Jamie L . Worms | The College Board (original) (raw)
Papers by Jamie L . Worms
The AAG review of books, Jan 2, 2017
Amid the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, strategic policy reforms at the federal,... more Amid the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, strategic policy reforms at the federal, state, and municipal levels have reordered and re-purposed the social space of Rio's favelas through the implementation of social and physical infrastructure. This research project contributes a geographical perspective to the ways in which fast-paced urbanization transforms and produces social space in Rio's oldest favela, Morro da Providência. Based on Henri Lefebvre's conceptual triad concerning the production of social space, this research uses mental mapping to understand the disparity between representations of conceived space and representational lived space. It also contributes to perceived social space through participant observations and discussions. The five-month long mental mapping project designed to assess the transformation of social space yielded several results. Methodologically, this research contributes to the literature on mental mapping by identifying three types of mental maps produced by my participants. Practically, this research contributes to the discourse concerning social and political integration within the favela-city binary. Ultimately, this project contributes a geographical perspective and methodology to the ways in which fast-paced urbanization can be successfully implemented as long-term solutions in the low-income and irregular communities in Rio de Janeiro. Mega-events serve as high-profile events to provide a "stimulus to, and justification for" economic, environmental, and social development strategies (Andranovich, Burbank, & Heying, 2001: 113). The ability of a city to compete in a global marketplace by hosting a world-class event and showcasing the city's modern infrastructure, guarantees renewed tourism, employment, and future international investment (Greene, 2003). As the landscape changes, many citizens are undoubtedly be confronted with a substantial reorganization of physical space and social strategies of urban catharsis. However, if all stakeholders in Rio are not participating in the planning process, government-led policing policies, subsequent evictions, land value increases, and gentrification could provide very unique and negative impacts on the landscape. Literature on Varied Approaches to Mental Mapping The "visionary intellectuals and planners behind them were guilty of hubris, of forgetting that they were mere mortals and acting as if they were gods"-James C. Scott Chapter Four Project Methodology "The brick walls are there for a reason. The brick walls are not there to keep us out; the brick walls are there to give us a chance to show how badly we want something. The brick walls are there to stop the people who don't want it badly enough. They are there to stop the other people!"-Randy Pausch
ABSTRACT: The intention of this paper is to show how the exchange of resources help the residents... more ABSTRACT: The intention of this paper is to show how the exchange of resources help the residents of low income communities lead productive lives, and how the exclusion from this exchange impedes community development and renders individuals and groups susceptible to poverty, risk, and vulnerability to outside stressors. The theory of Social Capital explains that the exchange of resources is necessary for residents of low income communities to live a productive life in diminished poverty. However, if the social bonds that facilitate this exchange are broken, individuals become socially excluded from the benefits of this exchange. Social exclusion occurs when individuals or groups are denied access to opportunities and resources they require. When individuals and groups cannot participate in the exchange of social and physical resources, levels of trust between members of a community will decrease along with the potential for development. Deprivation in one sphere of society generated by social, political, and economic vulnerability will affect deprivation in other areas. In this paper, I will discuss observable geographic exclusion and inclusion, as it appears in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro. KEYWORDS: Social Exclusion, Social Capital, Favelas.
Journal of Latin American Geography, 2021
The Latin Americanist, Dec 1, 2018
In anticipation of the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, Rio de Janeiro initiated severa... more In anticipation of the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, Rio de Janeiro initiated several urban infrastructure projects including Porto Maravilha, Morar Carioca, and the Units of Police Pacification (UPP) program. Starting in 2008, one aspect of that effort involved bringing favelas, irregular and unplanned neighborhoods, under the control of centralized urban planning. However, rather than consult the residents to align infrastructure planning with the needs of the community, the planners imposed projects such as a cable car and a funicular tram. The authors use mental maps drawn by the residents of the Morro da Providência favela to uncover five main themes related to that process: public space, sanitation, access to food, transportation, and fear. The method reveals the residents' perspectives on the disconnect between the conceived social space of urban planners and the lived social space of everyday life, and thereby, how the infrastructure projects failed the needs of the favela community.
