Hari Dulal | World Bank (original) (raw)
Papers by Hari Dulal
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Apr 1, 2013
This Working Paper 1: Agriculture is one of the outputs of the global study on "Deforestation Tre... more This Working Paper 1: Agriculture is one of the outputs of the global study on "Deforestation Trends in the Congo Basin: Reconciling Economic Growth and Forest Protection", that was conducted by a multi-dispinary team under the leadership of the World Bank at the request of the COMIFAC (Regional Commission in charge of Forestry in Central Africa) to strengthen the understanding of the deforestation dynamics in the Congo Basin. This Working Paper was prepared by Joel Hourticq and Carole Megevand, with significant contributions from Eric Tollens, Johanna Wehkamp and Hari Dulal. The team is grateful for useful guidance provided by Christian Berger. The report was ably edited by Sheila Gagen. Maps and illustrative graphs were prepared by Hrishikesh Prakash Patel.
International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 2013
UMI, ProQuest ® Dissertations & Theses. The world's most comprehensive collectio... more UMI, ProQuest ® Dissertations & Theses. The world's most comprehensive collection of dissertations and theses. Learn more... ProQuest, Role of microcredit in rural poverty alleviation: A case study of Grameen Bikas Bank in Eastern Development Region, Nepal. ...
The Institute of Social Studies is Europe"s longest-established centre of higher education and re... more The Institute of Social Studies is Europe"s longest-established centre of higher education and research in development studies. On 1 July 2009, it became a University Institute of the Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR). Postgraduate teaching programmes range from six-week diploma courses to the PhD programme. Research at ISS is fundamental in the sense of laying a scientific basis for the formulation of appropriate development policies. The academic work of ISS is disseminated in the form of books, journal articles, teaching texts, monographs and working papers. The Working Paper series provides a forum for work in progress which seeks to elicit comments and generate discussion. The series includes academic research by staff, PhD participants and visiting fellows, and award-winning research papers by graduate students.
International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 2014
The Ganges basin shared by India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and China is the most heavily populated rive... more The Ganges basin shared by India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and China is the most heavily populated river basin in the world. It sustains approximately 500 million people. Even though people living in the basin have coped with and adapted to change in climate for centuries, they are finding it increasingly difficult, as both the frequency and magnitude of climate-induced extreme weather events have increased over the years. Both market and non-market impacts of climate change are increasing, and increasing, quite significantly. In 2007, floods resulting from monsoon rains killed over 2,000 people and displaced more than 20 million people in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal. As traditional coping mechanisms are proving to be increasingly insufficient, improvement in climate change adaptation planning and practices in the basin is becoming increasingly urgent. This paper makes an attempt to assess the effectiveness of climate information system, infrastructure, and institutions, which are considered three important pillars of successful climate change adaptation. The needs and capacities of agencies and institutions to observe, collect, disseminate climate information products and early warning, and existing physical and institutional structures' robustness and flexibility in responding to climatic change and climate-induced extreme events are evaluated.
Geoforum, 2013
Notice: Changes introduced as a result of publishing processes such as copyediting and formatting... more Notice: Changes introduced as a result of publishing processes such as copyediting and formatting is not reflected in this document. For a definitive version of this work, please refer to the published source.
Energy Policy, 2013
ABSTRACT The dramatically increasing population of Asia necessitates equally as dramatic increase... more ABSTRACT The dramatically increasing population of Asia necessitates equally as dramatic increase in energy supply to meet demand. Rapidly increasing energy demand is a major concern for Asian countries because the increase in demand is being met through the increased use of fossil fuel supply, largely domestic coal and imported fuel. Renewable energy supply presents a lower emission pathway that could be a viable option for steering off the higher emissions path. However, several market, economic, institutional, technical, and socio-cultural barriers hinder countries in moving from high to low emission pathway. Following a discussion on the rising demand for energy in Asia and the prospects of partly satisfying it with renewable energy, we outline the reasons for government support to tackle the barriers for widespread diffusion of grid-based renewable energy. Additionally, we also discuss workable models for strategic government intervention to support diffusion of grid-based renewable energy in Asia.
