Donald Kraft | Colorado Technical University (original) (raw)
Papers by Donald Kraft
Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 1994
Brazilian Journal of Information Science, Jan 27, 2007
RESUMO Esse trabalho coletivo incorpora onze posições sobre as implicações do “Mapa do Conhecimen... more RESUMO Esse trabalho coletivo incorpora onze posições sobre as implicações do “Mapa do Conhecimento da Ciência da Informação”, um estudo crítico Delphi conduzido de 2003 a 2005 e publicado em uma série de quatro artigos (ZINS, 2007a, b, c, d). O estudo Delphi capturou as deliberações de 57 líderes acadêmicos em Ciência da Informação de 16 países para fornecer: 1) definições de conceitos fundamentais de dados, informação, conhecimento e mensagem; 2) concepções alternativas em relação ao domínio da ...
A new information retrieval system, the Topological Information Retrieval System (TIRS), is shown... more A new information retrieval system, the Topological Information Retrieval System (TIRS), is shown to be the first system that can fulfill all the properties on the Waller-Kraft wish list of desired IR system properties. The wish list itself is discussed, and one possible problem of interpretation in the list is shown to be rectified in the TIRS model. Examples of the TIRS systems that satisfy the wish list properties are given, along with proofs of satisfaction for each item on the list.
Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Sep 1, 1973
A decision theory approach is used to model the information retrieval decision problem of which d... more A decision theory approach is used to model the information retrieval decision problem of which documents to retrieve from a library collection in response to a specific user query for information. A thorough discussion of decision theory, including the components of the alternatives, states-of-nature, outcomes, and evaluations-as well as of the optimization process under the cases of certainty, risk, and uncertainty-is presented. Bayesian statistics are also discussed to show how prior information about the various documents via classification analysis can affect the decision process under risk. An example problem is used to illustrate the decision theory approach and to compare the overall performance of the retrieval system under
Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Sep 6, 2007
The problems of resource allocation in the school library are analyzed and a practical operations... more The problems of resource allocation in the school library are analyzed and a practical operations research (O.R.) approach towards accountability is presented. A discussion of the nine‐step solution procedure is given, including the use of four planning instruments: inventory of services, preference form, data collection guide, and program costing matrix. The use of cost‐benefit analysis is shown to be helpful in determining the “best” allocation strategy. There is a presentation of implementation suggestions, and examples of the use of the methodology in actual school situations are given. Extensions of the work from building level school library media programs to district (system) and regional level learning resource (media) programs are also presented.
Elsevier eBooks, 1985
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses information retrieval system. Much effort goes into dete... more Publisher Summary This chapter discusses information retrieval system. Much effort goes into determining where to store information and how to retrieve it efficiently and effectively. The information retrieval system is a special class of information systems along with database management and question-answering systems. The key element that distinguishes information retrieval systems is the concept that the relevance of any given record to any specific query cannot be determined exactly. In recent years, many commercialized systems and theoretical approaches have emerged. Nevertheless, information retrieval is an interesting and challenging area of study and application, and it is an area currently in great flux. The chapter begins with discussion of various types of information systems that relate to information retrieval. This will be followed by a general discussion of some systems currently available in the marketplace. Then, the work being done in the areas of content analysis, including natural language applications, query processing, and systems evaluation, will be presented. Finally, current research efforts in related areas, such as artificial intelligence, and fuzzy subset theory, will be presented.
CRC Press eBooks, Oct 2, 2017
Information Processing and Management, 1989
Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Mar 1, 1986
Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 1999
Journal of the American Society for Information Science. ISSN: 0002-8231. Index. Volume 50 Number... more Journal of the American Society for Information Science. ISSN: 0002-8231. Index. Volume 50 Number 4. 1999. Contents. ...
Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Mar 1, 1989
Information Sciences - Applications, 1994
ABSTRACT
Family Practice, 2000
The choice of study design for guideline implementation studies will determine the confidence wit... more The choice of study design for guideline implementation studies will determine the confidence with which the observed effects can be attributed to the interventions under study. In general, cluster randomized trials, of which there are different types, provide the most robust design. However, the use of these designs has implications for the power, conduct and analysis of studies. Wherever possible, designs allowing head-to-head comparisons, which incorporate baseline measures of performance, should be used.
