Juan Pablo Martinez Davila | Colegio de Postgraduados (original) (raw)
Papers by Juan Pablo Martinez Davila
Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems
The objective of the present essay is to present a conceptual theoretical model for the study of ... more The objective of the present essay is to present a conceptual theoretical model for the study of the homegarden from Luhmann's agroecological approach and theory of autopoietic social systems, from which the family is conceptualized as a social system. This to explore new theories that help explain and understand from another dimension the complexity of the socio-environmental phenomena that occur in this unit of study. This analysis required the revision of up-to-date scientific literature regarding the main theoretical approaches used in recent decades on the homegarden, as well as the principles that support the Luhmannian theory in question. In this way, a theoretical assembly between families was designed as a social system and a homegarden agroecosystem, whose relevance lies in exposing the subjectivity that implies the understanding of a phenomenon from first order observation carried out by the family and the second order observation that carried out by the researcher. C...
Rev. Cient.( …, 2008
Con el propósito de analizar la importancia del Desarrollo Rural Sustentable (DRS) se presenta un... more Con el propósito de analizar la importancia del Desarrollo Rural Sustentable (DRS) se presenta una revisión bibliográfica que explora, con base en elementos filosóficos y teóricos, un grupo de experiencias mundiales, que busca finalmente construir un modelo conceptual de ...
…, 2002
The objective of this research was to characterize the agricultural diversity (AD), the productio... more The objective of this research was to characterize the agricultural diversity (AD), the production objectives, and the factors that interact to shape agroecosystems associated with livestock production in Paso de Ovejas, Veracruz. Data from a survey carried out in 1997 in that municipality were analyzed using distribution graphics, descriptive statistics and canonical correlation analysis. Six production subunits were found in the agroecosystems studied: livestock, corn (Zea mays), papaya (Carica papaya), sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum), mango (Mangifera indica), and acahual (secondary vegetation succession); whose combination determined the AD. Mean AD was 0.41 for ejidal land (E), and 0.30 for private small farms (PSF). In terms of production objectives, selfconsumption is higher in E (30%) than in PSF (11.75%). Canonical correlation analysis suggested that agroecosystems with a higher agricultural diversity and subsistence usage are associated to smaller areas of land within ejidal land tenancies with rain fed agriculture (r=0.63). These results indicate that farmers who possess smaller farm acreages and do not have access to irrigation, use resource management strategies that first satisfy subsistence needs and secondarily participate in local markets.
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, Jan 10, 2018
El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar el efecto de los patrones migratorios en los ag... more El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar el efecto de los patrones migratorios en los agroecosistemas de Jamapa, Veracruz, México. Actualmente, alrededor de 10% de la población mexicana radica fuera el país, principalmente en Estados Unidos de América, convirtiéndose en el fenómeno migratorio más importante a nivel mundial. Se aplicó una encuesta a 46 familias con miembros migrantes y a 54 sin ellos, durante marzo y abril de 2009 en el Municipio de Jamapa, Veracruz, México. Los migrantes tienen un promedio de 31.5 años de edad, la mayoría de ellos con primaria y muy pocos con nivel de preparatoria, 58.93% son solteros e hijos de familia. Un 67.86% ha emigrado hacia Estados Unidos de América. De las remesas recibidas, 31.25% son para servicios, 18.75% para alimentación y 10% para construcción de viviendas. El 28.5% es para el uso agropecuario, del cual 3.7% es para siembras agrícolas. Se encontró una reducción altamente significativa en el número de productores de frijol (χ 2 =11.07, p< 0.001), así como en productores de maíz (χ 2 = 18.05, p< 0.001), en familias con migrantes. El número de hectáreas y de cabezas de ganado bovino que poseen las familias sin migrantes es mayor que en familias con migrantes, aún después de migrar. Podría decirse que la migración afecta el manejo de los agroecosistemas
Journal of Agricultural Science, 2010
Water contamination is a consequence of human settlement, agricultural, silvicultural, and indust... more Water contamination is a consequence of human settlement, agricultural, silvicultural, and industrial activity in a region. The nitrates and nitrites dissolved in groundwater are indirectly consumed by humans, where they cause negative health effects. Among the most commonly observed problems are the dysfunction of the thyroid gland, production of nitrosamines (which commonly cause cancer), and a decrease in the capacity of the blood to transport oxygen, also known as metahemoglobinemia or, "blue baby syndrome". As part of the agreements signed by Mexico during the Conference of the United Nations on the Environment and Development in June, 1992, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Agenda 21 was adopted as a normative document focused on achieving "sustainable development" in all fields. Modern concepts of production attempt to guarantee that human
