Argille varicolori, è tra i paesi ammessi a consolidamento già nel1917. Fu distrutto dal terremoto del 1694 e gravemente danneggiato da quelli del 1732, 1930 e 1980. Il terremoto del 23 novembre 1980 mise in evidenza ancora una volta le condizioni di fragilità del territorio, per cui le Amministrazioni comunali optarono per la ricostruzione del paese in altro sito più sicuro dal punto di vista geologico, denominato “Piano di Zona”, già individuato in un precedente piano regolatore a seguito del terremoto del 1930. Di fatto, attualmente esistono due Bisaccia: quella vecchia, antico borgo recuperato intorno al castello ducale e la Bisaccia nuova del Piano di Zona, quest’ultima quasi completamente ricostruita sulla base del piano urbanistico redatto dall’architetto Aldo Loris Rossi. Il nostro viaggio sulla ricostruzione post terremoto si è concentrato essenzialmente su Bisaccia Nuova, alla ricerca di quella città utopica disegnata da Aldo Loris Rossi: una città che non è un paese, con le altezze e le distanze che dovrebbero essere tipiche in zona sismica. Una città non compresa, che molti considerano non vivibile, una città futuribile, che non coniuga in alcun modo il passato, confinato nel borgo antico. La ricerca fotografica è focalizzata sul paesaggio urbano colto nel suo insieme, nei particolari, nelle strutture quasi spaziali della chiesa, nelle abitazioni che si sviluppano in modo circolare intorno al nucleo centrale, sulle strade di accesso; si concentra inoltre su quello che resta delle 79 case popolari. Spiga E. & Porfido S. (2020) Bisaccia piano di zona- Blurb ISBN 978-1-71-555296-1 https://it.blurb.com/b/10308955-bisaccia-piano-di-zona

https://it.blurb.com/b/10027049-via-casette-asismiche

Ante un mundo expuesto a variables climáticas y sociales que generan riesgos que amenazan la segu... more Ante un mundo expuesto a variables climáticas y sociales que generan riesgos que amenazan la seguridad de los habitantes, la región centroamericana, por su condición geográfica, es una de las más expuestas a este tipo de eventos a nivel mundial. Tanto en el ámbito rural, como en el urbano, estos eventos además de propiciar pérdidas humanas, inciden directamente como un obstáculo al desarrollo integral de muchas comunidades, al ocasionar pérdida de infraestructura destinada a la movilidad de personas así como de bienes y servicios.
Como una respuesta a esta problemática, la USAC, atendiendo a su misión constitucional, ha trabajado bajo la filosofía de acción académica y compromiso social, además de las universidades que forman parte de esta Red Centroamericana, las cuales se han integrado a través de una eficiente gestión del conocimiento que ha permitido la articulación de la trilogía: investigación, docencia y extensión, ejes fundamentales que han propiciado el análisis, la reflexión y el debate científico para interpretar las dinámicas físico ambientales que inciden en el fenómeno. Todo ello ha sido posible gracias a un largo proceso de cooperación con la Universidad de Palermo y se sintetiza en esta publicación, la cual se pone desde ya a disposición de investigadores, organizaciones civiles, entidades estatales, agencias de desarrollo y gobiernos locales como una útil herramienta en los procesos de planificación y gestión de asentamientos humanos y del territorio.
Por último, pero no menos importante, es oportuno agradecer el apoyo obtenido en este proceso por parte de la Cooperación Italiana para el Desarrollo, la Universidad de Palermo y el Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones de Italia -CNR/IGG-, así como el Consejo Superior Universitario Centroamericano y cada una de las universidades integrantes, quienes de forma articulada han logrado, a través de la Red Interuniversitaria en Análisis y Evaluación de la Peligrosidad Natural en Centroamérica, una integración centroamericana con interacción internacional, propiciando que el conocimiento científico se valide en un ámbito global para contribuir en la búsqueda de soluciones a problemas locales.
Benedetto Abate valerio Agnesi Chiara Cappadonia Antonio Caprai Christian Conoscenti eliana esposito
Giuseppe Giunta miguel Hernández reynaldo López Giovanna maselli silvia orioli Sabina Porfido
Dionisio rodríguez edoardo rotigliano silvio rotolo Attilio sulli marvin valle Crescenzo violante

40°55'28.54" N 14°52'00.42" E, 2020

EISBN: 978-1-71-430043-3 The housing emergency due to the violent November 23, 1980 Irpinia-Lucan... more EISBN: 978-1-71-430043-3
The housing emergency due to the violent November 23, 1980 Irpinia-Lucania earthquake was really dramatic not only for the communities in the epicentral areas, but also for the villages located relatively further away, that suffered a much lower level of destruction. This is the case of my native land, San Potito Ultra, a small village of about 1500 inhabitants in the province of Avellino (Campania region), located in the earthquake far field, where 200 people were left homeless. The dreadful situation induced the local administrations to make up for the homeless by adopting temporary measures such as the installation of various types of prefabricated buildings not far from the village centre. Among these certainly the most singular, for shape and size, were the thermo-higloos (dome house) of expanded polystyrene, which were a gift from the Sicily Region. About twenty of them were installed, and this solution that was supposed to be temporary, over time turned into almost permanent, in fact they were inhabited for over twenty years. The thermo-igloos, or rather what remained of them, were completely dismantled only a few years ago, in 2015. This book collects several photos of how were these igloos and what is still visible today in the location identified by the geographical coordinates 40°55’28.54” N - 14°52’00.42” E It shows images for our memory, in order to not completely remove the tragedy of that moment, moreover it makes a contribution to future memory.

