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Papers by Maria Clara Murteira

Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais

Cet article analyse la reforme des retraites mise en œuvre au Portugal en 2007. Il evoque d’abord... more Cet article analyse la reforme des retraites mise en œuvre au Portugal en 2007. Il evoque d’abord brievement l’influence qu’ont exercee les politiques et les orientations de l’Union europeenne sur les mesures prises par le Portugal dans le domaine des retraites et examine les principaux changements introduits dans la legislation. Il evalue ensuite la reforme et critique la strategie adoptee en raison de son incidence negative sur le niveau de vie des retraites et parce qu’elle est exclusivement axee sur les aspects budgetaires, au detriment des objectifs sociaux. L’article examine les choix normatifs sur lesquels reposent la reforme et le changement qu’elle induit au niveau des objectifs et de la finalite de la politique des retraites, avant de conclure que cette reforme, porteuse de transformations profondes, peut etre qualifiee de « structurelle ».

KALAMAZOO, Mich.—Reforms to social security and pension systems are being undertaken in a variety... more KALAMAZOO, Mich.—Reforms to social security and pension systems are being undertaken in a variety of nations around the world, not just in Europe and North America. Many of these nations are motivated by aging population and declining birth rates, but reforms are also occurring because of economic development, particularly in areas such as China, the Americas, and parts of Africa. A new book from the Upjohn Press provides a detailed overview of many such reforms occurring in nations around the world. Social Security and Pension Reform: International Perspectives, Marek Szczepanski and John A. Turner, editors, should prove to be an often-used resource for anyone interested in how social security and voluntary and employer-provided pension systems are evolving in differing regions and economic systems. Contributors to the book highlight trends among some countries, such as the adoption of fluctuating automatic mechanisms for maintaining social security solvency, raising the minimum ag...

Papeles De Trabajo Del Instituto De Estudios Fiscales Serie Economia, 2008

This paper aims to emphasize the idea that the income support guaranteed by the pension schemes s... more This paper aims to emphasize the idea that the income support guaranteed by the pension schemes should be a matter of primary concern when pension policies are designed. This subject is closely related to the social function of this system. As with any other system, the analysis and assessment of a pension system should consider, first of all, the success in meeting its purpose and objectives. As a consequence, the income guarantee provided in old age should not been seen as the adjustment variable (i.e. a residual subject) in a policy designed to achieve financial sustainability. The costs of pension systems must not be seen as “the objective” to minimize. Instead, they should be regarded as “the restriction” to face. Based on this argument, I develop a critical assessment of recent pension reforms in Portugal and propose a methodology for policy formulation that takes income security in retirement as the starting point. JEL Classification: H55.

Social Security and Pension Reform: International Perspectives, 2014

The facts presented in this study and the observations and viewpoints expressed are the sole resp... more The facts presented in this study and the observations and viewpoints expressed are the sole responsibility of the authors. They do not necessarily represent positions of the W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.

The Evolution of Supplementary Pensions

Challenges to European Welfare Systems, 2016

Notas Económicas

Este artigo analisa a sucessão de reformas do sistema público de pensões iniciada, por volta do a... more Este artigo analisa a sucessão de reformas do sistema público de pensões iniciada, por volta do ano 2000, em Portugal. Identifica uma transformação radical dos objetivos e instrumentos da política de pensões, dos princípios organizadores do sistema e da conceção dos direitos. A provisão pública de rendimento na reforma reduz‑se de forma gradual, mas drástica, implicando a transferência progressiva da responsabilidade e do risco para os indivíduos. Para explicar como foi possível concretizar a mudança institucional radical, apesar da aparente estabilidade das políticas, mantendo a sociedade “anestesiada”, faz‑se referência aos processos políticos das reformas (as estratégias que evitam a oposição e os discursos de legitimação) e ao uso de mecanismos de ajustamento automático (instrumentos que contribuem para a despolitização dos cortes das pensões, porque reduzem a despesa sem exigir alterações legislativas).

Notas Económicas

Este artigo analisa a sucessão de reformas do sistema público de pensões iniciada, por volta do a... more Este artigo analisa a sucessão de reformas do sistema público de pensões iniciada, por volta do ano 2000, em Portugal. Identifica uma transformação radical dos objetivos e instrumentos da política de pensões, dos princípios organizadores do sistema e da conceção dos direitos. A provisão pública de rendimento na reforma reduz‑se de forma gradual, mas drástica, implicando a transferência progressiva da responsabilidade e do risco para os indivíduos. Para explicar como foi possível concretizar a mudança institucional radical, apesar da aparente estabilidade das políticas, mantendo a sociedade “anestesiada”, faz‑se referência aos processos políticos das reformas (as estratégias que evitam a oposição e os discursos de legitimação) e ao uso de mecanismos de ajustamento automático (instrumentos que contribuem para a despolitização dos cortes das pensões, porque reduzem a despesa sem exigir alterações legislativas).

Revue Francaise Des Affaires Sociales, Dec 1, 2013

This paper 1 analyses the pension system reform introduced in Portugal in 2007. It argues that th... more This paper 1 analyses the pension system reform introduced in Portugal in 2007. It argues that the new measures implemented, although not explicitly, were deeply transformative as they involved a change in policy objectives and principles. Up to 2007, the contributory scheme was directed to meet two objectives: workers" income maintenance and the provision of a minimum income to those who earned insufficient pension entitlements. The new model has abandoned the objective of workers" income maintenance. Moreover, although the system still operates on a pay-as-you-go basis, the principles that rule it have changed. The change was not explicit and sudden, but the development of the new measures over time will result in a gradual but significant change in the structure of the system. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 examines the pension system reform introduced in Portugal in 2007 and the influence of European policies and orientations on its development.

Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais

Cet article analyse la reforme des retraites mise en œuvre au Portugal en 2007. Il evoque d’abord... more Cet article analyse la reforme des retraites mise en œuvre au Portugal en 2007. Il evoque d’abord brievement l’influence qu’ont exercee les politiques et les orientations de l’Union europeenne sur les mesures prises par le Portugal dans le domaine des retraites et examine les principaux changements introduits dans la legislation. Il evalue ensuite la reforme et critique la strategie adoptee en raison de son incidence negative sur le niveau de vie des retraites et parce qu’elle est exclusivement axee sur les aspects budgetaires, au detriment des objectifs sociaux. L’article examine les choix normatifs sur lesquels reposent la reforme et le changement qu’elle induit au niveau des objectifs et de la finalite de la politique des retraites, avant de conclure que cette reforme, porteuse de transformations profondes, peut etre qualifiee de « structurelle ».

KALAMAZOO, Mich.—Reforms to social security and pension systems are being undertaken in a variety... more KALAMAZOO, Mich.—Reforms to social security and pension systems are being undertaken in a variety of nations around the world, not just in Europe and North America. Many of these nations are motivated by aging population and declining birth rates, but reforms are also occurring because of economic development, particularly in areas such as China, the Americas, and parts of Africa. A new book from the Upjohn Press provides a detailed overview of many such reforms occurring in nations around the world. Social Security and Pension Reform: International Perspectives, Marek Szczepanski and John A. Turner, editors, should prove to be an often-used resource for anyone interested in how social security and voluntary and employer-provided pension systems are evolving in differing regions and economic systems. Contributors to the book highlight trends among some countries, such as the adoption of fluctuating automatic mechanisms for maintaining social security solvency, raising the minimum ag...

Papeles De Trabajo Del Instituto De Estudios Fiscales Serie Economia, 2008

This paper aims to emphasize the idea that the income support guaranteed by the pension schemes s... more This paper aims to emphasize the idea that the income support guaranteed by the pension schemes should be a matter of primary concern when pension policies are designed. This subject is closely related to the social function of this system. As with any other system, the analysis and assessment of a pension system should consider, first of all, the success in meeting its purpose and objectives. As a consequence, the income guarantee provided in old age should not been seen as the adjustment variable (i.e. a residual subject) in a policy designed to achieve financial sustainability. The costs of pension systems must not be seen as “the objective” to minimize. Instead, they should be regarded as “the restriction” to face. Based on this argument, I develop a critical assessment of recent pension reforms in Portugal and propose a methodology for policy formulation that takes income security in retirement as the starting point. JEL Classification: H55.

Social Security and Pension Reform: International Perspectives, 2014

The facts presented in this study and the observations and viewpoints expressed are the sole resp... more The facts presented in this study and the observations and viewpoints expressed are the sole responsibility of the authors. They do not necessarily represent positions of the W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.

The Evolution of Supplementary Pensions

Challenges to European Welfare Systems, 2016

Notas Económicas

Este artigo analisa a sucessão de reformas do sistema público de pensões iniciada, por volta do a... more Este artigo analisa a sucessão de reformas do sistema público de pensões iniciada, por volta do ano 2000, em Portugal. Identifica uma transformação radical dos objetivos e instrumentos da política de pensões, dos princípios organizadores do sistema e da conceção dos direitos. A provisão pública de rendimento na reforma reduz‑se de forma gradual, mas drástica, implicando a transferência progressiva da responsabilidade e do risco para os indivíduos. Para explicar como foi possível concretizar a mudança institucional radical, apesar da aparente estabilidade das políticas, mantendo a sociedade “anestesiada”, faz‑se referência aos processos políticos das reformas (as estratégias que evitam a oposição e os discursos de legitimação) e ao uso de mecanismos de ajustamento automático (instrumentos que contribuem para a despolitização dos cortes das pensões, porque reduzem a despesa sem exigir alterações legislativas).

Notas Económicas

Este artigo analisa a sucessão de reformas do sistema público de pensões iniciada, por volta do a... more Este artigo analisa a sucessão de reformas do sistema público de pensões iniciada, por volta do ano 2000, em Portugal. Identifica uma transformação radical dos objetivos e instrumentos da política de pensões, dos princípios organizadores do sistema e da conceção dos direitos. A provisão pública de rendimento na reforma reduz‑se de forma gradual, mas drástica, implicando a transferência progressiva da responsabilidade e do risco para os indivíduos. Para explicar como foi possível concretizar a mudança institucional radical, apesar da aparente estabilidade das políticas, mantendo a sociedade “anestesiada”, faz‑se referência aos processos políticos das reformas (as estratégias que evitam a oposição e os discursos de legitimação) e ao uso de mecanismos de ajustamento automático (instrumentos que contribuem para a despolitização dos cortes das pensões, porque reduzem a despesa sem exigir alterações legislativas).

Revue Francaise Des Affaires Sociales, Dec 1, 2013

This paper 1 analyses the pension system reform introduced in Portugal in 2007. It argues that th... more This paper 1 analyses the pension system reform introduced in Portugal in 2007. It argues that the new measures implemented, although not explicitly, were deeply transformative as they involved a change in policy objectives and principles. Up to 2007, the contributory scheme was directed to meet two objectives: workers" income maintenance and the provision of a minimum income to those who earned insufficient pension entitlements. The new model has abandoned the objective of workers" income maintenance. Moreover, although the system still operates on a pay-as-you-go basis, the principles that rule it have changed. The change was not explicit and sudden, but the development of the new measures over time will result in a gradual but significant change in the structure of the system. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 examines the pension system reform introduced in Portugal in 2007 and the influence of European policies and orientations on its development.