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 2017
Luhmann construye una teoría sistémica y funcional de gran envergadura, basada en conceptos con... more Luhmann construye una teoría sistémica y funcional de gran envergadura, basada en conceptos concebidos anteriormente por autores clásicos y contemporáneos de la sociología y de otras áreas del conocimiento. Este andamiaje teórico conceptual ha sido utilizado en el presente ensayo para construir una aproximación de la realidad agrícola mexicana. Lo anterior requirió de un ensamblaje entre sistemas de comunicación y agroecosistema, este último como un modelo conceptual receptor de la autopoiesis de los sistemas denominados “producción de subsistencia”, “producción en transición” y “producción empresarial” a través de los acoplamientos estructuralesconlossistemasdeconciencia,quedesdeelenfoque agroecológico son los controladores del agroecosistema; es decir, productores de subsistencia, en transición y empresarios, actores responsables de la transformación diacrónica y diferenciada de las prácticas de manejo que les caracterizan.
Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems
Background. Since 1942, no public or private research institution in our country has generated me... more Background. Since 1942, no public or private research institution in our country has generated methodological applications in the field on the subject of Agricultural Technology Transfer with a systemic approach. Objective. Understand the complex processes and relationships in the operation of a strategy for figs in Ixehuaco, Xochiapulco, Puebla. Methodology. The research described in this document belongs to the General project for the Massification of Agricultural Technology Transfer. This begins with a phase of Diagnosis-Diagnostic to understand the transmission are the main problems in the chosen territory; where the second order observer in a process of identification of innovators will be responsible for conducting a demonstration plot composed of three phases: 1. Application of a questionnaire to find out how much they know about leachate. 2. Theoretical-practical explanation. 3. Application of the initial questionnaire which with a before and after test (McNemar) is known wh...
Revista …, 2010
Se comparó, desde un enfoque autopoiético, el grado de sustentabilidad del desarrollo rural en el... more Se comparó, desde un enfoque autopoiético, el grado de sustentabilidad del desarrollo rural en el distrito de Desarrollo Rural 006, La Antigua, Veracruz, México. El estudio se realizó en agosto 2007, mediante entrevistas a 30 productores de subsistencia, 30 transicionales y ...
Interciencia
Aun cuando la agricultura es un proceso de producción biológica sobre un continuum de reproducció... more Aun cuando la agricultura es un proceso de producción biológica sobre un continuum de reproducción social, ésta ha sido estudiada fundamentalmente bajo el paradigma analítico obteniendo resultados sin duda valiosos, pero parciales, lo cual impide comprenderla como una totalidad. Ante tal situación, se ha comenzado a abordarla desde el paradigma del pensamiento complejo, posición teórica que es considerada el fundamento de la nueva agroecología y su unidad de estudio, el agroecosistema. En consecuencia, el presente ensayo propone el uso de las principales aportaciones de Edgar Morin, Rolando García y Niklas Luhmann para conceptuar al agroecosistema, modelo útil en el abordaje y comprensión de la problemática agrícola actual. Asimismo, se argumenta la selección de la teoría de los sistemas sociales autopoiéticos de Luhmann como un aparato teórico conceptual de gran envergadura para el estudio de los procesos de reproducción social agrícola que posibilita la comprensión de por qué los ...
Current requirements call for the introduction of new irrigation technologies into agricultural f... more Current requirements call for the introduction of new irrigation technologies into agricultural fields. The aim of this review was to describe the main characteristics of Venturi type fertilizer injectors. It contains information related to the design, construction, modeling, performance, evaluation and installation, and provides a basis for the implementation of these systems into low pressure irrigation so as to improve the fertilizers management. The appropriate methodology for developing design is a simulation model based on the method of computational fluid dynamics, which results in a time and money. The design of injectors' diameters took into account the entrance, exit, suction and throat, as well as the convergent and divergent angles. Resumen—Las exigencias actuales demandan la introducción de nuevas tecnologías de riego en los campos agrícolas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las principales características de inyectores de fertilizante tipo Venturi. Contien...