Futures, 2015
millions of poor out of vicious cycle of poverty, but that performance has come at a price. The u... more millions of poor out of vicious cycle of poverty, but that performance has come at a price. The unprecedented growth that we witness today is also rapidly driving resource consumption to unsustainable levels. Local production and consumption-led growth is causing a considerable increase in external costs such as deforestation, and the knock-on effects such as increased emissions, including greenhouse gas (GHG); depletion of non-renewable resources; pollution of rivers; desertification; flooding and long term climate change. Currently, the region accounts for about 40% of GHG emissions, which is expected to exacerbate with the ongoing rapid industrialization and urbanization. By 2030, if the business-as-usual scenario persists, rise to almost 50%. Given the rapidly increasing resource use and associated environmental externalities, the governments in the region are becoming increasingly interested in pursuing the transition to a green economy as it helps achieve a better balance between the environment, the economy, and social welfare. Asia, when compared to the economies of other regions, has the highest rate of policy innovations that help transition to a green economy. However, for a region as big as Asia to make timely and sustainable transition to green economy, fiscal instruments that facilitate transition to a green economy will have to be adopted in a sufficiently large scale. In this paper, we look at the fiscal instruments that are currently adopted in Asia and their effectiveness in decoupling economic growth from emissions, pollution, and resource use, and advancing economic and social well-being. We will compare the design characteristics that influence the potential impact of these instruments and outline incentives and strategies needed to tackle the barriers for widespread adoption of effective fiscal instruments.
![Research paper thumbnail of Deforestation Trends in the Congo Basin : Transport [Dynamiques de déforestation dans le bassin du Congo : Réconcilier la croissance économique et la protection de la forêt Document de travail no 3 : Transport]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82811277/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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This report builds on an earlier review of the Community Development Carbon Fund (CDCF) portfolio... more This report builds on an earlier review of the Community Development Carbon Fund (CDCF) portfolio with regard to community benefits and their contribution to broader socioeconomic and environmentally sustainable development. It highlights the diverse contributions of CDCF projects in enhancing rural and poor community livelihoods, and aims to identify broad features and insights on delivering development plus carbon based on concrete experience from the CDCF portfolio to date. The assessment also infers a number of key lessons to enhance the effectiveness of delivering community benefits: a) the effectiveness of CDCF projects is maximized when community benefits are intrinsic to the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project itself. In projects with indirect benefits, effectiveness is maximized when Community Benefit Plan (CBP) are integrated within the social corporate responsibility arm of the project sponsor or the broader local development initiatives; b) CBPs establish a clear &...
As the Small Island Developing States of the Caribbean prepare to take climate change adaptation ... more As the Small Island Developing States of the Caribbean prepare to take climate change adaptation measures, there is a distinct possibility that the most vulnerable groups, especially the poor, women, indigenous, elderly, and children in rural and coastal communities are at risk of being marginalized. It is necessary to take into consideration the adaptation needs of these groups that are likely to be disproportionately affected due to inherent structural and social disparities. In this paper we focus on the need to ensure inclusion and social equity in adaptation planning as climate change issues disproportionately impact health, settlement, and livelihoods of these vulnerable groups. We also focus on climate change potential impacts on tourism, agriculture and fisheries sectors, which are the major economic drivers of these island states. Based on Caribbean region wide observations, we recommend priority areas including increasing community participation, local initiatives and filling critical socioeconomic and livelihood data gaps, which policy makers need to focus on and incorporate in their climate change adaptation plans in order to ensure effective and equitable climate change adaptation.
Food Security in Small Island States
Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences
ABSTRACT Cities are the major contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. They account... more ABSTRACT Cities are the major contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. They account for about 75% of global energy consumption and up to 80% of global greenhouse gas emissions. With the ongoing rapid increase in urban population, expansion of middle class in urban centers in developing countries, and availability of cheaper vehicles such as Tata Nano and Bajaj RE60 in India, the demand for energy and associated emissions from cities are expected to grow rapidly. Though cities are in a better position to mitigate climate change, it does not necessary mean that there is a willingness on their part to capitalize on these mitigation opportunities. Climate change mitigation is not the priority for them because they face a number of competing priorities including local economic growth and development and service delivery. This paper suggests a range of policy tools that can help cities achieve both local priorities as well as reduce emissions, including GHGs. The suggested policies will be effective when used synergistically.