Journal of urban cultural studies, Mar 1, 2020
Instagram is a virtual, multi-authored platform that symbolizes geographic realities by allowing ... more Instagram is a virtual, multi-authored platform that symbolizes geographic realities by allowing its users to capture time-and-space-specific characteristics through photographs or videos. As opposed to the selective reproduction of dominant discourses, Instagram users collaboratively produce multiple truths based on their own personal perceptions and experiences. Considering that favelas in Brazil are some of the most stigmatized, misrepresented and misunderstood places in the world, this article follows the term ‘favela’ (#favela) to better understand how it is being used by the masses in 2019. Ultimately, this article analyses the space and identity of ‘favelas’ in urban Brazil by dividing our findings into three separate categories: (1) ‘hashtag favela as advertising’, (2) ‘hashtag favela as tourism’ and (3) ‘hashtag favela as everyday’. We found that although Instagram promotes the ability of favela residents to represent themselves, #favela continues to be co-opted by outsiders. Interestingly, when the term is co-opted by outsiders, its meaning is transformed from a physical space or neighbourhood into one of the many types of commodities to be bought and sold.
To evaluate the antibacterial properties and effects of an orthodontic adhesive containing copper... more To evaluate the antibacterial properties and effects of an orthodontic adhesive containing copper nanoparticles (NPs) on the material's shear bond strength. Methods: Antimicrobial activity was analysed by a disk diffusion test against S. aureus, E. coli and S. mutans. The NPs were added to the orthodontic adhesive at 0.0100 wt%, 0.0075 wt%, and 0.0050 wt%. Sixty extracted bicuspids were divided into two groups and the enamel of all teeth was conditioned with phosphoric acid. A coat of moisture insensitive primer (MIP) was applied prior to the bonding of brackets with composite resin. Group I served as a control and the bonding procedure was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Group II comprised the test teeth, into which 0.0100 wt% copper NPs were included in the MIP. Samples were tested and statistically analysed (p ≤ 0.05). The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was also assessed microscopically. Results: The adhesive with copper NPs showed a bactericidal effect against the bacteria under study. A significantly higher bond strength was obtained with the orthodontic adhesive that included 0.0100 wt% of copper NPs (15.23 ± 6.8 MPa) in comparison with the control group (9.59 ± 4.3 MPa). The ARI scores indicated that the groups were significantly different and strengthened by the incorporation of NPs (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The results of the present study suggested that an orthodontic adhesive, which included copper NPs, significantly increased material shear bond strength without adverse side effects on colour and appearance. The adhesive interface was strengthened by homogeneously dispersed copper NPs added as a nanofiller.
Journal of Urban Cultural Studies, 2020
Instagram is a virtual, multi-authored platform that symbolizes geographic realities by allowing ... more Instagram is a virtual, multi-authored platform that symbolizes geographic realities by allowing its users to capture time-and-space-specific characteristics through photographs or videos. As opposed to the selective reproduction of dominant discourses, Instagram users collaboratively produce multiple truths based on their own personal perceptions and experiences. Considering that favelas in Brazil are some of the most stigmatized, misrepresented and misunderstood places in the world, this article follows the term ‘favela’ (#favela) to better understand how it is being used by the masses in 2019. Ultimately, this article analyses the space and identity of ‘favelas’ in urban Brazil by dividing our findings into three separate categories: (1) ‘hashtag favela as advertising’, (2) ‘hashtag favela as tourism’ and (3) ‘hashtag favela as everyday’. We found that although Instagram promotes the ability of favela residents to represent themselves, #favela continues to be co-opted by outsider...
Chiricú Journal: Latina/o Literatures, Arts, and Cultures, 2021
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyzed the physically distant and newly created virtual space co... more Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyzed the physically distant and newly created virtual space comprised by the hashtag
Covid19NasFavelas. We sought to answer the questions, why has this
new virtual space been created and what initial purpose did it serve? To
do so, we analyzed 2,918 total images that were posted with the hashtag
#CovidNasFavelas over the course of thirty-eight days. We determined that
nearly 80 percent of the images could be categorized into three groups:
(1) Public Service Announcements, (2) Movements of Solidarity, and
(3) Race and Politics. We found that the creation of a physically distant
virtual place (#Covid19NasFavelas) became a participatory platform in
which vulnerable communities forged a path to their own survival during
the COVID-19 pandemic.
Journal of Urban Cultural Studies, 2020
Instagram is a virtual, multi-authored platform that symbolizes geographic realities by allowing ... more Instagram is a virtual, multi-authored platform that symbolizes geographic realities by allowing its users to capture time-and-space-specific characteristics through photographs or videos. As opposed to the selective reproduction of dominant discourses, Instagram users collaboratively produce multiple truths based on their own personal perceptions and experiences. Considering that favelas in Brazil are some of the most stigmatized, misrepresented and misunderstood places in the world, this article follows the term 'favela' (#favela) to better understand how it is being used by the masses in 2019. Ultimately, this article analyses the space and identity of 'favelas' in urban Brazil by dividing our findings into three separate categories: (1) 'hashtag favela as advertising', (2) 'hashtag favela as tourism' and (3) 'hashtag favela as everyday'. We found that although Instagram promotes the ability of favela residents to represent themselves, #favela continues to be co-opted by outsiders. Interestingly, when the term is co-opted by outsiders, its meaning is transformed from a physical space or neighbourhood into one of the many types of commodities to be bought and sold.