The objective of the present essay is to present a conceptual theoretical model for the study of ... more The objective of the present essay is to present a conceptual theoretical model for the study of the homegarden from Luhmann's agroecological approach and theory of autopoietic social systems, from which the family is conceptualized as a social system. This to explore new theories that help explain and understand from another dimension the complexity of the socio-environmental phenomena that occur in this unit of study. This analysis required the revision of up-to-date scientific literature regarding the main theoretical approaches used in recent decades on the homegarden, as well as the principles that support the Luhmannian theory in question. In this way, a theoretical assembly between families was designed as a social system and a homegarden agroecosystem, whose relevance lies in exposing the subjectivity that implies the understanding of a phenomenon from first order observation carried out by the family and the second order observation that carried out by the researcher. C...
The aim was to determine sheep production potential in the ejido ",Rio de Canas", loca... more The aim was to determine sheep production potential in the ejido ",Rio de Canas", located in the municipality of Angel R. Cabada, Veracruz, Mexico, In 2002, under agoecosystems approach. Market, social and insertion business of sheep production in the current agricultural activities were studied. Techniques related to participatory diagnostic and descriptive statistics were applied. Regarding to the sheep market, it was found that there is a high potential of sheep consumption. The national supply does not fullfill the demand, therefore about 50 % of the national consumption has been imported during the last 12 years. Markets prices reached by sheep is higher 40 % than others domestic animals. It was found that there is organization capability and positive attitude towards sheep production, since the score of most analysed variables were relatively high. The insertion of sheep operations as an activity into the identified agroecosystems (with corn, sugar cane and livestoc...
Tropical and …, 2011
Water pollution has emerged as a consequence of human settlements, as well as from specific rural... more Water pollution has emerged as a consequence of human settlements, as well as from specific rural, agricultural, forestry and industrial activities within a region. It has been found that increasing use of nitrogen fertilizers also increases water pollution. Nitrates and ...
Agrociencia, 2002
The objective of this research was to characterize the agricultural diversity (AD), the productio... more The objective of this research was to characterize the agricultural diversity (AD), the production objectives, and the factors that interact to shape agroe...
Agrociencia, 2002
The objective of this research was to characterize the agricultural diversity (AD), the productio... more The objective of this research was to characterize the agricultural diversity (AD), the production objectives, and the factors that interact to shape agroe...
redalyc.uaemex.mx
2004 Manuel de J. Jiménez Montero / Juan Pablo Martínez Dávila / Octavio Ruiz Rosado / Felipe Gal... more 2004 Manuel de J. Jiménez Montero / Juan Pablo Martínez Dávila / Octavio Ruiz Rosado / Felipe Gallardo López DINÁMICA SOCIOECONÓMICA EN LA REGIÓN DEL NORTE DE COCLÉ Revista Mexicana del Caribe, semestral, año/vol. IX, número 017 Universidad de Quintana Roo ...
Revista Mad, 2016
De von Bertalanffy a Luhmann: Deconstrucción del concepto "agroecosistema" a través de las genera... more De von Bertalanffy a Luhmann: Deconstrucción del concepto "agroecosistema" a través de las generaciones sistémicas Revista Mad. Revista del Magíster en Análisis Sistémico Aplicado a la Sociedad, núm. 35,
Journal of Agricultural …, 2010
Water contamination is a consequence of human settlement, agricultural, silvicultural, and indust... more Water contamination is a consequence of human settlement, agricultural, silvicultural, and industrial activity in a region. The nitrates and nitrites dissolved in groundwater are indirectly consumed by humans, where they cause negative health effects. Among the most commonly observed problems are the dysfunction of the thyroid gland, production of nitrosamines (which commonly cause cancer), and a decrease in the capacity of the blood to transport oxygen, also known as metahemoglobinemia or, "blue baby syndrome". As part of the agreements signed by Mexico during the Conference of the United Nations on the Environment and Development in June, 1992, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Agenda 21 was adopted as a normative document focused on achieving "sustainable development" in all fields. Modern concepts of production attempt to guarantee that human
Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems
The objective of the present essay is to present a conceptual theoretical model for the study of ... more The objective of the present essay is to present a conceptual theoretical model for the study of the homegarden from Luhmann's agroecological approach and theory of autopoietic social systems, from which the family is conceptualized as a social system. This to explore new theories that help explain and understand from another dimension the complexity of the socio-environmental phenomena that occur in this unit of study. This analysis required the revision of up-to-date scientific literature regarding the main theoretical approaches used in recent decades on the homegarden, as well as the principles that support the Luhmannian theory in question. In this way, a theoretical assembly between families was designed as a social system and a homegarden agroecosystem, whose relevance lies in exposing the subjectivity that implies the understanding of a phenomenon from first order observation carried out by the family and the second order observation that carried out by the researcher. C...