A methodology for the design of document retrieval systems is presented. First, a composite index... more A methodology for the design of document retrieval systems is presented. First, a composite index term weighting model is developed based on term frequency statis tics, including document frequency, relative frequency within document and relative frequency within collection, which can be adjusted by selecting various coefficients to fit into different indexing environments. Then, a composite retrieval model is pro posed to process a user's information request in a weighted Phrase-Oriented Fixed-Level Expression (POFLE), which may apply more than Boolean operators, through two phases. That is, we have a search for documents which are topically relevant to the information request by means of a descriptor matching mechanism, which incor porate a partial matching facility based on a structurally-restricted relationship imposed by indexing model, and is more general than matching functions of the tradi tional Boolean model and vector space model, and then we have a ranking of these topically relevant documents, by means of two types of heuristic-based selection rules and a knowledge-based evaluation function, in descending order of a preference score which predicts the combined effect of user preference for quality, recency, fitness and reachability of documents. v
An academic directory and search engine.
Springer eBooks, Sep 10, 2006
ABSTRACT
Flexible Query Answering Systems, 2001
We present an integrated approach to information retrieval, which combines fuzzy clustering and f... more We present an integrated approach to information retrieval, which combines fuzzy clustering and fuzzy inference in order to improve textual retrieval performance. We capture the relationships among index terms by using fuzzy logic rules (with truth value assignment in [0,1]). We adapt fuzzy clustering methods (e.g., fuzzy c-means and fuzzy hierarchical clustering) in order to cluster documents with respect to the terms. The clusters generated provide a basis for building fuzzy logic rules concerning the terms, and the clusters can also be used to form hyperlinks between documents. The fuzzy logic rules are applied via fuzzy inference in order to derive query modification. In addition, relevance feedback is discussed as an alternative way to employ the fuzzy clusters. We explore retrieving an entire fuzzy cluster in response to a query. Finally, we note the need to test this approach more thoroughly on a larger standard test bed.
International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, May 18, 1982
This paper describes the Louisiana Information Access and Retrieval System, LIARS, a software sys... more This paper describes the Louisiana Information Access and Retrieval System, LIARS, a software system which provides an environment within which various strategies for query processing (and, to a certain extent, document indexing) can be empirically tested.
Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 1994
Brazilian Journal of Information Science, Jan 27, 2007
RESUMO Esse trabalho coletivo incorpora onze posições sobre as implicações do “Mapa do Conhecimen... more RESUMO Esse trabalho coletivo incorpora onze posições sobre as implicações do “Mapa do Conhecimento da Ciência da Informação”, um estudo crítico Delphi conduzido de 2003 a 2005 e publicado em uma série de quatro artigos (ZINS, 2007a, b, c, d). O estudo Delphi capturou as deliberações de 57 líderes acadêmicos em Ciência da Informação de 16 países para fornecer: 1) definições de conceitos fundamentais de dados, informação, conhecimento e mensagem; 2) concepções alternativas em relação ao domínio da ...
A new information retrieval system, the Topological Information Retrieval System (TIRS), is shown... more A new information retrieval system, the Topological Information Retrieval System (TIRS), is shown to be the first system that can fulfill all the properties on the Waller-Kraft wish list of desired IR system properties. The wish list itself is discussed, and one possible problem of interpretation in the list is shown to be rectified in the TIRS model. Examples of the TIRS systems that satisfy the wish list properties are given, along with proofs of satisfaction for each item on the list.
Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Sep 1, 1973
A decision theory approach is used to model the information retrieval decision problem of which d... more A decision theory approach is used to model the information retrieval decision problem of which documents to retrieve from a library collection in response to a specific user query for information. A thorough discussion of decision theory, including the components of the alternatives, states-of-nature, outcomes, and evaluations-as well as of the optimization process under the cases of certainty, risk, and uncertainty-is presented. Bayesian statistics are also discussed to show how prior information about the various documents via classification analysis can affect the decision process under risk. An example problem is used to illustrate the decision theory approach and to compare the overall performance of the retrieval system under
Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Sep 6, 2007
The problems of resource allocation in the school library are analyzed and a practical operations... more The problems of resource allocation in the school library are analyzed and a practical operations research (O.R.) approach towards accountability is presented. A discussion of the nine‐step solution procedure is given, including the use of four planning instruments: inventory of services, preference form, data collection guide, and program costing matrix. The use of cost‐benefit analysis is shown to be helpful in determining the “best” allocation strategy. There is a presentation of implementation suggestions, and examples of the use of the methodology in actual school situations are given. Extensions of the work from building level school library media programs to district (system) and regional level learning resource (media) programs are also presented.