Journal of South Asian Development, 2013
The World Bank Research Observer, Feb 1, 2011
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Apr 1, 2013
This Working Paper 1: Agriculture is one of the outputs of the global study on "Deforestation Tre... more This Working Paper 1: Agriculture is one of the outputs of the global study on "Deforestation Trends in the Congo Basin: Reconciling Economic Growth and Forest Protection", that was conducted by a multi-dispinary team under the leadership of the World Bank at the request of the COMIFAC (Regional Commission in charge of Forestry in Central Africa) to strengthen the understanding of the deforestation dynamics in the Congo Basin. This Working Paper was prepared by Joel Hourticq and Carole Megevand, with significant contributions from Eric Tollens, Johanna Wehkamp and Hari Dulal. The team is grateful for useful guidance provided by Christian Berger. The report was ably edited by Sheila Gagen. Maps and illustrative graphs were prepared by Hrishikesh Prakash Patel.
International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 2013
UMI, ProQuest ® Dissertations & Theses. The world's most comprehensive collectio... more UMI, ProQuest ® Dissertations & Theses. The world's most comprehensive collection of dissertations and theses. Learn more... ProQuest, Role of microcredit in rural poverty alleviation: A case study of Grameen Bikas Bank in Eastern Development Region, Nepal. ...
The Institute of Social Studies is Europe"s longest-established centre of higher education and re... more The Institute of Social Studies is Europe"s longest-established centre of higher education and research in development studies. On 1 July 2009, it became a University Institute of the Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR). Postgraduate teaching programmes range from six-week diploma courses to the PhD programme. Research at ISS is fundamental in the sense of laying a scientific basis for the formulation of appropriate development policies. The academic work of ISS is disseminated in the form of books, journal articles, teaching texts, monographs and working papers. The Working Paper series provides a forum for work in progress which seeks to elicit comments and generate discussion. The series includes academic research by staff, PhD participants and visiting fellows, and award-winning research papers by graduate students.
International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 2014
The Ganges basin shared by India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and China is the most heavily populated rive... more The Ganges basin shared by India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and China is the most heavily populated river basin in the world. It sustains approximately 500 million people. Even though people living in the basin have coped with and adapted to change in climate for centuries, they are finding it increasingly difficult, as both the frequency and magnitude of climate-induced extreme weather events have increased over the years. Both market and non-market impacts of climate change are increasing, and increasing, quite significantly. In 2007, floods resulting from monsoon rains killed over 2,000 people and displaced more than 20 million people in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal. As traditional coping mechanisms are proving to be increasingly insufficient, improvement in climate change adaptation planning and practices in the basin is becoming increasingly urgent. This paper makes an attempt to assess the effectiveness of climate information system, infrastructure, and institutions, which are considered three important pillars of successful climate change adaptation. The needs and capacities of agencies and institutions to observe, collect, disseminate climate information products and early warning, and existing physical and institutional structures' robustness and flexibility in responding to climatic change and climate-induced extreme events are evaluated.
Geoforum, 2013
Notice: Changes introduced as a result of publishing processes such as copyediting and formatting... more Notice: Changes introduced as a result of publishing processes such as copyediting and formatting is not reflected in this document. For a definitive version of this work, please refer to the published source.
Energy Policy, 2013
ABSTRACT The dramatically increasing population of Asia necessitates equally as dramatic increase... more ABSTRACT The dramatically increasing population of Asia necessitates equally as dramatic increase in energy supply to meet demand. Rapidly increasing energy demand is a major concern for Asian countries because the increase in demand is being met through the increased use of fossil fuel supply, largely domestic coal and imported fuel. Renewable energy supply presents a lower emission pathway that could be a viable option for steering off the higher emissions path. However, several market, economic, institutional, technical, and socio-cultural barriers hinder countries in moving from high to low emission pathway. Following a discussion on the rising demand for energy in Asia and the prospects of partly satisfying it with renewable energy, we outline the reasons for government support to tackle the barriers for widespread diffusion of grid-based renewable energy. Additionally, we also discuss workable models for strategic government intervention to support diffusion of grid-based renewable energy in Asia.