The Latin Americanist, 2018
In anticipation of the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, Rio de Janeiro initiated severa... more In anticipation of the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, Rio de Janeiro initiated several urban infrastructure projects including Porto Maravilha, Morar Carioca, and the Units of Police Pacification (UPP) program. Starting in 2008, one aspect of that effort involved bringing favelas, irregular and unplanned neighborhoods, under the control of centralized urban planning. However, rather than consult the residents to align infrastructure planning with the needs of the community, the planners imposed projects such as a cable car and a funicular tram. The authors use mental maps drawn by the residents of the Morro da Providência favela to uncover five main themes related to that process: public space, sanitation, access to food, transportation, and fear. The method reveals the residents’ perspectives on the disconnect between the conceived social space of urban planners and the lived social space of everyday life, and thereby, how the infrastructure projects failed the needs of the favela community.
Book Reviews by Jamie L . Worms
Journal of Latin American Geography, 2021
D efiant Geographies is written to honor the people of color who, in the face of racialized viole... more D efiant Geographies is written to honor the people of color who, in the face of racialized violence, continue to live and occupy spaces in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Lorraine Leu, Associate Professor at the University of Texas Austin and the Lozano Long Institute for Latin American Studies contributes a well-researched and thought-provoking cultural studies project to analyze how race, not class, makes place in Rio in 1922 alongside the construction of the Centennial World Fair. Leu utilizes a stunning array of primary sources and cultural texts including, but not limited to, news articles, photographs, lithographs, poems, and advertisements to analyze how urbanization and the pursuit of modernity coincided with racial oppression in Rio. This book also provides a perspective on the ways in which racialized people resist, reinvent, reorganize, and generally, "defy" the ambitions of dominant spaces. The greatest strength of this book comes in the form of these rich and fascinating examples of defiance. While Leu does not provide a definition for race, which may be problematic for some, she does explain that the terms whiteness and blackness are necessary to understand the production of space in Rio. At a time when 60 percent of the Brazilian population was black, urbanization and modernization associated with the Centennial World Fair provided Rio the opportunity to change
Journal of Latin American Geography, 2021
The AAG Review of Books, 2017
The AAG review of books, Jan 2, 2017
Amid the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, strategic policy reforms at the federal,... more Amid the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, strategic policy reforms at the federal, state, and municipal levels have reordered and re-purposed the social space of Rio's favelas through the implementation of social and physical infrastructure. This research project contributes a geographical perspective to the ways in which fast-paced urbanization transforms and produces social space in Rio's oldest favela, Morro da Providência. Based on Henri Lefebvre's conceptual triad concerning the production of social space, this research uses mental mapping to understand the disparity between representations of conceived space and representational lived space. It also contributes to perceived social space through participant observations and discussions. The five-month long mental mapping project designed to assess the transformation of social space yielded several results. Methodologically, this research contributes to the literature on mental mapping by identifying three types of mental maps produced by my participants. Practically, this research contributes to the discourse concerning social and political integration within the favela-city binary. Ultimately, this project contributes a geographical perspective and methodology to the ways in which fast-paced urbanization can be successfully implemented as long-term solutions in the low-income and irregular communities in Rio de Janeiro. Mega-events serve as high-profile events to provide a "stimulus to, and justification for" economic, environmental, and social development strategies (Andranovich, Burbank, & Heying, 2001: 113). The ability of a city to compete in a global marketplace by hosting a world-class event and showcasing the city's modern infrastructure, guarantees renewed tourism, employment, and future international investment (Greene, 2003). As the landscape changes, many citizens are undoubtedly be confronted with a substantial reorganization of physical space and social strategies of urban catharsis. However, if all stakeholders in Rio are not participating in the planning process, government-led policing policies, subsequent evictions, land value increases, and gentrification could provide very unique and negative impacts on the landscape. Literature on Varied Approaches to Mental Mapping The "visionary intellectuals and planners behind them were guilty of hubris, of forgetting that they were mere mortals and acting as if they were gods"-James C. Scott Chapter Four Project Methodology "The brick walls are there for a reason. The brick walls are not there to keep us out; the brick walls are there to give us a chance to show how badly we want something. The brick walls are there to stop the people who don't want it badly enough. They are there to stop the other people!"-Randy Pausch
ABSTRACT: The intention of this paper is to show how the exchange of resources help the residents... more ABSTRACT: The intention of this paper is to show how the exchange of resources help the residents of low income communities lead productive lives, and how the exclusion from this exchange impedes community development and renders individuals and groups susceptible to poverty, risk, and vulnerability to outside stressors. The theory of Social Capital explains that the exchange of resources is necessary for residents of low income communities to live a productive life in diminished poverty. However, if the social bonds that facilitate this exchange are broken, individuals become socially excluded from the benefits of this exchange. Social exclusion occurs when individuals or groups are denied access to opportunities and resources they require. When individuals and groups cannot participate in the exchange of social and physical resources, levels of trust between members of a community will decrease along with the potential for development. Deprivation in one sphere of society generated by social, political, and economic vulnerability will affect deprivation in other areas. In this paper, I will discuss observable geographic exclusion and inclusion, as it appears in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro. KEYWORDS: Social Exclusion, Social Capital, Favelas.