Rev. Cient.( …, 2008
Con el propósito de analizar la importancia del Desarrollo Rural Sustentable (DRS) se presenta un... more Con el propósito de analizar la importancia del Desarrollo Rural Sustentable (DRS) se presenta una revisión bibliográfica que explora, con base en elementos filosóficos y teóricos, un grupo de experiencias mundiales, que busca finalmente construir un modelo conceptual de ...
…, 2002
The objective of this research was to characterize the agricultural diversity (AD), the productio... more The objective of this research was to characterize the agricultural diversity (AD), the production objectives, and the factors that interact to shape agroecosystems associated with livestock production in Paso de Ovejas, Veracruz. Data from a survey carried out in 1997 in that municipality were analyzed using distribution graphics, descriptive statistics and canonical correlation analysis. Six production subunits were found in the agroecosystems studied: livestock, corn (Zea mays), papaya (Carica papaya), sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum), mango (Mangifera indica), and acahual (secondary vegetation succession); whose combination determined the AD. Mean AD was 0.41 for ejidal land (E), and 0.30 for private small farms (PSF). In terms of production objectives, selfconsumption is higher in E (30%) than in PSF (11.75%). Canonical correlation analysis suggested that agroecosystems with a higher agricultural diversity and subsistence usage are associated to smaller areas of land within ejidal land tenancies with rain fed agriculture (r=0.63). These results indicate that farmers who possess smaller farm acreages and do not have access to irrigation, use resource management strategies that first satisfy subsistence needs and secondarily participate in local markets.
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, Jan 10, 2018
El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar el efecto de los patrones migratorios en los ag... more El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar el efecto de los patrones migratorios en los agroecosistemas de Jamapa, Veracruz, México. Actualmente, alrededor de 10% de la población mexicana radica fuera el país, principalmente en Estados Unidos de América, convirtiéndose en el fenómeno migratorio más importante a nivel mundial. Se aplicó una encuesta a 46 familias con miembros migrantes y a 54 sin ellos, durante marzo y abril de 2009 en el Municipio de Jamapa, Veracruz, México. Los migrantes tienen un promedio de 31.5 años de edad, la mayoría de ellos con primaria y muy pocos con nivel de preparatoria, 58.93% son solteros e hijos de familia. Un 67.86% ha emigrado hacia Estados Unidos de América. De las remesas recibidas, 31.25% son para servicios, 18.75% para alimentación y 10% para construcción de viviendas. El 28.5% es para el uso agropecuario, del cual 3.7% es para siembras agrícolas. Se encontró una reducción altamente significativa en el número de productores de frijol (χ 2 =11.07, p< 0.001), así como en productores de maíz (χ 2 = 18.05, p< 0.001), en familias con migrantes. El número de hectáreas y de cabezas de ganado bovino que poseen las familias sin migrantes es mayor que en familias con migrantes, aún después de migrar. Podría decirse que la migración afecta el manejo de los agroecosistemas
Journal of Agricultural Science, 2010
Water contamination is a consequence of human settlement, agricultural, silvicultural, and indust... more Water contamination is a consequence of human settlement, agricultural, silvicultural, and industrial activity in a region. The nitrates and nitrites dissolved in groundwater are indirectly consumed by humans, where they cause negative health effects. Among the most commonly observed problems are the dysfunction of the thyroid gland, production of nitrosamines (which commonly cause cancer), and a decrease in the capacity of the blood to transport oxygen, also known as metahemoglobinemia or, "blue baby syndrome". As part of the agreements signed by Mexico during the Conference of the United Nations on the Environment and Development in June, 1992, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Agenda 21 was adopted as a normative document focused on achieving "sustainable development" in all fields. Modern concepts of production attempt to guarantee that human
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 2017