Futures, 2015
millions of poor out of vicious cycle of poverty, but that performance has come at a price. The u... more millions of poor out of vicious cycle of poverty, but that performance has come at a price. The unprecedented growth that we witness today is also rapidly driving resource consumption to unsustainable levels. Local production and consumption-led growth is causing a considerable increase in external costs such as deforestation, and the knock-on effects such as increased emissions, including greenhouse gas (GHG); depletion of non-renewable resources; pollution of rivers; desertification; flooding and long term climate change. Currently, the region accounts for about 40% of GHG emissions, which is expected to exacerbate with the ongoing rapid industrialization and urbanization. By 2030, if the business-as-usual scenario persists, rise to almost 50%. Given the rapidly increasing resource use and associated environmental externalities, the governments in the region are becoming increasingly interested in pursuing the transition to a green economy as it helps achieve a better balance between the environment, the economy, and social welfare. Asia, when compared to the economies of other regions, has the highest rate of policy innovations that help transition to a green economy. However, for a region as big as Asia to make timely and sustainable transition to green economy, fiscal instruments that facilitate transition to a green economy will have to be adopted in a sufficiently large scale. In this paper, we look at the fiscal instruments that are currently adopted in Asia and their effectiveness in decoupling economic growth from emissions, pollution, and resource use, and advancing economic and social well-being. We will compare the design characteristics that influence the potential impact of these instruments and outline incentives and strategies needed to tackle the barriers for widespread adoption of effective fiscal instruments.
This report builds on an earlier review of the Community Development Carbon Fund (CDCF) portfolio... more This report builds on an earlier review of the Community Development Carbon Fund (CDCF) portfolio with regard to community benefits and their contribution to broader socioeconomic and environmentally sustainable development. It highlights the diverse contributions of CDCF projects in enhancing rural and poor community livelihoods, and aims to identify broad features and insights on delivering development plus carbon based on concrete experience from the CDCF portfolio to date. The assessment also infers a number of key lessons to enhance the effectiveness of delivering community benefits: a) the effectiveness of CDCF projects is maximized when community benefits are intrinsic to the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project itself. In projects with indirect benefits, effectiveness is maximized when Community Benefit Plan (CBP) are integrated within the social corporate responsibility arm of the project sponsor or the broader local development initiatives; b) CBPs establish a clear &...
As the Small Island Developing States of the Caribbean prepare to take climate change adaptation ... more As the Small Island Developing States of the Caribbean prepare to take climate change adaptation measures, there is a distinct possibility that the most vulnerable groups, especially the poor, women, indigenous, elderly, and children in rural and coastal communities are at risk of being marginalized. It is necessary to take into consideration the adaptation needs of these groups that are likely to be disproportionately affected due to inherent structural and social disparities. In this paper we focus on the need to ensure inclusion and social equity in adaptation planning as climate change issues disproportionately impact health, settlement, and livelihoods of these vulnerable groups. We also focus on climate change potential impacts on tourism, agriculture and fisheries sectors, which are the major economic drivers of these island states. Based on Caribbean region wide observations, we recommend priority areas including increasing community participation, local initiatives and filling critical socioeconomic and livelihood data gaps, which policy makers need to focus on and incorporate in their climate change adaptation plans in order to ensure effective and equitable climate change adaptation.
Food Security in Small Island States
Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences
ABSTRACT Cities are the major contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. They account... more ABSTRACT Cities are the major contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. They account for about 75% of global energy consumption and up to 80% of global greenhouse gas emissions. With the ongoing rapid increase in urban population, expansion of middle class in urban centers in developing countries, and availability of cheaper vehicles such as Tata Nano and Bajaj RE60 in India, the demand for energy and associated emissions from cities are expected to grow rapidly. Though cities are in a better position to mitigate climate change, it does not necessary mean that there is a willingness on their part to capitalize on these mitigation opportunities. Climate change mitigation is not the priority for them because they face a number of competing priorities including local economic growth and development and service delivery. This paper suggests a range of policy tools that can help cities achieve both local priorities as well as reduce emissions, including GHGs. The suggested policies will be effective when used synergistically.
Journal of South Asian Development, 2013
The World Bank Research Observer, Feb 1, 2011