Elsevier eBooks, 1985
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses information retrieval system. Much effort goes into dete... more Publisher Summary This chapter discusses information retrieval system. Much effort goes into determining where to store information and how to retrieve it efficiently and effectively. The information retrieval system is a special class of information systems along with database management and question-answering systems. The key element that distinguishes information retrieval systems is the concept that the relevance of any given record to any specific query cannot be determined exactly. In recent years, many commercialized systems and theoretical approaches have emerged. Nevertheless, information retrieval is an interesting and challenging area of study and application, and it is an area currently in great flux. The chapter begins with discussion of various types of information systems that relate to information retrieval. This will be followed by a general discussion of some systems currently available in the marketplace. Then, the work being done in the areas of content analysis, including natural language applications, query processing, and systems evaluation, will be presented. Finally, current research efforts in related areas, such as artificial intelligence, and fuzzy subset theory, will be presented.
CRC Press eBooks, Oct 2, 2017
Information Processing and Management, 1989
Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Mar 1, 1986
Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 1999
Journal of the American Society for Information Science. ISSN: 0002-8231. Index. Volume 50 Number... more Journal of the American Society for Information Science. ISSN: 0002-8231. Index. Volume 50 Number 4. 1999. Contents. ...
Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Mar 1, 1989
Information Sciences - Applications, 1994
ABSTRACT
Family Practice, 2000
The choice of study design for guideline implementation studies will determine the confidence wit... more The choice of study design for guideline implementation studies will determine the confidence with which the observed effects can be attributed to the interventions under study. In general, cluster randomized trials, of which there are different types, provide the most robust design. However, the use of these designs has implications for the power, conduct and analysis of studies. Wherever possible, designs allowing head-to-head comparisons, which incorporate baseline measures of performance, should be used.
A methodology for the design of document retrieval systems is presented. First, a composite index... more A methodology for the design of document retrieval systems is presented. First, a composite index term weighting model is developed based on term frequency statis tics, including document frequency, relative frequency within document and relative frequency within collection, which can be adjusted by selecting various coefficients to fit into different indexing environments. Then, a composite retrieval model is pro posed to process a user's information request in a weighted Phrase-Oriented Fixed-Level Expression (POFLE), which may apply more than Boolean operators, through two phases. That is, we have a search for documents which are topically relevant to the information request by means of a descriptor matching mechanism, which incor porate a partial matching facility based on a structurally-restricted relationship imposed by indexing model, and is more general than matching functions of the tradi tional Boolean model and vector space model, and then we have a ranking of these topically relevant documents, by means of two types of heuristic-based selection rules and a knowledge-based evaluation function, in descending order of a preference score which predicts the combined effect of user preference for quality, recency, fitness and reachability of documents. v
An academic directory and search engine.
Springer eBooks, Sep 10, 2006
ABSTRACT
Flexible Query Answering Systems, 2001
We present an integrated approach to information retrieval, which combines fuzzy clustering and f... more We present an integrated approach to information retrieval, which combines fuzzy clustering and fuzzy inference in order to improve textual retrieval performance. We capture the relationships among index terms by using fuzzy logic rules (with truth value assignment in [0,1]). We adapt fuzzy clustering methods (e.g., fuzzy c-means and fuzzy hierarchical clustering) in order to cluster documents with respect to the terms. The clusters generated provide a basis for building fuzzy logic rules concerning the terms, and the clusters can also be used to form hyperlinks between documents. The fuzzy logic rules are applied via fuzzy inference in order to derive query modification. In addition, relevance feedback is discussed as an alternative way to employ the fuzzy clusters. We explore retrieving an entire fuzzy cluster in response to a query. Finally, we note the need to test this approach more thoroughly on a larger standard test bed.
International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, May 18, 1982
This paper describes the Louisiana Information Access and Retrieval System, LIARS, a software sys... more This paper describes the Louisiana Information Access and Retrieval System, LIARS, a software system which provides an environment within which various strategies for query processing (and, to a certain extent, document indexing) can be empirically tested.