Luhmann construye una teoría sistémica y funcional de gran envergadura, basada en conceptos con... more Luhmann construye una teoría sistémica y funcional de gran envergadura, basada en conceptos concebidos anteriormente por autores clásicos y contemporáneos de la sociología y de otras áreas del conocimiento. Este andamiaje teórico conceptual ha sido utilizado en el presente ensayo para construir una aproximación de la realidad agrícola mexicana. Lo anterior requirió de un ensamblaje entre sistemas de comunicación y agroecosistema, este último como un modelo conceptual receptor de la autopoiesis de los sistemas denominados “producción de subsistencia”, “producción en transición” y “producción empresarial” a través de los acoplamientos estructuralesconlossistemasdeconciencia,quedesdeelenfoque agroecológico son los controladores del agroecosistema; es decir, productores de subsistencia, en transición y empresarios, actores responsables de la transformación diacrónica y diferenciada de las prácticas de manejo que les caracterizan.
Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems
Background. Since 1942, no public or private research institution in our country has generated me... more Background. Since 1942, no public or private research institution in our country has generated methodological applications in the field on the subject of Agricultural Technology Transfer with a systemic approach. Objective. Understand the complex processes and relationships in the operation of a strategy for figs in Ixehuaco, Xochiapulco, Puebla. Methodology. The research described in this document belongs to the General project for the Massification of Agricultural Technology Transfer. This begins with a phase of Diagnosis-Diagnostic to understand the transmission are the main problems in the chosen territory; where the second order observer in a process of identification of innovators will be responsible for conducting a demonstration plot composed of three phases: 1. Application of a questionnaire to find out how much they know about leachate. 2. Theoretical-practical explanation. 3. Application of the initial questionnaire which with a before and after test (McNemar) is known wh...
Revista …, 2010
Se comparó, desde un enfoque autopoiético, el grado de sustentabilidad del desarrollo rural en el... more Se comparó, desde un enfoque autopoiético, el grado de sustentabilidad del desarrollo rural en el distrito de Desarrollo Rural 006, La Antigua, Veracruz, México. El estudio se realizó en agosto 2007, mediante entrevistas a 30 productores de subsistencia, 30 transicionales y ...
Interciencia
Aun cuando la agricultura es un proceso de producción biológica sobre un continuum de reproducció... more Aun cuando la agricultura es un proceso de producción biológica sobre un continuum de reproducción social, ésta ha sido estudiada fundamentalmente bajo el paradigma analítico obteniendo resultados sin duda valiosos, pero parciales, lo cual impide comprenderla como una totalidad. Ante tal situación, se ha comenzado a abordarla desde el paradigma del pensamiento complejo, posición teórica que es considerada el fundamento de la nueva agroecología y su unidad de estudio, el agroecosistema. En consecuencia, el presente ensayo propone el uso de las principales aportaciones de Edgar Morin, Rolando García y Niklas Luhmann para conceptuar al agroecosistema, modelo útil en el abordaje y comprensión de la problemática agrícola actual. Asimismo, se argumenta la selección de la teoría de los sistemas sociales autopoiéticos de Luhmann como un aparato teórico conceptual de gran envergadura para el estudio de los procesos de reproducción social agrícola que posibilita la comprensión de por qué los ...
Current requirements call for the introduction of new irrigation technologies into agricultural f... more Current requirements call for the introduction of new irrigation technologies into agricultural fields. The aim of this review was to describe the main characteristics of Venturi type fertilizer injectors. It contains information related to the design, construction, modeling, performance, evaluation and installation, and provides a basis for the implementation of these systems into low pressure irrigation so as to improve the fertilizers management. The appropriate methodology for developing design is a simulation model based on the method of computational fluid dynamics, which results in a time and money. The design of injectors' diameters took into account the entrance, exit, suction and throat, as well as the convergent and divergent angles. Resumen—Las exigencias actuales demandan la introducción de nuevas tecnologías de riego en los campos agrícolas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las principales características de inyectores de fertilizante tipo Venturi. Contien...