Journal of Latin American Geography, 2021
The Latin Americanist, Dec 1, 2018
In anticipation of the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, Rio de Janeiro initiated severa... more In anticipation of the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, Rio de Janeiro initiated several urban infrastructure projects including Porto Maravilha, Morar Carioca, and the Units of Police Pacification (UPP) program. Starting in 2008, one aspect of that effort involved bringing favelas, irregular and unplanned neighborhoods, under the control of centralized urban planning. However, rather than consult the residents to align infrastructure planning with the needs of the community, the planners imposed projects such as a cable car and a funicular tram. The authors use mental maps drawn by the residents of the Morro da Providência favela to uncover five main themes related to that process: public space, sanitation, access to food, transportation, and fear. The method reveals the residents' perspectives on the disconnect between the conceived social space of urban planners and the lived social space of everyday life, and thereby, how the infrastructure projects failed the needs of the favela community.
Journal of urban cultural studies, Mar 1, 2020
Instagram is a virtual, multi-authored platform that symbolizes geographic realities by allowing ... more Instagram is a virtual, multi-authored platform that symbolizes geographic realities by allowing its users to capture time-and-space-specific characteristics through photographs or videos. As opposed to the selective reproduction of dominant discourses, Instagram users collaboratively produce multiple truths based on their own personal perceptions and experiences. Considering that favelas in Brazil are some of the most stigmatized, misrepresented and misunderstood places in the world, this article follows the term ‘favela’ (#favela) to better understand how it is being used by the masses in 2019. Ultimately, this article analyses the space and identity of ‘favelas’ in urban Brazil by dividing our findings into three separate categories: (1) ‘hashtag favela as advertising’, (2) ‘hashtag favela as tourism’ and (3) ‘hashtag favela as everyday’. We found that although Instagram promotes the ability of favela residents to represent themselves, #favela continues to be co-opted by outsiders. Interestingly, when the term is co-opted by outsiders, its meaning is transformed from a physical space or neighbourhood into one of the many types of commodities to be bought and sold.
To evaluate the antibacterial properties and effects of an orthodontic adhesive containing copper... more To evaluate the antibacterial properties and effects of an orthodontic adhesive containing copper nanoparticles (NPs) on the material's shear bond strength. Methods: Antimicrobial activity was analysed by a disk diffusion test against S. aureus, E. coli and S. mutans. The NPs were added to the orthodontic adhesive at 0.0100 wt%, 0.0075 wt%, and 0.0050 wt%. Sixty extracted bicuspids were divided into two groups and the enamel of all teeth was conditioned with phosphoric acid. A coat of moisture insensitive primer (MIP) was applied prior to the bonding of brackets with composite resin. Group I served as a control and the bonding procedure was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Group II comprised the test teeth, into which 0.0100 wt% copper NPs were included in the MIP. Samples were tested and statistically analysed (p ≤ 0.05). The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was also assessed microscopically. Results: The adhesive with copper NPs showed a bactericidal effect against the bacteria under study. A significantly higher bond strength was obtained with the orthodontic adhesive that included 0.0100 wt% of copper NPs (15.23 ± 6.8 MPa) in comparison with the control group (9.59 ± 4.3 MPa). The ARI scores indicated that the groups were significantly different and strengthened by the incorporation of NPs (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The results of the present study suggested that an orthodontic adhesive, which included copper NPs, significantly increased material shear bond strength without adverse side effects on colour and appearance. The adhesive interface was strengthened by homogeneously dispersed copper NPs added as a nanofiller.