The housing emergency due to the violent November 23, 1980 Irpinia-Lucania earthquake was really ... more The housing emergency due to the violent November 23, 1980 Irpinia-Lucania earthquake was really dramatic not only for the communities in the epicentral areas, but also for the villages located relatively further away, that suffered a much lower level of destruction. This is the case of my native land, San Potito Ultra, a small village of about 1500 inhabitants in the province of Avellino (Campania region), located in the earthquake far field, where 200 people were left homeless. The dreadful situation induced the local administrations to make up for the homeless by adopting temporary measures such as the installation of various types of prefabricated buildings not far from the village centre. Among these certainly the most singular, for shape and size, were the thermo-higloos (dome house) of expanded polystyrene, which were a gift from the Sicily Region. About twenty of them were installed, and this solution that was supposed to be temporary, over time turned into almost permanent, in fact they were inhabited for over twenty years. The thermo-igloos, or rather what remained of them, were completely dismantled only a few years ago, in 2015. This book collects several photos of how were these igloos and what is still visible today in the location identified by the geographical coordinates 40°55’28.54” N - 14°52’00.42” E It shows images for our memory, in order to not completely remove the tragedy of that moment, moreover it makes a contribution to future memory. https://it.blurb.com/b/9911388
EISBN: 978-1-71-430043-3

Calendario INGV, 2019

The CoV10 will take place in Napoli at the Conference Center Mostra d'Oltremare located in the Fu... more The CoV10 will take place in Napoli at the Conference Center Mostra d'Oltremare located in the Fuorigrotta quarter of the city. It is inside the Campi Flegrei caldera Red Zone and very close to the Ingv - Osservatorio Vesuviano.

Photo contest 'Human Life and Volcanoes' open to CoV10 participants. The photos have to be related to three categories: Volcanoes from above (aerial photos), Impacts of Volcanoes on infrastructure of any urban contest (volcanic hazard), Humans and Volcanoes (human, social and artistic impacts of Volcanoes).

Twelve photographs will be selected for the Ingv-OV 2019 calendar. The best photo in each category will receive a special handmade gift during the Closing Ceremony.

The handmade gift are gently offered by 'D’AVANGEM', Nola (NA), Italy
Cities on Volcanoes 10 Photo Contest is sponsored by Regione Campania

Organizing committee:
Sabina Porfido: sabina.porfido@iamc.cnr.it; Giuliana Alessio: giuliana.alessio@ingv.it; Germana Gaudiosi: germana.gaudiosi@ingv.it; Rosa Nappi: rosa.nappi@ingv.it; Valeria Siniscalchi: valeria.siniscalchi@ingv.it; Patrizia Varone: pat.varone@gmail.com

Organizzato da:
Ingv-OV
Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche e Regione Campania

La baia di Napoli, 2017

_ISBN_978_88_99130_688 volumi contengono i risultati di un confronto tra studiosi ed esperti di... more _ISBN_978_88_99130_688
volumi contengono i risultati di un confronto tra studiosi ed esperti di discipline umanistiche e scientifiche sul tema della baia di Napoli. Strategie integrate per la conservazione e la fruizione del paesaggio culturale. Della baia di Napoli, la cui immagine è celebrata in tutto il mondo attraverso innumerevoli vedute, fotografie, dipinti, fino a farne diventare un paradigma di paesaggio culturale nell'immaginario storico collettivo, sono state indagate risorse e criticità, connotazioni fisiche ed espressioni immateriali, afferenti alle radici culturali più antiche del mondo che ha avuto nel Mediterraneo il suo straordinario svolgimento. La raccolta pluridisciplinare trova posto nei due volumi: il primo riguarda diversi ambiti tematici, dalla natura alla geostoria, dall'urbanistica e l'architettura all'archeologia, fino alle diverse forme di espressione culturale. Il secondo volume accoglie le questioni interpretative del paesaggio culturale, indagandone natura e declinazioni in un'ottica di valorizzazione.

RICORDANDO LA TRAGICA ALLUVIONE CHE VENTI ANNI FA COLPI' QUINDICI. Report fotografico relativo... more RICORDANDO LA TRAGICA ALLUVIONE CHE VENTI ANNI FA COLPI' QUINDICI. Report fotografico relativo al comune di Quindici ( Avellino)