The objective of the present essay is to present a conceptual theoretical model for the study of ... more The objective of the present essay is to present a conceptual theoretical model for the study of the homegarden from Luhmann's agroecological approach and theory of autopoietic social systems, from which the family is conceptualized as a social system. This to explore new theories that help explain and understand from another dimension the complexity of the socio-environmental phenomena that occur in this unit of study. This analysis required the revision of up-to-date scientific literature regarding the main theoretical approaches used in recent decades on the homegarden, as well as the principles that support the Luhmannian theory in question. In this way, a theoretical assembly between families was designed as a social system and a homegarden agroecosystem, whose relevance lies in exposing the subjectivity that implies the understanding of a phenomenon from first order observation carried out by the family and the second order observation that carried out by the researcher. C...
The aim was to determine sheep production potential in the ejido ",Rio de Canas", loca... more The aim was to determine sheep production potential in the ejido ",Rio de Canas", located in the municipality of Angel R. Cabada, Veracruz, Mexico, In 2002, under agoecosystems approach. Market, social and insertion business of sheep production in the current agricultural activities were studied. Techniques related to participatory diagnostic and descriptive statistics were applied. Regarding to the sheep market, it was found that there is a high potential of sheep consumption. The national supply does not fullfill the demand, therefore about 50 % of the national consumption has been imported during the last 12 years. Markets prices reached by sheep is higher 40 % than others domestic animals. It was found that there is organization capability and positive attitude towards sheep production, since the score of most analysed variables were relatively high. The insertion of sheep operations as an activity into the identified agroecosystems (with corn, sugar cane and livestoc...
Tropical and …, 2011
Water pollution has emerged as a consequence of human settlements, as well as from specific rural... more Water pollution has emerged as a consequence of human settlements, as well as from specific rural, agricultural, forestry and industrial activities within a region. It has been found that increasing use of nitrogen fertilizers also increases water pollution. Nitrates and ...
Agrociencia, 2002
The objective of this research was to characterize the agricultural diversity (AD), the productio... more The objective of this research was to characterize the agricultural diversity (AD), the production objectives, and the factors that interact to shape agroe...
Agrociencia, 2002
The objective of this research was to characterize the agricultural diversity (AD), the productio... more The objective of this research was to characterize the agricultural diversity (AD), the production objectives, and the factors that interact to shape agroe...
redalyc.uaemex.mx
2004 Manuel de J. Jiménez Montero / Juan Pablo Martínez Dávila / Octavio Ruiz Rosado / Felipe Gal... more 2004 Manuel de J. Jiménez Montero / Juan Pablo Martínez Dávila / Octavio Ruiz Rosado / Felipe Gallardo López DINÁMICA SOCIOECONÓMICA EN LA REGIÓN DEL NORTE DE COCLÉ Revista Mexicana del Caribe, semestral, año/vol. IX, número 017 Universidad de Quintana Roo ...
Revista Mad, 2016
De von Bertalanffy a Luhmann: Deconstrucción del concepto "agroecosistema" a través de las genera... more De von Bertalanffy a Luhmann: Deconstrucción del concepto "agroecosistema" a través de las generaciones sistémicas Revista Mad. Revista del Magíster en Análisis Sistémico Aplicado a la Sociedad, núm. 35,
Journal of Agricultural …, 2010
Water contamination is a consequence of human settlement, agricultural, silvicultural, and indust... more Water contamination is a consequence of human settlement, agricultural, silvicultural, and industrial activity in a region. The nitrates and nitrites dissolved in groundwater are indirectly consumed by humans, where they cause negative health effects. Among the most commonly observed problems are the dysfunction of the thyroid gland, production of nitrosamines (which commonly cause cancer), and a decrease in the capacity of the blood to transport oxygen, also known as metahemoglobinemia or, "blue baby syndrome". As part of the agreements signed by Mexico during the Conference of the United Nations on the Environment and Development in June, 1992, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Agenda 21 was adopted as a normative document focused on achieving "sustainable development" in all fields. Modern concepts of production attempt to guarantee that human