Journal of Urban Cultural Studies, 2020
Instagram is a virtual, multi-authored platform that symbolizes geographic realities by allowing ... more Instagram is a virtual, multi-authored platform that symbolizes geographic realities by allowing its users to capture time-and-space-specific characteristics through photographs or videos. As opposed to the selective reproduction of dominant discourses, Instagram users collaboratively produce multiple truths based on their own personal perceptions and experiences. Considering that favelas in Brazil are some of the most stigmatized, misrepresented and misunderstood places in the world, this article follows the term ‘favela’ (#favela) to better understand how it is being used by the masses in 2019. Ultimately, this article analyses the space and identity of ‘favelas’ in urban Brazil by dividing our findings into three separate categories: (1) ‘hashtag favela as advertising’, (2) ‘hashtag favela as tourism’ and (3) ‘hashtag favela as everyday’. We found that although Instagram promotes the ability of favela residents to represent themselves, #favela continues to be co-opted by outsider...
Chiricú Journal: Latina/o Literatures, Arts, and Cultures, 2021
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyzed the physically distant and newly created virtual space co... more Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyzed the physically distant and newly created virtual space comprised by the hashtag
Covid19NasFavelas. We sought to answer the questions, why has this
new virtual space been created and what initial purpose did it serve? To
do so, we analyzed 2,918 total images that were posted with the hashtag
#CovidNasFavelas over the course of thirty-eight days. We determined that
nearly 80 percent of the images could be categorized into three groups:
(1) Public Service Announcements, (2) Movements of Solidarity, and
(3) Race and Politics. We found that the creation of a physically distant
virtual place (#Covid19NasFavelas) became a participatory platform in
which vulnerable communities forged a path to their own survival during
the COVID-19 pandemic.
Journal of Urban Cultural Studies, 2020
Instagram is a virtual, multi-authored platform that symbolizes geographic realities by allowing ... more Instagram is a virtual, multi-authored platform that symbolizes geographic realities by allowing its users to capture time-and-space-specific characteristics through photographs or videos. As opposed to the selective reproduction of dominant discourses, Instagram users collaboratively produce multiple truths based on their own personal perceptions and experiences. Considering that favelas in Brazil are some of the most stigmatized, misrepresented and misunderstood places in the world, this article follows the term 'favela' (#favela) to better understand how it is being used by the masses in 2019. Ultimately, this article analyses the space and identity of 'favelas' in urban Brazil by dividing our findings into three separate categories: (1) 'hashtag favela as advertising', (2) 'hashtag favela as tourism' and (3) 'hashtag favela as everyday'. We found that although Instagram promotes the ability of favela residents to represent themselves, #favela continues to be co-opted by outsiders. Interestingly, when the term is co-opted by outsiders, its meaning is transformed from a physical space or neighbourhood into one of the many types of commodities to be bought and sold.
The Latin Americanist, 2018
In anticipation of the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, Rio de Janeiro initiated severa... more In anticipation of the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, Rio de Janeiro initiated several urban infrastructure projects including Porto Maravilha, Morar Carioca, and the Units of Police Pacification (UPP) program. Starting in 2008, one aspect of that effort involved bringing favelas, irregular and unplanned neighborhoods, under the control of centralized urban planning. However, rather than consult the residents to align infrastructure planning with the needs of the community, the planners imposed projects such as a cable car and a funicular tram. The authors use mental maps drawn by the residents of the Morro da Providência favela to uncover five main themes related to that process: public space, sanitation, access to food, transportation, and fear. The method reveals the residents’ perspectives on the disconnect between the conceived social space of urban planners and the lived social space of everyday life, and thereby, how the infrastructure projects failed the needs of the favela community.
Journal of Latin American Geography, 2021
D efiant Geographies is written to honor the people of color who, in the face of racialized viole... more D efiant Geographies is written to honor the people of color who, in the face of racialized violence, continue to live and occupy spaces in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Lorraine Leu, Associate Professor at the University of Texas Austin and the Lozano Long Institute for Latin American Studies contributes a well-researched and thought-provoking cultural studies project to analyze how race, not class, makes place in Rio in 1922 alongside the construction of the Centennial World Fair. Leu utilizes a stunning array of primary sources and cultural texts including, but not limited to, news articles, photographs, lithographs, poems, and advertisements to analyze how urbanization and the pursuit of modernity coincided with racial oppression in Rio. This book also provides a perspective on the ways in which racialized people resist, reinvent, reorganize, and generally, "defy" the ambitions of dominant spaces. The greatest strength of this book comes in the form of these rich and fascinating examples of defiance. While Leu does not provide a definition for race, which may be problematic for some, she does explain that the terms whiteness and blackness are necessary to understand the production of space in Rio. At a time when 60 percent of the Brazilian population was black, urbanization and modernization associated with the Centennial World Fair provided Rio the opportunity to change
Journal of Latin American Geography, 2021
The AAG Review of Books, 2017